| 1. |
- Allen, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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Habitat-performance relationships of a large mammal on a predator-free island dominated by humans
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 7, s. 305-319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The demographic consequences of changes in habitat use driven by human modification of landscape, and/or changes in climate, are important for any species. We investigated habitat-performance relationships in a declining island population of a large mammal, the moose (Alces alces), in an environment that is predator-free but dominated by humans. We used a combination of demographic data, knowledge of habitat selection, and multiannual movement data of female moose (n = 17) to understand how space use patterns affect fecundity and calf survival. The calving rate was 0.64 and was similar to calving rates reported in other populations. Calf survival was 0.22 (annually) and 0.32 (postsummer), which are particularly low compared to other populations where postsummer survival is typically above 0.7. Home ranges were mainly composed of arable land (>40%), and selection for arable land was higher in winter than in summer, which contrasts with previous studies. Females that spent more time in broadleaf forest in the summer prior to the rut had higher fecundity rates, while more time spent in arable land resulted in lower fecundity rates. Females that spent more time in thicket/scrubland habitats during winter had lower calf survival, while females that had higher use of mixed forests tended to have higher calf survival. The dominance, and subsequent use, of suboptimal foraging habitats may lead to poor body condition of females at parturition, which may lower calf body weights and affect the mother's ability to lactate. In addition, our results indicated that the growing season has advanced significantly in recent decades, which may be causing a mismatch between parturition and optimal resource availability. These effects may exacerbate the female's ability to meet the energetic demands of lactation. Therefore, the observed low calf survival appears to be caused by a combination of factors related to current land use and may also be due to changing vegetation phenology. These results have important implications for the management of species in human-dominated landscapes in the face of climate change, and for an increased understanding of how species may adapt to future land use and climate change.
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| 2. |
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| 5. |
- Bader, Pekka, et al.
(författare)
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Häckande kustfåglar på Holmöarna
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Öar och skär i Norra Kvarken hyser ett rikt kustfågelliv och mångfalden av arter och antalet individerär intressant ur ett nationellt perspektiv. Stora delarna av Holmöarna avsattes 1980 till naturreservat,bland annat med utgångspunkt från områdets rika kustfågelfauna. Svärta och tobisgrissla ärtvå arter som förekommer i nationellt betydelsefulla antal i Holmöarkipelagen.Häckande skärgårdsfåglar bedöms vara en bra indikator för miljötillståndet och den biologiska mångfalden i skärgårdsmiljö. År 2000 påbörjades på allvar diskussionen om hur kustfågelfaunan på Holmöarna, men även i hela Norra Kvarken, på bästa sätt skulle följas upp och övervakas i ett långsiktigt perspektiv. Ett övervakningsprogram för häckande kustfågel ska kunna ligga till grund förbedömning av de nationella och regionala miljömålen samt bedömning av gynnsam bevarandestatus i Natura 2000 habitat. Ett nära samarbete kring dessa frågor finns med Finland inom Kvarken Miljö II, ett Interreg IIIA-projekt.Rapporten omfattar tre artiklar med fokus på häckande kustfågel i Holmöarkipelagen:Den första artikeln är en redovisning av de inventeringar som har genomförs i fyra områdenlängs Holmöarnas östra sida under perioden 2000-2003. Inventeringarna genomfördes av StoraFjäderäggs fågelstation i samarbete med och finansierat av Länsstyrelsen i Västerbotten och Umeåkommun. Utvärderingen av inventeringsresultaten gjordes av Pekka Bader och Joakim Lessmann.Den andra artikeln har författats av Lars Edenius och är en statistisk utvärdering av de inventeringarsom genomfördes under åren 2000-2003. Dessutom diskuteras i artikeln kustfåglars värde som indikatorför miljöförändringar i skärgårdsmiljö och där lämnas även ett förslag till upplägg av ett övervakningsprogramav häckande kustfågel på Holmöarna.Den sista artikeln, som är skriven av Lars Edenius, är en utvärdering av en metodstudie för inventeringav svärta som genomfördes inom Interregprojektet Kvarken Miljö II sommaren 2004.Kvalitetssäkring och harmonisering av inventeringsmetoder mellan Sverige och Finland görs i syfteatt i framtiden kunna etablera ett gemensamt övervakningsprogram för bland annat svärta i NorraKvarken.
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| 7. |
- De Jong, Adriaan, et al.
