1. |
- Burman, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Deaths Among Adult Patients With Hypopituitarism: Hypocortisolism During Acute Stress, and De Novo Malignant Brain Tumors Contribute to an Increased Mortality
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 98:4, s. 1466-1475
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Patients with hypopituitarism have an increased standardized mortality rate. The basis for Objective: To investigate in detail the cause of death in a large cohort of patients with hypopituitarism Design and Methods: All-cause and cause-specific mortality in 1286 Swedish patients with Main Outcome Measures: Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were calculated, with stratification for Results: An excess mortality was found, 120 deaths vs 84.3 expected, SMR 1.42 (95% confidence Conclusion: Two important causes of excess mortality were identified: first, adrenal crisis in response
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2. |
- Ekman, Inger, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Can treatment with ACE-inhibitors in elderly patients with moderate to severe heart failure be improved by a nurse-monitored structured care program?
- 2003
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Ingår i: Heart & Lung. - 0147-9563. ; 32:1, s. 3-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Can treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in elderly patients with moderate to severe chronic heart failure be improved by a nurse-monitored structured care program? A randomized controlled trial. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine whether a nurse-monitored structured care program resulted in a more effective use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in elderly patients compared with standard care in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). METHODS: Hospitalized patients were screened to identify individuals with CHF, age more than 65 years, New York Heart Association classification III to IV, and no contraindications to ACE inhibitor treatment. One hundred forty-five patients were randomized to a nurse-monitored structured care program that included uptitration of enalapril to a target dose of 10 mg twice a day or to standard care. Six-month follow-up data were collected. RESULTS: The mean age of the randomized patients was 81 years. Although the proportion of patients treated with an ACE inhibitor did not differ between structured care (70%) and standard care (64%), the number of patients with the target ACE inhibitor dose was significantly higher in the structured care group (26% versus 11% in the standard care group; P <.018). Treatment had to be discontinued in 26% of the patients because of adverse effects. CONCLUSION: The patients in this study were older than in previous intervention studies and had considerable comorbidity and reduced tolerance for ACE inhibitors. ACE inhibitor treatment was underused but improved with the structured care program, although achieved treatment levels were below those in the large intervention trials in patients with CHF.
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3. |
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Learning Regional Innovation : Scandinavian Models
- 2011
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- While the distinction between science driven and experience driven innovation is well known and much commented on, the point that experience driven innovation demands broad participation, not only within the individual enterprise but across the whole labour market, is less well recognized. When innovation first started to attract attention, the focus was on how to create innovation. In the light of the current crisis, a new question has entered the agenda: how to create socially responsible innovation?Participation and social responsibility in innovation are the core themes of this book. The main argument is that both are issues of organization and not of, say, ethics, or the enforcement of other forms of obligations on individual actors. The need is for a democratization of innovation that can make innovation open to broad participation, scrutiny from many positions, and influence from different interest groups without, however, losing the forward momentum.The organization of processes that can carry forward socially responsible innovation is, in turn, dependent upon public-private co-operation. This needs, however, to be a co-operation that expresses itself in terms of joint development processes, not traditional regulation.Combining experience driven innovation, broad participation and development oriented public-private co-operation, this book demonstrates that Scandinavia offers a unique arena of experience. It is a further argument that insofar as there is a 'systems response' to the present crisis, it lies in the direction of broader diffusion of this kind of pattern.Since the arguments of this book are built on practical experience, it does not seek to establish a set of abstract 'musts' without views on implementation, but rather points at the processes that can be initiated to create movement in the right direction.
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4. |
- Angelis, Stavros, et al.
(författare)
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Research Community Evaluation Report : Europeana Cloud Deliverable 1.7
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report deals with three Evaluation Workshops organized by ATHENA R.C that took place as part of research undertaken in Work Package 1 of the Europeana Cloud (eCloud) project (2013-16). The workshops were linked to WP3 iterative development cycle, and intended to provide feedback regarding the usefulness, as against usability, of tools and service prototypes within Europeana Cloud and their fitness-for-purpose with regard to the requirements analysis and user-centred design of Europeana Research.
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5. |
- Angelis, Stavros, et al.
