| 1. |
- Hibar, D. P., et al.
(författare)
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Cortical abnormalities in bipolar disorder: An MRI analysis of 6503 individuals from the ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group
- 2018
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Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 23:4, s. 932-942
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite decades of research, the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD) is still not well understood. Structural brain differences have been associated with BD, but results from neuroimaging studies have been inconsistent. To address this, we performed the largest study to date of cortical gray matter thickness and surface area measures from brain magnetic resonance imaging scans of 6503 individuals including 1837 unrelated adults with BD and 2582 unrelated healthy controls for group differences while also examining the effects of commonly prescribed medications, age of illness onset, history of psychosis, mood state, age and sex differences on cortical regions. In BD, cortical gray matter was thinner in frontal, temporal and parietal regions of both brain hemispheres. BD had the strongest effects on left pars opercularis (Cohen's d='0.293; P=1.71 × 10 '21), left fusiform gyrus (d='0.288; P=8.25 × 10 '21) and left rostral middle frontal cortex (d='0.276; P=2.99 × 10 '19). Longer duration of illness (after accounting for age at the time of scanning) was associated with reduced cortical thickness in frontal, medial parietal and occipital regions. We found that several commonly prescribed medications, including lithium, antiepileptic and antipsychotic treatment showed significant associations with cortical thickness and surface area, even after accounting for patients who received multiple medications. We found evidence of reduced cortical surface area associated with a history of psychosis but no associations with mood state at the time of scanning. Our analysis revealed previously undetected associations and provides an extensive analysis of potential confounding variables in neuroimaging studies of BD. © 2018 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Thompson, Paul M., et al.
(författare)
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The ENIGMA Consortium : large-scale collaborative analyses of neuroimaging and genetic data
- 2014
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Ingår i: BRAIN IMAGING BEHAV. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1931-7557 .- 1931-7565. ; 8:2, s. 153-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium is a collaborative network of researchers working together on a range of large-scale studies that integrate data from 70 institutions worldwide. Organized into Working Groups that tackle questions in neuroscience, genetics, and medicine, ENIGMA studies have analyzed neuroimaging data from over 12,826 subjects. In addition, data from 12,171 individuals were provided by the CHARGE consortium for replication of findings, in a total of 24,997 subjects. By meta-analyzing results from many sites, ENIGMA has detected factors that affect the brain that no individual site could detect on its own, and that require larger numbers of subjects than any individual neuroimaging study has currently collected. ENIGMA's first project was a genome-wide association study identifying common variants in the genome associated with hippocampal volume or intracranial volume. Continuing work is exploring genetic associations with subcortical volumes (ENIGMA2) and white matter microstructure (ENIGMA-DTI). Working groups also focus on understanding how schizophrenia, bipolar illness, major depression and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect the brain. We review the current progress of the ENIGMA Consortium, along with challenges and unexpected discoveries made on the way.
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| 3. |
- Hibar, D. P., et al.
(författare)
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Subcortical volumetric abnormalities in bipolar disorder
- 2016
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Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 21:12, s. 1710-1716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Considerable uncertainty exists about the defining brain changes associated with bipolar disorder (BD). Understanding and quantifying the sources of uncertainty can help generate novel clinical hypotheses about etiology and assist in the development of biomarkers for indexing disease progression and prognosis. Here we were interested in quantifying case-control differences in intracranial volume (ICV) and each of eight subcortical brain measures: nucleus accumbens, amygdala, caudate, hippocampus, globus pallidus, putamen, thalamus, lateral ventricles. In a large study of 1710 BD patients and 2594 healthy controls, we found consistent volumetric reductions in BD patients for mean hippocampus (Cohen's d=-0.232; P=3.50 × 10 -7) and thalamus (d=-0.148; P=4.27 × 10 -3) and enlarged lateral ventricles (d=-0.260; P=3.93 × 10 -5) in patients. No significant effect of age at illness onset was detected. Stratifying patients based on clinical subtype (BD type I or type II) revealed that BDI patients had significantly larger lateral ventricles and smaller hippocampus and amygdala than controls. However, when comparing BDI and BDII patients directly, we did not detect any significant differences in brain volume. This likely represents similar etiology between BD subtype classifications. Exploratory analyses revealed significantly larger thalamic volumes in patients taking lithium compared with patients not taking lithium. We detected no significant differences between BDII patients and controls in the largest such comparison to date. Findings in this study should be interpreted with caution and with careful consideration of the limitations inherent to meta-analyzed neuroimaging comparisons. © 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature.
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| 4. |
- Boy, M., et al.
