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| 2. |
- Boman, Åse, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Conceptions of Diabetes and Diabetes Care in Young People With Minority Backgrounds.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Qualitative Health Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 1049-7323 .- 1552-7557. ; 25:1, s. 5-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) need stable self-care routines for good metabolic control to minimize future cardiovascular health complications. These routines are demanding, and might be particularly challenging in underprivileged groups. The aim of this study was to gain in-depth knowledge on the experience of adolescents with T1DM and a non-Swedish background regarding factors that might influence their ability to take care of themselves; in particular, factors that might influence diabetes management routines, their social situation, and the support they receive from caregivers. We interviewed 12 adolescents with T1DM and minority backgrounds. The results indicated resources and constraints in the adolescents' social context and in the health care organization. The adolescents developed conceptions that helped to explain and excuse their self-care failures, and their successes. These findings highlight the importance of integrating T1DM as part of the individual's personal prerequisites. We discuss implications for the organization of diabetes care for adolescents.
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| 3. |
- Boman, Åse, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Health care to empower self-care in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus and an immigrant minority background
- 2017
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Ingår i: Sage Open medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 2050-3121 .- 2050-3121. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The pediatric diabetes team aims to support health, quality of life, and normal growth and development among adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Adolescents with an immigrant background have been found less successful in self-care. Previous research indicated that adolescents who had integrated the disease as a part of their self-image reasoned differently about their self-care to those who had not. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify elements in the patient–pediatrician consultations that might influence such integration of the disease among adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A total of 12 pediatrician–adolescent consultations were video-recorded and analyzed. The adolescents all had an immigrant background. Results: Integration of the disease appeared enabled when responsibility was shared; when hope, autonomy, and emotions were confirmed; and when the pediatrician asked probing questions. Letting objective data dominate the adolescent’s experiences, using risk as a motivator, neutralizing emotions in relation to having diabetes, and confirming forgetfulness, may instead inhibit disease integration. Conclusion: An extended person-centered approach with focus on the adolescent’s experiences of everyday life with a chronic disease and less attention on physical parameters in the pediatrician–adolescent consultations may increase integration of the disease.
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| 5. |
- Eklöf, Mats, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Are simple feedback interventions involving workplace data associated with better working environment and health? A cluster randomized controlled study among Swedish VDU workers
- 2006
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Ingår i: Appl Ergon. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-6870. ; 37:2, s. 201-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To test whether feedback and discussion of ergonomic and psychosocial working environment data during 1 short session with individual, groups, or supervisors of VDU workers had effects on (1) the quality of implemented modifications in workplace design, working technique, or psychosocial aspects; (2) psychological demands, decision latitude, and social support; (3) comfort during computer work, emotional stress, and prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms or eye discomfort. METHODS: Thirty-six workgroups from 9 organizations were randomized to 3 feedback conditions (individual, workgroup, supervisor) or control. Follow-up was 6 months after intervention. Questionnaire data aggregated on the workgroup level were used. RESULTS: Effect (positive) on social support was indicated from feedback to supervisors. Conclusion: Feedback and discussion of ergonomic and psychosocial working environment data with supervisors of white-collar VDU workers may have positive effect on social support measured as a group characteristic. Sources of potential bias are discussed.
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| 6. |
- Eklöf, Mats, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Feedback of workplace data to individual workers, workgroups or supervisors as a way to stimulate working environment activity: a cluster randomized controlled study.