(författare)
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Tracing the origin of vagrant Siberian songbirds with stable isotopes: the case of Yellow-browed Warbler (Abrornis inornatus) in Fennoscandia
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ornis Fennica. - 0030-5685. ; 96, s. 90-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vagrant birds are mesmerizing birdwatchers worldwide, but the nature of vagrancy and the true origin of the vagrants are poorly known. To Western Europe, the massive Siberian land mass delivers most of the vagrant songbirds, e.g. Yellow-browed Warbler (YBW) (Abrornis inornatus, formerly Phylloscopus inornatus). In this study we used stable hydrogen isotope ratios in tail feathers (delta H-2(f)) from two ringing stations in northern Fennoscandia in an attempt to link vagrant YBW to potential regions of origin. We could do this thanks to a collection of samples from nestling and breeding adult YBW in Central Siberia. Compared with the nestling samples, the Fennoscandian delta H-2(f) data indicated origins in the western and/or southern parts of the breeding range. The assignment map created in IsoMAP showed high probabilities of origins in the Komi Republic, N/NW of the Ural Mountains. Although our study rules out a large proportion of the YBW breeding range, our method could not pin-point a precise region of origin. The main reason for this is the similarity of environmental hydrogen isotope ratios across longitudes in Eurasia. For increased precision, we propose a multi-method approach (e.g. stable isotopes and genetics) based on significantly more data from across the vast and challenging Siberian territory. More international collaboration will be vital for this endeavour.
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| 10. |
- Edenius, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Bird communities of two forest types in Chitwan Valley, Nepal
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ornithological science. - : Ornithological Society of Japan. - 1347-0558. ; 19, s. 29-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maintaining biological diversity is an important objective at Chitwan National Park (CNP), the most visited national park in Nepal. Given human uses and manipulations of forests both in and around CNP, developing forest management guidelines that can both support human use of trees and sustain the biological diversity of the forests is a high priority. In Febniary 2009 we measured bird communities with point counts, woodpecker abundance with playback, and collected vegetation data in Sal Shorea robusta and riverine forests in CHP and a nearby community forest to provide basic data on bird-habitat associations with an emphasis on woodpeckers. Riverine forest had over twice the density of trees per ha (many small trees), higher tree species richness, and greater basal area than Sal forest. Sal forest had more large trees than riverine forest. We detected 71 bird species during the point counts in the study forests, 18 more during playback sessions, and an additional 12 species that were more associated with adjacent habitats (e.g., wetlands or flying overhead) for a total of 101 species. Among resident species, 31% were primary or secondary tree-cavity nesters. On average for point counts, we detected 29.5 bird species (2.2 woodpeckers) on transects located in riverine forest and 23.3 bird species (1.8 woodpeckers) in Sal forests, but the difference was not statistically significant. While riverine forest had several commonly occurring species not detected in Sal forest, the opposite was not the case. The regression of woodpecker species richness against large tree density in both Sal and riverine forests was positive, but not statistically significant. As a method of sampling woodpeckers, playback resulted in approximately twice the number of individuals and species compared to detection from point counts.
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| 11. |
- Edenius, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Browsing and damage inflicted by moose in young Scots pine stands subjected to high-stump precommercial thinning
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 30, s. 382-387
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Fennoscandia, young stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) are intensively used by moose (Alces alces L.) during winter. We studied whether forage amounts on high-cut pines in high-stump commercial thinning influenced browsing intensity and damage incidence on retained (i.e. uncut) pine stems. High-cut pines were browsed, but to a lesser extent than retained pines. At a scale corresponding to individual feeding sites (approximate to 40 m(2)), browsing intensity on retained pines was not influenced by the amount of forage on high-cut pines but was positively related to moose pellet group counts. The incidence of lower-height damage (stem breakage and bark stripping) was positively related to the amount of forage on high-cut pines, whereas higher damage (leader shoot browsing) was not. Overall browsing damage incidence on retained pines was positively related to the density of deciduous trees and negatively related to the amount of forage on retained pines. Our results suggest that although high-stump thinning supplies additional food resources for moose, larger amounts of forage on high-cut pines may increase the risk for bark stripping and stem breakage on retained trees. Further research is needed at larger spatial scales to assess the feasibility of high-stump thinning as a damage mitigation measure.
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| 12. |
- Edenius, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Can Repeated Fertilizer Applications to Young Norway Spruce Enhance Avian Diversity in Intensively Managed Forests?