(författare)
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User Requirements Analysis and Case Studies Report. Content Strategy Report. : Europeana Cloud Deliverable 1.3 and 1.6: User Requirements Analysis and Case Studies Report (1.3) and Content Strategy Report (1.6)
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present Deliverable (1.3) comprises of two joint reports: former Deliverable 1.3 (User Requirements and Case Studies report) and Deliverable 1.6 (Content Strategy Report). As a product of a multi-scale, interdisciplinary effort, Deliverable 1.3 (User Requirements and Case Studies report / Content Strategy Report) employs a multi-faceted approach to make sense of the information needs and behaviour of Humanities and Social Sciences researchers both within and outside the Europeana ecosystem, while achieving profound understanding of the ways these communities interact with existing Europeana content and metadata. Through extensive and widely-levelled empirical research (Case Studies, Web Survey, Interviews, Focus Groups) complimented by thorough desk research (Literature review, study of particular thematic areas), and building on work previously conducted in the context of other Digital Humanities Research Infrastructures (DARIAH, EHRI, ARIADNE, NeDiMAH) Work Package 1 managed to reach a long list of non-prioritized User Requirements as well as a set of flexible Content Recommendations for the upcoming development of Europeana Research.
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6. |
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7. |
- Axelson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Health financing for the poor produces promising short-term effects on utilization and out-of-pocket expenditure: evidence from Vietnam
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal for Equity in Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-9276. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Vietnam introduced the Health Care Fund for the Poor in 2002 to increase access to health care and reduce the financial burden of health expenditure faced by the poor and ethnic minorities. It is often argued that effects of financing reforms take a long time to materialize. This study evaluates the short-term impact of the program to determine if pro-poor financing programs can achieve immediate effects on health care utilization and out-of-pocket expenditure. Method: Considering that the program is a non-random policy initiative rolled out nationally, we apply propensity score matching with both single differences and double differences to data from the Vietnam Household Living Standards Surveys 2002 (pre-program data) and 2004 (first post-program data). Results: We find a small, positive impact on overall health care utilization. We find evidence of two substitution effects: from private to public providers and from primary to secondary and tertiary level care. Finally, we find a strong negative impact on out-of-pocket health expenditure. Conclusion: The results indicate that the Health Care Fund for the Poor is meeting its objectives of increasing utilization and reducing out-of-pocket expenditure for the program's target population, despite numerous administrative problems resulting in delayed and only partial implementation in most provinces. The main lessons for low and middle-income countries from Vietnam's early experiences with the Health Care Fund for the Poor are that it managed to achieve positive outcomes in a short time-period, the need to ensure adequate and sustained funding for targeted programs, including marginal administrative costs, develop effective targeting mechanisms and systems for informing beneficiaries and providers about the program, respond to the increased demand for health care generated by the program, address indirect costs of health care utilization, and establish and maintain routine and systematic monitoring and evaluation mechanisms.
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8. |
- Benardou, Agiatis, et al.
(författare)
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State of the art report on digital research practices, tools and scholarly content use : Deliverable D1.2
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This document constitutes desk research to analyse the current situation related to digital research practices, tools and content for the humanities and social sciences research communities and it comprises of three Milestones submitted separately in the course of the first nine months of the Project, each corresponding to digital research practices, tools and content respectively. Moreover, this report will serve as an exploratory stage which will provide the basis for the confirmation stage, that is the web survey undertaken within Task 1.3, relying heavily on work previously presented in Deliverable 1.1 (Research Communities Identification and Definition Report), in which the humanities and social sciences research communities were largely identified. The Research Communities Web Survey (T.1.3.4), which has been completed and is currently being processed, encompasses - amongst others -questions pertaining to the activities undertaken by Humanities and Social Sciences researchers, as well as questions regarding the use of content and metadata. This current document provides the background work which guided the design of the Web Survey and is meant to complement the related Web Survey findings which will comprise the User Requirements and Case Studies Analysis report, D1.3. Moreover, this work draws from and complements Deliverable 1.5 (Case Studies Expert Forum Report. The present desk research seeks to analyse the current situation related to digital research practices, tools and content for the humanities and social sciences research community, and will serve as an exploratory stage which will provide the basis for the confirmatory stage, that is the Content Strategy and User Requirements reports, due later on in the Project.
