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- Brauner, A, et al.
(författare)
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Psoriasin, a novel anti-Candida albicans adhesin
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1440 .- 0946-2716. ; 96:6, s. 537-545
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Ehrstrom, M, et al.
(författare)
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Physiological regulation and NO-dependent inhibition of migrating myoelectric complex in the rat small bowel by OXA
- 2003
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Ingår i: American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 0193-1857 .- 1522-1547. ; 285:4, s. G688-G695
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Orexin A (OXA)-positive neurons are found in the lateral hypothalamic area and the enteric nervous system. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of OXA action on small bowel motility. Electrodes were implanted in the serosa of the rat small intestine for recordings of myoelectric activity during infusion of saline or OXA in naive rats, vagotomized rats, rats pretreated with guanethidine (3 mg/kg) or Nω-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA; 1 mg/kg). Naive rats were given a bolus of the orexin receptor-1 (OX1R) antagonist (SB-334867-A; 10 mg/kg), and the effect of both OXA and SB-334867-A on fasting motility was studied. Double-label immunocytochemistry with primary antibodies against OXA, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and OX1R was performed. OXA induced a dose-dependent prolongation of the cycle length of the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) and, in the higher doses, replaced the activity fronts with an irregular spiking pattern. Vagotomy or pretreatment with guanethidine failed to prevent the response to OXA. The OXA-induced effect on the MMC cycle length was completely inhibited by pretreatment with l-NNA ( P < 0.05), as did SB-334867-A. The OX1R antagonist shortened the MMC cycle length from 14.1 (12.0–23.5) to 11.0 (9.5–14.7) min ( P < 0.05) during control and treatment periods, respectively. Colocalization of OXA and nNOS was observed in myenteric neurons of the duodenum and nerve fibers in the circular muscle. Our results indicate that OXA inhibition of the MMC involves the OX1R and that activation of a l-arginine/NO pathway possibly originating from OX1R/nNOS-containing neurons in the myenteric plexus may mediate this effect. Endogenous OXA may have a physiological role in regulating the MMC.
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- Naslund, E, et al.
(författare)
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Localization and effects of orexin on fasting motility in the rat duodenum
- 2002
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Ingår i: American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 0193-1857 .- 1522-1547. ; 282:3, s. G470-G479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The orexins [orexin A (OXA) and orexin B (OXB)] are novel neuropeptides that increase food intake in rodents. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of orexin and orexin receptors (OX1R and OX2R) in the rat duodenum and examine the effects of intravenous orexin on fasting gut motility. OXA-like immunoreactivity was found in varicose nerve fibers in myenteric and submucosal ganglia, the circular muscle, the mucosa, submucosal and myenteric neurons, and numerous endocrine cells of the mucosa. OXA neurons displayed choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity, and a subset contained vasoactive intestinal peptide. OXA-containing endocrine cells were identified as enterochromaffin (EC) cells based on the presence of 5-hydroxytryptamine immunoreactivity. OX1R was expressed by neural elements of the gut, and EC cells expressed OX2R. OXA at 100 and 500 pmol · kg−1 · min−1significantly increased the myoelectric motor complex (MMC) cycle length compared with saline. Similarly, OXB increased the MMC cycle length at 100 pmol · kg−1 · min−1, but there was no further effect at 500 pmol · kg−1 · min−1. We postulate that orexins may affect the MMC through actions on enteric neurotransmission after being released from EC cells and/or enteric neurons.
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