- 2004
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Ingår i: International archives of occupational and environmental health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 77:7, s. 505-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To test whether feedback and discussion of ergonomic and psychosocial working-environment data during one short session with individual, groups or supervisors of white-collar computer workers had an effect on activity to modify workplace design, working technique and psychosocial aspects of work. METHODS: A total of 36 workgroups from nine organizations representing different trades was randomized (stratified for organization) to three feedback conditions or control with no feedback. Data were collected 1 month before and 6 months after feedback sessions. The effects studied were: (1) change in the proportion of workgroup members who reported any modification regarding workplace design or working technique; (2) change in the proportion of workgroup members who reported any modification regarding psychosocial aspects; (3) average number of modification types regarding workplace design or working technique per individual in a workgroup; (4) average number of modification types regarding psychosocial aspects per individual in a workgroup. RESULTS: All feedback conditions differed positively from controls regarding change in the proportion of workgroup members who reported any modification in workplace design or working technique. No such effect was found for psychosocial aspects. For change in average number of psychosocial modification types per individual in a workgroup an effect was observed for feedback to supervisors. No intervention effect was observed for the average number of modifications in workplace design or working technique per individual in a workgroup. CONCLUSION: Feedback and discussion of ergonomic and psychosocial working-environment data during one short session with individual, groups or supervisors of white-collar computer workers may have a positive effect on how many people in a workgroup modify (or have modifications done regarding) workplace design and working technique. Feedback to supervisors may have an effect on the average number of psychosocial modification types per individual in a workgroup. Feedback to group supervisors appeared to be the most cost-effective variant.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Eklöf, Mats, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Organizational and social-psychological conditions in healthcare and their importance for patient and staff safety. A critical incident study among doctors and nurses
- 2014
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Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535. ; 70, s. 211-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on patient safety has indicated that focusing on technologies, routines, control systems, and individual caregiver attributes is not sufficient. The aim of this critical-incident interview study was to identify organizational and social-psychological conditions and processes that Swedish physicians and nurses (n = 36) perceived as important for patient and/or staff safety, and participative safety behavior. Injury due to psychological overload was the most salient type of healthcare worker hazard. Patient and healthcare worker safety went hand in hand. Good patient safety was present when caregivers had good access to their psychological and social capacities. These functions were jeopardized by stress. Our results indicated that quantitative overload, excessive cognitive and emotional complexity, lack of social support and good teamwork, organizational instability, and distrust for and frustration with the way healthcare organizations were managed, caused stress related function impairment in staff, which lead to mistakes and near misses. These aspects also in themselves contributed to risks. Good safety was associated with adequate resources and routines, workplace learning, and supportive unit level managers and colleagues. Features of professional cultures related to ethical norms to offer best possible care for the patient, in spite of insufficient resources, contributed to acceptance of working conditions that could lead to stress and overload.
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| 11. |
- Eriksson, Jesper, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Early inequalities in excellent health and performance among young adult women and men in Sweden.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Gender medicine : official journal of the Partnership for Gender-Specific Medicine at Columbia University. - : Excerpta Medica, Inc.. - 1550-8579 .- 1878-7398. ; 4:2, s. 170-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Although health inequality between young adult women and men has been strikingly evident in symptoms of ill health, we found no studies examining these inequalities with a focus on positive health and performance. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to examine possible inequalities between young adult women and men in a combined assessment of positive health and health-related performance. METHODS: Women and men aged 18 to 25 years studying medicine or computer science at 6 colleges/universities in 5 cities in Sweden were recruited for this study. All respondents answered a Web-based questionnaire regarding health, health-related performance, information and communication technology exposure, mood, and individual factors. A combined assessment of excellent health and health-related performance (EHHP) was defined and tested. Prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% CIs of EHHP were calculated separately for female and male respondents. To assess potential determinants of EHHP, differences in the relationships between EHHP and the explanatory factors were compared for both sexes. Results: In a study group of young adult students consisting of 1046 women and 1312 men, women were less likely than men to have EHHP (PR 0.90 [95% CI, 0.83-0.98]). This inequality was even stronger within each course of study (medicine or computer science). Health-related factors showed similar patterns of relationship to EHHP for women and men; however, the strength of these relationships differed between the sexes. Logical relationships were observed between EHHP and almost all of the symptoms as well as between EHHP, the mood index, and health-related behavior. CONCLUSIONS: The well-known inequality in symptoms of ill health between young adult women and men was prevalent even in a combined assessment of positive health and health-related performance. That this inequality was prevalent in a relatively homogeneous sample of young adults indicates the importance of gender-based psychological and psychosocial factors beyond the more well-known structural gender-differentiating factors of vertical and horizontal segregation and disproportional responsibilities for domestic work. It may therefore be essential to emphasize these gender-based psychological and psychosocial factors when designing future studies and health promotion programs.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Larsman, Pernilla, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescents' risk perceptions in relation to risk behavior with long-term health consequences; antecedents and outcomes: A literature review