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9. |
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10. |
- Björk, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting participation in the population-based Swedish cardiopulmonary bio-image study (SCAPIS) using register data
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 45, s. 45-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To illustrate the importance of access to register data on determinants and predictors of study participation to assess validity of population-based studies. In the present investigation, we use data on sociodemographic conditions and disease history among individuals invited to the Swedish cardiopulmonary bio-image study (SCAPIS) in order to establish a model that predicts study participation. Methods: The pilot study of SCAPIS was conducted within the city of Gothenburg, Sweden, in 2012, with 2243 invited individuals (50% participation rate). An anonymous data set for the total target population (n = 24,502) was made available by register authorities (Statistics Sweden and the National Board of Health and Welfare) and included indicators of invitation to and participation in SCAPIS along with register data on residential area, sociodemographic variables, and disease history. Propensity scores for participation were estimated using logistic regression. Results: Residential area, country of birth, civil status, education, occupational status, and disposable income were all associated with participation in multivariable models. Adding data on disease history only increased overall classification ability marginally. The associations with disease history were diverse with some disease groups negatively associated with participation whereas some others tended to increase participation. Conclusions: The present investigation stresses the importance of a careful consideration of selection effects in population-based studies. Access to detailed register data also for non-participants can in the statistical analysis be used to control for selection bias and enhance generalizability, thereby making the results more relevant for policy decisions.
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11. |
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12. |
- Björn, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Organisera för utveckling och lärande. Om skolprojekt i nätverksform
- 2002
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- Många skolor arbetar idag med förbättringsarbete. Det kan omfatta både elvernas lärmiljö och personalens arbetsvillkor. För att åstadkomma ett bestående och gott utvecklingsklimat kan de också behöva arbeta med frågan hur själva förbättringsarbetet kan göras bättre. Olika utvecklingsstrategierhar nämligen visat på problem: Projekt som styrs uppifrån får sällan genomslag i verksamheten eftersom de inte engagerar personal och elever.Projekt som initieras underifrån skapar ofta ett starkt engagemang som kan vara svårt att upprätthålla då arbetet ofta saknar aktivt stöd ovanifrån, vilket försvårar långsiktighet oich spridning av utvecklingsarbetet.I boken studeras och diskuteras samarbete mellan skolor i nätverksform som en alternativ utvecklingsstrategi. Vilka fördelar och nackdelar finns med nätverk som form för skolors förbättringsarbete? Vad bör man tänka på när man organiserar ett samarbete med andra skolor för att förbättra sin egen? Hur kan man skapa en bred delaktighet i skolans utvecklingsarbete? Och hurkan man organisera skolans utvecklingsarbete så att det samtidigt medför ett utvecklingsinriktat lärande hos skolpersonalen? Boken belyser dessa och liknande frågor utifrån en analys av arbetet i två större nätverksprojekt, Albatrossprojektet och "Skolor lär skolor". Den teoretiska modell sompresenteras är tänkt att fungerea som stöd för skolors egen reflektion över sitt sätt att organisera för utveckling och lärande.
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13. |
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14. |
- Bohlin, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Statistical Anomaly Detection for Train Fleets
- 2012. - 9
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 3, 2012. - Toronto, Canada. - 9781577355687 ; , s. 2217-2223
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have developed a method for statistical anomaly detection which has been deployed in a tool for condition monitoring of train fleets. The tool is currently used by several railway operators over the world to inspect and visualize the occurrence of "event messages" generated on the trains. The anomaly detection component helps the operators to quickly find significant deviations from normal behavior and to detect early indications for possible problems. The savings in maintenance costs comes mainly from avoiding costly breakdowns, and have been estimated to several million Euros per year for the tool. In the long run, it is expected that maintenance costs can be reduced with between 5 and 10 % by using the tool.
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15. |
- Borg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Is centre-based provision of hearing aids better than community-based provision? A cluster-randomized trial among adolescents in Bangladesh
- 2018
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-3107 .- 1748-3115. ; 13:6, s. 497-503
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: In response to the need for hearing aids in low-income countries, an approach to provide hearing aids through trained community workers was developed. This study compares the effectiveness of the community-based approach with that of a centre-based approach. Methods: One hundred and forty adolescents (56% girls; 12–18 years; mean: 15 years) from eleven sub-districts participated in a cluster-randomized trial comparing a community-based service (n = 75) with a centre-based service (n = 65) in Bangladesh. The International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA) was administered to the participants six weeks after fitting of a hearing aid, and its scores were analyzed by Mann–Whitney U-tests and an ordinal regression model. Results: The community-based approach performed as well as the centre-based approach on five out of seven outcome measures. The latter approach performed statistically significantly better on Residual participation restrictions (p = .007) and Impact on others (p = .012), but the effect sizes were small. Controlling for sex, age, hearing loss, place of living and proxy responses did not change the results. Conclusions: The community-based approach is a viable and effective option for hearing aid delivery in low-resourced settings. The approach needs to be adapted to particular contexts, and possible down-sides may need to be counteracted by special interventions.Implications for RehabilitationHearing aid use can contribute to improved activity, participation and quality of life among adolescents in low-income countries.Community-based approaches to delivering hearing aids can be viable and effective options to centre-based services.