- 2011
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Ingår i: AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 40, s. 521-527
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Repeated fertilization of forests to increase biomass production is an environmentally controversial proposal, the effects of which we assessed on breeding birds in stands of young Norway spruce (Picea abies), in an intensively managed forest area in southern Sweden. Our results show that fertilized stands had 38% more species and 21% more individuals than unfertilized stands. Compared with stands under traditional management, the further intensification of forestry by repeated applications of fertilizers thus seemed to enhance species richness and abundance of forest birds. We cannot conclude at this stage whether the response in the bird community was caused by changes in food resources or increased structural complexity in the forest canopy due to the skid roads used for the application of the fertilizers. Future studies should focus on structural and compositional effects of fertilization processes during the entire rotation period and at assessing its effects in a landscape context.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Edenius, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of ungulate browsing on recruitment of aspen and rowan: a demographic approach
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 30, s. 283-288
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aspen (Populus tremula L.) and rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.) are important for biodiversity conservation and aesthetic reasons. Intensified levels of ungulate browsing the last decades have raised concerns over the recruitment of aspen and rowan in boreal forests. Demographic data are vital to understand and quantify how the structure of tree populations are affected over time by browsing and other factors but such data are rare. In a five-year study, we quantified vital demographic rates for co-occurring aspen and rowan using exclosures in a productive forest area in eastern-central Sweden. Mean annual browsing rate on small (<1 m) aspen and rowan stems was 20 vs. 38%, whereas the order in browsing intensity was reversed for stems of medium (1-2 m) size (28 vs. 14%). Browsing had a clear negative effect on transition rate from small to medium size class in both species, but had a much smaller impact on transition rate from medium to large (2-3 m) size class. Residence time for small stems and regeneration rate was much higher in aspen than in rowan, but browsing did not affect these dynamics. Transition to ungulate safe height (>3 m) was reduced with a factor of two in rowan and four in aspen by browsing.
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| 17. |
- Edenius, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Landscape level effects of modern forestry on bird communities in North Swedish boreal forests
- 1996
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Ingår i: Landscape Ecology. - 0921-2973 .- 1572-9761. - 0921-2973 ; 11:6, s. 325-338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We address effects of large-scale forestry on landscape structure and the structure and composition of boreal bird communities in North Sweden. Specifically, we ask: after controlling for the effect of patch size, forest age and tree species composition, is there any residual effect attributable to the reduction in area of old forest? Pairs of landscape blocks (25 by 25 km) were selected to maximize area difference in human-induced disturbance, clear-cut as opposed to semi-natural old forest. Median distance to natural edge (wetlands, open water) from randomly selected points in forest was 250 and 200 m in high and low impact landscapes, respectively, indicating a high degree of 'natural' fragmentation of the pristine boreal landscape in the area. By contrast, median distance to clear-cut in uncut forest was 750 and 100 m, respectively. Clear-cuts in high impact landscapes were disproportionally more common in areas with contiguous forest land than in areas with spatially disjunct forest, implicating that forestry increases natural fragmentation of the landscape by subdividing larger forest tracts. Point counts along forestry roads showed that species richness and relative abundance of forest birds were higher in landscapes with low forestry impact. These differences can partly be explained by differences in age composition of forest and composition of tree species. After controlling for patch size, forest age and tree species composition, a significant effect of forestry impact remained for Sibirian species and the Tree pipit Anthus trivialis. Our results thus imply that this group of species and the Tree pipit may be sensitive to forest fragmentation. In contrast to previous Finnish studies, we found relatively small negative effects on relative abundance of species hypothesized to be negatively affected by large-scale clear-cutting forestry. However, our picture of the present does not contradict results from Finnish long-term population studies. Five factors may account for this: 1) clear-cut areas are not permanently transformed into other land use types, 2) planted forests are not completely inhabitable for species preferring older forest, 3) the majority of species in the regional pool are habitat generalists, 4) the region studied is still extensively covered with semi-natural forest, and 5) our study area is relatively close to contiguous boreal forest in Russia, a potential source area for taiga species.
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| 18. |
- Edenius, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Referensområden som verktyg för viltförvaltningsunderlag
- 2019
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Ingår i: Fakta. Skog. - 1400-7789.
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Referensområden är områden där vi följer populationer av älg och andra viltarter, samt förändringar i landskapet, mer intensivt.Referensområden är viktiga för att utveckla övervakningsmetoder och skaffa sig bra kunskap om hur systemet fungerar, för utbildning, samt som demonstrationsområden.Referensområden förväntas bli en viktig komponent i den nya ekosystembaserade viltförvaltningen.Slaktvikter, reproduktionsdata, åldersstruktur, älgtäthet, fodermängder, betestryck och skogsskador är exempel på data som är relevanta att samla in i referensområden för den nya älgförvaltningens behov.SLU har flera områden och försöksparker som kan utvecklas till nationella referensområden.Fördjupad övervakning inom referensområden är ett viktigt komplement till förvaltningsinventeringar inom miljöanalys och viltövervakning.