- 2012
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Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535. ; 50:9, s. 1740-1748
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a need for a systematic literature review focusing on adolescents' risk perceptions in relation to risk behavior with long-term health consequences with delayed onset. The aim of this literature review was to review the results of such empirical studies, and to interpret these results from a general risk psychology perspective. Special focus was on factors influencing adolescents' risk perceptions, and on the risk perceptions - risk behavior relationship. Literature searches were conducted in the PsycInfo, PubMed, and Cinahl databases. In total 51 journal articles were included in the review. Evidence, although inconsistent, was found for age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, close exposure to negative outcome, perceived control, and knowledge, stereotyping and misconceptions as covariates of risk perceptions. Evidence was found both for a negative and a positive association between risk perceptions and risk behavior. The results suggest that the adolescent's risk perception, knowledge, perceived control (response- and self-efficacy) as well as benefits and costs of health behavior must be well balanced. Any agent, such as care providers, aiming at encouraging adolescents to take active responsibility for their long term health, must be able to determine each young person's status regarding these issues concomitantly, in order not to evoke risk denial, exaggerated unrealistic optimism, or impaired mental wellbeing. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. RAHAM SCS, 1995, HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH, V10, P155
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| 14. |
- Löve, Jesper, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Inequalities in maintenance of health and performance between young adult women and men in higher education.
- 2009
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Ingår i: European journal of public health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-360X .- 1101-1262. ; 19:2, s. 168-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Because of ageing populations, most high-income countries are facing an imminent scarcity of labour. Maintenance of health and performance in young adults therefore becomes a crucial prerequisite for sustainable societies. One major obstruction to this accomplishment is the striking health inequalities between young women and young men. Previously these inequalities have mainly been studied in a cross-sectional way, focusing on ill-health. In this study, we compared the prevalence of maintained health and performance between young adult women and men and the predictors for this outcome. METHODS: The cohort consisted of 1266 participants from a homogenous sample of university students in Sweden. A combined assessment of self-rated 'very good' health and un-impaired performance took place at three time points (i.e. maintained health and performance). Potential predictors covered stable conditions in health-related behaviours, conditions at work/school and work-home interference. RESULTS: Young women had less maintained health and performance than young men. No major differences in predictors were found. However, there was a tendency for psychosocial factors to be the most important predictors, especially in women. CONCLUSIONS: That young women had less maintained health and performance in a homogenous sample beyond well-known differentiating factors suggests explanations other than observable structural differences between the sexes. This was also indicated by the importance attached to perceived demands, and work-home interference, especially in women. The combination of less scheduled, and more unscheduled, schoolwork (i.e. time-flexibility) negatively affected the maintenance of health and performance in our study population, suggesting a focus for future studies.
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| 17. |
- Pousette, Anders, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Intervention för förbättrat säkerhetsledarskap
- 2013
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Ingår i: FALF 2013. Arbetslivets föränderlighet: Individ-, organisations-, och metodperspektiv.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 18. |
- Pousette, Anders, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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The relationship between patient safety climate and occupational safety climate in healthcare – A multi-level investigation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Safety Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-4375. ; 61, s. 187-198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Patient safety climate/culture is attracting increasing research interest, but there is little research on its relation with organizational climates regarding other target domains. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between patient safety climate and occupational safety climate in healthcare. Method: The climates were assessed using two questionnaires:Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture and Nordic Occupational Safety Climate Questionnaire. The final sample consisted of 1154 nurses, 886 assistant nurses, and 324 physicians, organized in 150 work units, within hospitals (117 units), primary healthcare (5 units) and elderly care (28 units) in western Sweden, which represented 56% of the original sample contacted. Results: Within each type of safety climate, two global dimensions were confirmed in a higher order factor analysis; one with an external focus relative the own unit, and one with an internal focus. Two methods were used to estimate the covariation between the global climate dimensions, in order to minimize the influence of bias from common method variance. First multilevel analysis was used for partitioning variances and covariances in a within unit part (individual level) and a between unit part (unit level). Second, a split sample technique was used to calculate unit level correlations based on aggregated observations from different respondents. Both methods showed associations similar in strength between the patient safety climate and the occupational safety climate domains. Conclusions: The results indicated that patient safety climate and occupational safety climate are strongly positively related at the unit level, and that the same organizational processes may be important for the development of both types of organizational climate. Practical applications: Safety improvement interventions should not be separated in different organizational processes, but be planned so that both patient safety and staff safety are considered concomitantly.