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16. |
- Brindefalk, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Distribution and expression of microbial rhodopsins in the Baltic Sea and adjacent waters
- 2016
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Ingår i: Environmental Microbiology. - : Wiley. - 1462-2912 .- 1462-2920. ; 18:12, s. 4442-4455
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rhodopsins are light-driven ion-pumping membrane proteins found in many organisms and are proposed to be of global importance for oceanic microbial energy generation. Several studies have focused on marine environments, with less exploration of rhodopsins in brackish waters. We investigated microbial rhodopsins in the Baltic Sea using size-fractionated metagenomic and metatranscriptomic datasets collected along a salinity gradient spanning from similar to 0 to 35 PSU. The normalised genomic abundance of rhodopsins in Bacteria, as well as rhodopsin gene expression, was highest in the smallest size fraction (0.1-0.8 mu m), relative to the medium (0.8-3.0 mu m) and large (> 3.0 mu m) size fractions. The abundance of rhodopsins in the two smaller size fractions displayed a positive correlation with salinity. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes rhodopsins were the most abundant while Actinobacteria rhodopsins, or actinorhodopsins, were common at lower salinities. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that rhodopsins have adapted independently to the marine-brackish transition on multiple occasions, giving rise to green light-adapted variants from ancestral blue light-adapted ones. A notable diversity of viral-like rhodopsins was also detected in the dataset and potentially linked with eukaryotic phytoplankton blooms. Finally, a new clade of likely proton-pumping rhodopsin with non-canonical amino acids in the spectral tuning and proton accepting site was identified.
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17. |
- de Sousa, Mario Adauta, et al.
(författare)
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From humanitarian assistance to poverty reduction in Angola
- 2001
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The list of illnesses afflicting Angolan society is a long one: political instability, civil war, macroeconomic mismanagement, and the desperation born of poverty. A profound sense of uncertainty afflicts all levels of society - the government (and its opponents), entrepreneurs and rural and urban communities. Ordinary citizens are deeply sceptical of the country's political, economic, and social institutions, and regard high inequality as a sign that economic policy is largely run for the benefit of the wealthy. Uncertainty undermines government institutions, discourages long-term investment by entrepreneurs, and hinders community development. Therefore both uncertainty, and high and rising inequality, create low levels of trust in social institutions. The resulting loss of social capital undermines both economic performance and the effectiveness of national, sectoral, and community-level interventions in poverty reduction. Restoring confidence in social institutions will take considerable time. But some war-torn societies - Mozambique in particular - have shown that it is at least possible to make a start.
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18. |
- Djureinovic, Dijana, et al.
(författare)
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Profiling cancer testis antigens in non-small-cell lung cancer
- 2016
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Ingår i: JCI INSIGHT. - : American Society for Clinical Investigation. - 2379-3708. ; 1:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer testis antigens (CTAs) are of clinical interest as biomarkers and present valuable targets for immunotherapy. To comprehensively characterize the CTA landscape of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we compared RNAseq data from 199 NSCLC tissues to the normal transcriptome of 142 samples from 32 different normal organs. Of 232 CTAs currently annotated in the Caner Testis Database (CTdatabase), 96 were confirmed in NSCLC. To obtain an unbiased CTA profile of NSCLC, we applied stringent criteria on our RNAseq data set and defined 90 genes as CTAs, of which 55 genes were not annotated in the CTdatabase, thus representing potential new CTAs. Cluster analysis revealed that CTA expression is histology dependent and concurrent expression is common. IHC confirmed tissue-specific protein expression of selected new CTAs (TKTL1, TGIF2LX, VCX, and CXORF67). Furthermore, methylation was identified as a regulatory mechanism of CTA expression based on independent data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The proposed prognostic impact of CTAs in lung cancer was not confirmed, neither in our RNAseq cohort nor in an independent meta-analysis of 1,117 NSCLC cases. In summary, we defined a set of 90 reliable CTAs, including information on protein expression, methylation, and survival association. The detailed RNAseq catalog can guide biomarker studies and efforts to identify targets for immunotherapeutic strategies.
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19. |
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20. |
- Dupont, Chris L., et al.
