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- Backlund, L., et al.
(författare)
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P2RX7: Expression Responds to Sleep Deprivation and Associates with Rapid Cycling in Bipolar Disorder Type 1
- 2012
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Rapid cycling is a severe form of bipolar disorder with an increased rate of episodes that is particularly treatment-responsive to chronotherapy and stable sleep-wake cycles. We hypothesized that the P2RX7 gene would be affected by sleep deprivation and be implicated in rapid cycling. Objectives: To assess whether P2RX7 expression is affected by total sleep deprivation and if variation in P2RX7 is associated with rapid cycling in bipolar patients. Design: Gene expression analysis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy volunteers and case-case and case-control SNP/haplotype association analyses in patients. Participants: Healthy volunteers at the sleep research center, University of California, Irvine Medical Center (UCIMC), USA (n = 8) and Swedish outpatients recruited from specialized psychiatric clinics for bipolar disorder, diagnosed with bipolar disorder type 1 (n = 569; rapid cycling: n = 121) and anonymous blood donor controls (n = 1,044). Results: P2RX7 RNA levels were significantly increased during sleep deprivation in PBMCs from healthy volunteers (p = 2.3*10(-9)). The P2RX7 rs2230912_A allele was more common (OR = 2.2, p = 0.002) and the ACGTTT haplotype in P2RX7 (rs1718119 to rs1621388) containing the protective rs2230912_G allele (OR = 0.45-0.49, p = 0.003-0.005) was less common, among rapid cycling cases compared to non-rapid cycling bipolar patients and blood donor controls. Conclusions: Sleep deprivation increased P2RX7 expression in healthy persons and the putatively low-activity P2RX7 rs2230912 allele A variant was associated with rapid cycling in bipolar disorder. This supports earlier findings of P2RX7 associations to affective disorder and is in agreement with that particularly rapid cycling patients have a more vulnerable diurnal system.
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- Bergman, I. M., et al.
(författare)
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A two-nucleotide deletion renders the mannose-binding lectin 2 (MBL2) gene nonfunctional in Danish Landrace and Duroc pigs
- 2014
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Ingår i: Immunogenetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0093-7711 .- 1432-1211. ; 66:3, s. 171-184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mannose-binding lectins (MBLs) are central components of innate immunity, facilitating phagocytosis and inducing the lectin activation pathway of the complement system. Previously, it has been found that certain single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in porcine MBL1 and MBL2 (pMBL1, pMBL2) affect mRNA expression, serum concentration, and susceptibility to disease, but the combinatory effect of pMBL1 and pMBL2 genotypes needs further elucidation. In the present study, pMBL1 and pMBL2 alleles, combined pMBL haplotypes, and MBL-A concentration in serum were analyzed in purebred Landrace (N = 30) and Duroc (N = 10) pigs. Furthermore, the combined pMBL haplotypes of 89 PiStrain x (Large White x Landrace) crossbred pigs were studied, and the genotypes of 67 crossbreds challenged with Escherichia coli were compared to their individual disease records. In the purebred animals, three non-synonymous SNPs and a two-nucleotide deletion were detected in the coding sequence of pMBL2. The two-nucleotide deletion was present at a frequency of 0.88 in the Landrace pigs and 0.90 in the Duroc pigs, respectively. In the crossbreds, the T allele of the SNP G949T in pMBL1-previously shown to have profound effect on MBL-A concentration even in the heterozygote condition-was detected in 47 % of the animals. Finally, an association was found between low-producing MBL genotypes and low body weight on the day of weaning in the same animals.
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- Blackwood, Sarah J, et al.
(författare)
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Elevated heart rate and decreased muscle endothelial nitric oxide synthase in early development of insulin resistance.
- 2024
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : American Physiological Society. - 0193-1849 .- 1522-1555.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Insulin resistance (IR) is a risk factor for the development of several major metabolic diseases. Muscle fiber composition is established early in life and is associated with insulin sensitivity. Hence, muscle fiber composition was used to identify early defects in the development of IR in healthy young individuals in the absence of clinical manifestations. Biopsies were obtained from the thigh muscle, followed by an intravenous glucose tolerance test. Indices of insulin action were calculated and cardiovascular measurements, analyses of blood and muscle were performed. Whole-body insulin sensitivity (SIgalvin) was positively related to expression of type I muscle fibers (r=0.49; P<0.001) and negatively related to resting heart rate (HR, r=-0.39; P<0.001), which was also negatively related to expression of type I muscle fibers (r=-0.41; P<0.001). Muscle protein expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), whose activation results in vasodilation, was measured in two subsets of subjects expressing a high percentage of type I fibers (59±6%; HR = 57±9 beats/min; SIgalvin = 1.8±0.7 units) or low percentage of type I fibers (30±6%; HR = 71±11; SIgalvin = 0.8±0.3 units; P<0.001 for all variables vs. first group). eNOS expression was: 1. higher in subjects with high type I expression; 2. almost two-fold higher in pools of type I vs. II fibers; 3. only detected in capillaries surrounding muscle fibers; and 4. linearly associated with SIgalvin. These data demonstrate that an altered function of the autonomic nervous system and a compromised capacity for vasodilation in the microvasculature occur early in the development of IR.