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| 19. |
- Stave, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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An intervention method for occupational safety in farming : evaluation of the effect and process
- 2007
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Ingår i: Applied Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-6870 .- 1872-9126. ; 38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to increase safety in Swedish farming an intervention methodology to influence attitudes and behaviour was tested. Eightyeight farmers and farm workers in nine groups gathered on seven occasions during 1 year. The basic concept was to create socially supportive networks and encourage discussions and reflection, focusing on risk manageability. Six of the groups made structured incident/accident analyses. Three of the latter groups also received information on risks and accident consequences. Effects were evaluated in a pre-post questionnaire using six-graded scales. A significant increase in safety activity and significant reduction in stress and risk acceptance was observed in the total sample. Risk perception and perceived risk manageability did not change. Analysing incidents/accidents, but not receiving information, showed a more positive outcome. Qualitative data indicated good feasibility and that the long duration of the intervention was perceived as necessary. The socially supportive network was reported as beneficial for the change process. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Thomée, Sara, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of perceived stress, symptoms of depression and sleep disturbances in relation to information and communication technology (ICT) use among young adults - an explorative prospective study
- 2007
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Ingår i: Computers in Human Behavior. ; 23:3, s. 1300-1321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate whether high quantity of information and communication technology (ICT) use is a risk factor for developing psychological symptoms among young ICT users. A cohort of college students responded to a questionnaire at baseline and at 1-year follow-up (n = 1127). Exposure variables, such as different types of ICT use, and effect variables, such as perceived stress, symptoms of depression and sleep disturbances, were assessed. Prevalence ratios were computed, based on symptom-free subjects at baseline and prevalence of symptoms at follow-up. For women, high combined use of computer and mobile phone at baseline was associated with increased risk of reporting prolonged stress and symptoms of depression at follow-up, and number of short message service (SMS) messages per day was associated with prolonged stress. Also online chatting was associated with prolonged stress, and e-mailing and online chatting were associated with symptoms of depression, while Internet surfing increased the risk of developing sleep disturbances. For men, number of mobile phone calls and SMS messages per day were associated with sleep disturbances. SMS use was also associated with symptoms of depression. The findings suggest that ICT may have an impact on psychological health, although causal mechanisms are unclear.