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| 19. |
- Edenius, Lars
(författare)
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Short-term effects of wildfire on bird assemblages in old pine- and spruce-dominated forests in northern Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: Ornis Fennica. - 0030-5685. ; 88, s. 71-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effects of wildfire on forest birds have rarely been studied in Fennoscandia. Hence, birds were surveyed three years after fire at two large areas that were not subjected to salvage logging, in northern Sweden. The 300- and 440-ha burns and surrounding forests were dominated by Scots pine and Norway spruce, respectively. Closed-nest breeders and ground-feeding insectivores were more abundant within the burns than in the surrounding forests, whereas ground- and shrub-breeders were nearly equally abundant in the burns and in unburned forests. Redpoll and Tree Pipit were more common within than outside the burns. Birds feeding on insects in the air and the Redstart were more abundant in burned than in unburned spruce-dominated forest but no such difference was found in pine-dominated forest, suggesting that the short-term effects of wildfire on these birds were stronger in spruce-dominated forest than in pine-dominated forest. A contributing factor might be that crown fire killed most trees in the spruce-dominated burn, but most of the large trees survived the ground fire in the pine-dominated burn.
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| 20. |
- Edenius, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of changing land use and browsing on aspen abundance and regeneration: a 50-year perspective from Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0021-8901 .- 1365-2664. ; 48, s. 301-309
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 5. Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that changes in land use practices are the main cause of changes in aspen abundance at regional and national scales in Sweden during the last 50 years. Restoring regeneration niches, most importantly emulating natural disturbance processes, viz. fire at various spatial scales, and retaining aspen in cleaning and pre-commercial thinnings are the most important management recommendations to secure regeneration of aspen. Protecting established aspen ramets at designated sites from browsing either by fencing or reducing ungulate numbers could be used as complementary management tools.
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| 21. |
- Edenius, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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The next common and widespread bunting to go? Global population decline in the Rustic Bunting Emberiza rustica
- 2017
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Ingår i: Bird Conservation International. - 0959-2709 .- 1474-0001. ; 27, s. 35-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Populations of several long-distance migratory songbirds in Eurasia are in peril, drastically illustrated by the recent range-wide population collapse in the Yellow-breasted Bunting Emberiza aureola. There are signals of a strong decline also in the Rustic Bunting E. rustica, but no range-wide assessment of population trends in this superabundant and widespread bunting species has yet been undertaken. The conservation status of Rustic Bunting is 'Least Concern' on the global IUCN Red List, but it has recently been upgraded to 'Vulnerable' on the European Red List. To assess the Rustic Bunting's global conservation status we compiled, for the first time, population data across its breeding and wintering ranges. The analysis reveals a 75-87% decline in overall population size over the last 30 years and a 32-91% decline over the last 10 years. The trend estimates indicate that the long-term (30-year) range-wide population decline in the Rustic Bunting is of similar magnitude to two well-known examples of declining species within the same genus, the Yellow-breasted Bunting and the Ortolan Bunting E. hortulana. The magnitude of the range-wide population decline over the last 10 years suggests that the Rustic Bunting could be upgraded from 'Least Concern' to 'Vulnerable' or 'Endangered' on the IUCN global Red List. Agricultural intensification in the wintering range and intensified levels of disturbance, including logging and fire, in the breeding range could be important drivers of the range-wide population decline, and persecution could also contribute. Untangling threat factors and their interactions on Rustic Bunting is necessary for conservation, but hampered by our currently limited understanding of the relationships between population dynamics and different threats.
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| 23. |
- Edenius, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Ungulate-adapted forest management: effects of slash treatment at harvest on forage availability and use
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Journal of Forest Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1612-4669 .- 1612-4677. ; 133, s. 191-198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forest management strongly influences the interactions between ungulates and their food resources. Different ungulate-adapted measures have been proposed in forestry to improve forage availability or to reduce browsing damage. However, the potential and feasibility of such measures are inadequately known. We studied the effects of harvest timing and slash treatment in final felling and commercial thinning on the availability of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris forage and its use by ungulates during winter in the Swedish boreal forests. Pellet group counts showed that moose (Alces alces) was the dominating species using the post-harvest stands. Under conventional slash treatment, final felling stands held on average 226 kg pine forage ha(-1) after harvesting and commercial thinning stands 137 kg ha(-1). Ungulate-adapted slash treatment increased the available forage biomass by 20 %, but had no significant effect on consumption of forage by ungulates. Time since harvest had the strongest effect on forage consumption; for example, under conventional slash treatment, there was a tenfold increase in consumption (3 vs. 33 kg ha(-1)) following final felling as exposure time increased from 2-3 to 4-5 months. Consumption was higher in thinned stands than in final felling stands for the first 3 months but not later. To increase ungulate use of the forage made available at harvest, pine-dominated stands should be harvested in the late autumn or early in the winter.
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