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- Edman Ahlbom, Bodil, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular analysis of chromosome 21 in a patient with a phenotype of down syndrome and apparently normal karyotype
- 1996
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Ingår i: American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A. - 1552-4825 .- 1552-4833. ; 63:4, s. 566-572
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Down syndrome (DS) is caused in most cases by the presence of an extra chromosome 21. It has been shown that the DS phenotype is produced by duplication of only a small part of the long arm of chromosome 21, the 21q22 region, including and distal to locus D21S55. We present molecular investigations on a woman with clinically typical DS but apparently normal chromosomes. Her parents were consanguineous and she had a sister with a DS phenotype, who died at the age of 15 days. Repeated cytogenetic investigations (G-banding and high resolution banding) on the patient and her parents showed apparently normal chromosomes. Autoradiographs of quantitative Southern blots of DNAs from the patient, her parents, trisomy 21 patients, and normal controls were analyzed after hybridization with unique DNA sequences regionally mapped on chromosome 21. Sequences D21S59, D21S1, D21S11, D21S8, D21S17, D21S55, ERG, D21S15, D21S112, and COL6A1 were all found in two copies. Fluorescent in situ hybridization with a chromosome 21-specific genomic library showed no abnormalities and only two copies of chromosome 21 were detected. Nineteen markers from the critical region studied with polymerase chain reaction amplification of di- and tetranucleotide repeats did not indicate any partial trisomy 21. From this study we conclude that the patient does not have any partial submicroscopic trisomy for any segment of chromosome 21. It seems reasonable to assume that she suffers from an autosomal recessive disorder which is phenotypically indistinguishable from DS.
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- Edman, K. A.P., et al.
(författare)
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Release of calcium into the myofibrillar space in response to active shortening of striated muscle
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica. - : Wiley. - 1748-1716 .- 1748-1708. ; 221:2, s. 142-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The study was undertaken to explore whether shortening of striated muscle during activity is associated with release of bound Ca2+ into the myofibrillar space as has previously been proposed in order to explain the depressant effect of active shortening. Methods: The experiments were carried out on single muscle fibres isolated from the anterior tibialis muscle of Rana temporaria. The fibres were loaded with the calcium sensitive indicator Fluo-3. The fibres, stimulated to produce a partially fused isometric tetanus, were subjected to a shortening ramp or, alternatively, to a stretch ramp during activity while force, fibre length, sarcomere length and the Fluo-3 signal were recorded. Results: A shortening ramp performed during a partially fused tetanus caused an increase in the myofibrillar free calcium concentration and produced, simultaneously, a decrease in active force. The isometric force recovered gradually after the shortening ramp, while the intracellular Ca2+ concentration stayed above the control level during the remainder of the stimulation period. A stretch ramp applied during a partially fused tetanus caused a considerably smaller change in the myofibrillar Ca2+ concentration. Conclusion: The results provide evidence that the myosin cross-bridges interact with the calcium binding sites on the thin filaments during active shortening, causing sustained release of calcium and reduced contractile strength.
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- Garpvall, K., et al.
(författare)
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Admission screening and cohort care decrease carbapenem resistant enterobacteriaceae in Vietnamese pediatric ICUs
- 2021
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Ingår i: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control. - : BMC. - 2047-2994. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To assess if admission screening for Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and cohort care can reduce CRE acquisition (CRE colonization during hospital stay), Hospital Acquired Infections (HAI), hospital-stay, mortality, and costs in three Intensive Care Units (ICUs) at the Vietnamese National Childrens Hospital. Method CRE screening using rectal swabs and ChromIDCarbas elective culture at admission and if CRE negative, once weekly. Patients were treated in cohorts based on CRE colonization status. Results CRE colonization at baseline point-prevalence screening was 76.9% (103/134). Of 941 CRE screened at admission, 337 (35.8%) were CREpos. 694 patients met inclusion criteria. The 244 patients CRE negative at admission and screened > 2 times were stratified in 8 similar size groups (periods), based on time of admission. CRE acquisition decreased significant (OR - 3.2, p < 0.005) from 90% in period 2 (highest) to 48% in period 8 (last period). Patients with CRE acquisition compared to no CRE acquisition had a significantly higher rate of culture confirmed HAI, n = 20 (14%) vs. n = 2 (2%), longer hospital stays, 3.26 vs. 2.37 weeks, and higher total treatment costs, 2852 vs. 2295 USD. Conclusion Admission CRE screening and cohort care in pediatric ICUs significantly decreased CRE acquisition, cases of HAI and duration of hospital-stay.
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