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| 23. |
- Törner, Marianne, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Hälsa och framgång! Organisationsklimat för hälsa, säkerhet, innovation och effektivitet
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- För att en konkurrensutsatt organisation ska vara framgångsrik på längre sikt så måste den hålla god effektivitet och produktivitet för att klara lönsamheten i global konkurrens, och upprätthålla god kvalitet inom ramen för hårt begränsade resurser. Men god effektivitet just nu är inte tillräckligt. Långsiktig framgång kräver också att man kan erbjuda goda arbetsförhållanden så att de anställda mår bra och inte kommer till skada, trivs med arbetet och är motiverade att göra ett bra jobb efter bästa förmåga. Dessutom måste organisationen vara innovativ, så att den kan ligga i framkant beträffande nya idéer och innovationer som kan tas i bruk för att utveckla verksamhet och produkter. Dessa mål kan kopplas till olika domänspecifika typer av organisationsklimat, exempelvis innovativitet, där ett sådant klimat utgörs av gemensamma perceptioner av hur organisationen värderar den specifika domänen, t.ex. innovativitet. Olika organisatoriska värden kan vara motsägelsefulla, såsom beskrivs i Competing values framework (CVF) (Quinn & Rohrbaugh, 1983). Detta gäller därmed även domänspecifika klimat. Exempelvis kan risktagande och ett klimat som stöder risktagande gynna innovatititet, medan det kan vara negativt för säkerheten eller den kortsiktiga effektiviteten. Organisationers framhävande av betydelsen att samtidigt nå olika typer av mål kan därför upplevas som paradoxala och ge upphov till målkonflikter. Lewis (2000) underströk betydelsen av att kunna hantera paradoxer i organisationer och föreslog transcendens som ett sätt för detta, d.v.s. ett andra ordningens tänkande där förhärskande antaganden undersöks för att konstruera ett ackommoderande perspektiv på motsatser. I detta projekt undersökte vi hur säkerhetsklimat, arbetshälsoklimat, innovativt klimat, produktionseffektivitetsklimat och formellt klimat, representerande de fyra kvadranterna i Competing values framework, relaterade till fyra essentiella organisatoriska utfall: anställdas hälsa och säkerhet, team effektivitet och innovationer. Vi undersökte även om ett ”G-faktorklimat” kunde identifieras som grep över de domänspecifika klimaten och som predicerade samtliga fyra utfall. Om så var fallet var ett tredje syfte att undersöka om denna klimat-G-faktor kunde ersättas av en G-faktor som indikerades av ett urval klimatfrågor som identifierats att representera innehållet i begreppet Perceived Organizational Support (POS), d.v.s. anställdas perceptioner att organisationen uppskattar deras bidrag och bryr sig om deras hälsa och välbefinnande (Eisenberger, Huntington, Hutchison, & Sowa, 1986). Om ett POS-relaterat G-faktorklimat identifierades ville vi undersöka om det hade betydande prediktivt värde för utfallen anställdas hälsa och säkerhet, team effektivitet och innovationer. Projektet genomfördes som en enkätstudie till fyra stora företag i Sverige, två inom gruvnäring och två inom bygg och anläggning. 894 av 1366 utvalda produktionsarbetare (65%), fördelade på 146 arbetsgrupper, besvarade enkäten. Eftersom organisationsklimat är ett socialt gemensamt fenomen gjordes samtliga analyser på arbetsgruppsnivå. Resultaten visade att en högre-ordningens G-faktor förklarade en substantiell mängd av den gemensamma variationen i de domänspecifika organisationsklimaten. Innehållet i G-faktorn kunde delvis representeras av POS. POS-G-faktorn predicerade utfallen anställdas sjukfrånvaro, olyckserfarenhet, team effektivitet och innovationer i likartad grad som de domänspecifika klimaten. Resultaten indikerar att POS representerar ett högre-ordningens organisationsklimat, och är en prediktor för centrala organisatoriska utfall. Att som en överordnad ledningsprincip erbjuda organisatoriskt stöd kan hjälpa de anställda att sammanjämka viktiga men synbarligen konflikterande organisatoriska mål. Som sådant kan POS underlätta hantering av paradoxer i organisationer genom transcendens (Lewis, 2000). Utvecklingen av POS understöds i en organisation som, genom sin ledning och sina organisatoriska strukturer, på ett övertygande och genuint sätt visar att man respekterar och värderar sina medarbetare genom att visa omsorg om dessas välbefinnande, och som visar uppskattning för medarbetarnas bidrag genom att inbjuda till delaktighet och ge stöd för medarbetarna att utföra sitt arbete väl. Vi menar att en sådan organisation erbjuder en källa för god självkänsla och bidrar till att fylla medarbetarnas existentiella behov av mål och mening. En sådan psykosocial miljö understödja även utvecklingen av tillitsfulla gruppklimat och ger aktörerna tillgång till såväl egna som kollektiva resurser och möjlighet och motivation att fullt ut utnyttja en bred repertoar av ageranden för att utföra sitt arbete på ett sätt som är tillfredsställande för såväl den anställda själv, som för organisationen.
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