(författare)
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Functional Tradeoffs Underpin Salinity-Driven Divergence in Microbial Community Composition
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:2, s. e89549-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bacterial community composition and functional potential change subtly across gradients in the surface ocean. In contrast, while there are significant phylogenetic divergences between communities from freshwater and marine habitats, the underlying mechanisms to this phylogenetic structuring yet remain unknown. We hypothesized that the functional potential of natural bacterial communities is linked to this striking divide between microbiomes. To test this hypothesis, metagenomic sequencing of microbial communities along a 1,800 km transect in the Baltic Sea area, encompassing a continuous natural salinity gradient from limnic to fully marine conditions, was explored. Multivariate statistical analyses showed that salinity is the main determinant of dramatic changes in microbial community composition, but also of large scale changes in core metabolic functions of bacteria. Strikingly, genetically and metabolically different pathways for key metabolic processes, such as respiration, biosynthesis of quinones and isoprenoids, glycolysis and osmolyte transport, were differentially abundant at high and low salinities. These shifts in functional capacities were observed at multiple taxonomic levels and within dominant bacterial phyla, while bacteria, such as SAR11, were able to adapt to the entire salinity gradient. We propose that the large differences in central metabolism required at high and low salinities dictate the striking divide between freshwater and marine microbiomes, and that the ability to inhabit different salinity regimes evolved early during bacterial phylogenetic differentiation. These findings significantly advance our understanding of microbial distributions and stress the need to incorporate salinity in future climate change models that predict increased levels of precipitation and a reduction in salinity.
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21. |
- Einberg, Afrodite Psaros, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of chronic hepatitis C virus infection among childhood cancer survivors in Stockholm, Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 58:7, s. 997-1002
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Childhood cancer survivors treated before 1992, when blood donor screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection was introduced, are at risk of transfusion-transmitted HCV infection. A national HCV screening campaign targeting blood transfusion recipients was launched in Sweden in 2007-2010. The aims of this study were to, among adult childhood cancer survivors in Stockholm County, investigate the prevalence of HCV infection, the natural course of infection, treatment outcome and anti-HCV testing frequency before, during and after the screening campaign and finally to actively screen the untested ones.Material and Methods: This was a combined retrospective register based and prospective screening study of adult childhood cancer survivors (n=686) treated for malignancy in Stockholm before 1992. In the first part, we investigated the prevalence of HCV infection and previous anti-HCV testing, and in the second part, we actively traced and HCV-screened the remaining untested cohort living in Stockholm. Analysis of previous documented anti-HCV tests in medical records, laboratory records, and the national communicable disease registry was performed. In the second part, 231 presumably untested individuals were contacted by mail and offered an anti-HCV test. The natural course of HCV infection and treatment outcome was analyzed for those found to be chronically infected.Results: In total, 235 patients were tested and 11 were HCV-RNA positive. The overall prevalence of chronic HCV infection among the tested childhood cancer survivors was thus 4.7% (95% CI = 2.6-8.2%), which is almost 10 times higher than the national prevalence of 0.5%. Only 12% of the Stockholm cohort were tested during the screening campaign in 2007-2010, while the test uptake using active tracing screening within this study was 40% (p<.001).Conclusion: With today's effective treatment options, active tracing and HCV screening of childhood cancer survivors are recommended.
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24. |
- Ekbrand, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Injury events in residential areas – risk groups and etiological factors for falling, cutting and poisoning
- 2016
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Ingår i: Injury Prevention. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1353-8047 .- 1475-5785.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Injury events in homes constitute a major social problem. Falling, cutting and poisoning make up 85 per cent of all injury events in residential areas.This study is based on a unique data set that includes several million cases of falling, cutting and poisoning in Sweden during the period 1990-2013 which lead to either to death, hospitalisation or to a visit to a health care provider, and a control group randomly selected from the population.Three riskgroups are given special attention in the analysis: (1) old people, (2) children, (3) persons with disabilities and or long term illnesses.Methods: Multilevel regression analysis and geographical information systems, GIS.Results: The results show the probability for each riskgroup to be exposed to each type of injury event, and how this probability varies with place (GIS), previous exposure, type of household, socioeconomic status and type of housing.Conclusions: The project is ongoing. Our cross-sectorial group has demonstrated the importance of injury epidemiology as a guiding principle in architectural design, particularly for high-risk groups.
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25. |
- Ekbrand, Hans, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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The rise and fall of injury prevention programs in Sweden.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Oral presentation at the 2ned Nordic Meeting, Society for Risk Analysis Europe, in Gothenburg 14-15 november, 2016..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper is a spin‐off from a project about injury events ‐ falling, cutting and poisoning ‐ in residental settings.
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