(författare)
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Interactions between the atmosphere, cryosphere, and ecosystems at northern high latitudes
- 2019
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 19:3, s. 2015-2061
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Nordic Centre of Excellence CRAICC (Cryosphere-Atmosphere Interactions in a Changing Arctic Climate), funded by NordForsk in the years 2011-2016, is the largest joint Nordic research and innovation initiative to date, aiming to strengthen research and innovation regarding climate change issues in the Nordic region. CRAICC gathered more than 100 scientists from all Nordic countries in a virtual centre with the objectives of identifying and quantifying the major processes controlling Arctic warming and related feedback mechanisms, outlining strategies to mitigate Arctic warming, and developing Nordic Earth system modelling with a focus on short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs), including natural and anthropogenic aerosols. The outcome of CRAICC is reflected in more than 150 peer-reviewed scientific publications, most of which are in the CRAICC special issue of the journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. This paper presents an overview of the main scientific topics investigated in the centre and provides the reader with a state-of-the-art comprehensive summary of what has been achieved in CRAICC with links to the particular publications for further detail. Faced with a vast amount of scientific discovery, we do not claim to completely summarize the results from CRAICC within this paper, but rather concentrate here on the main results which are related to feedback loops in climate change-cryosphere interactions that affect Arctic amplification.
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| 5. |
- Gadea, A., et al.
(författare)
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Observation of Ni-54 : Cross-conjugate symmetry in f(7/2) mirror energy differences
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 97:15, s. 152501-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gamma decays from excited states up to J(pi)=6(+) in the N=Z-2 nucleus Ni-54 have been identified for the first time. Level energies are compared with those of the isobars Co-54 and Fe-54 and of the cross-conjugate nuclei of mass A=42. The good but puzzling f(7/2) cross-conjugate symmetry in mirror and triplet energy differences is analyzed. Shell model calculations reproduce the new data but the necessary nuclear charge-dependent phenomenology is not fully explained by modern nucleon-nucleon potentials.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Podolyák, Zs, et al.
(författare)
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Neutron-deficient N≈126 Nuclei Produced in 238U Fragmentation : Population of High-spin States
- 2006
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Nuclear Structure, Astrophysics, and Reactions - FINUSTAR. - : AIP. - 0735403236 - 9780735403239 ; 831, s. 114-118
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The population of metastable states produced in relativistic-energy fragmentation of a 238U beam has been measured. For states with high angular momentum, I=17 and I=21.5, a higher population than expected has been observed, with the discrepancy increasing with angular momentum. By considering two sources for the angular momentum, related to single-particle and collective motions, a much improved description of the experimental results can be obtained. In addition, new results on the structure of 208Fr, 211Ra and 216Ac are reported.
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| 11. |
- Sellgren, C. M., et al.
(författare)
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A genome-wide association study of kynurenic acid in cerebrospinal fluid: implications for psychosis and cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder
- 2016
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Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 21:10, s. 1342-1350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the glia-derived N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor antagonist kynurenic acid (KYNA) have consistently been implicated in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study based on CSF KYNA in bipolar disorder and found support for an association with a common variant within 1p21.3. After replication in an independent cohort, we linked this genetic variant-associated with reduced SNX7 expression-to positive psychotic symptoms and executive function deficits in bipolar disorder. A series of post-mortem brain tissue and in vitro experiments suggested SNX7 downregulation to result in a caspase-8-driven activation of interleukin-1 beta and a subsequent induction of the brain kynurenine pathway. The current study demonstrates the potential of using biomarkers in genetic studies of psychiatric disorders, and may help to identify novel drug targets in bipolar disorder.
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| 12. |
- Zannad, F., et al.
(författare)
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Clinical outcome endpoints in heart failure trials: a European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Association consensus document
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Heart Failure. - : Wiley. - 1388-9842 .- 1879-0844. ; 15:10, s. 1082-1094
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Endpoint selection is a critically important step in clinical trial design. It poses major challenges for investigators, regulators, and study sponsors, and it also has important clinical and practical implications for physicians and patients. Clinical outcomes of interest in heart failure trials include all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, relevant non-fatal morbidity (e.g. all-cause and cause-specific hospitalization), composites capturing both morbidity and mortality, safety, symptoms, functional capacity, and patient-reported outcomes. Each of these endpoints has strengths and weaknesses that create controversies regarding which is most appropriate in terms of clinical importance, sensitivity, reliability, and consistency. Not surprisingly, a lack of consensus exists within the scientific community regarding the optimal endpoint(s) for both acute and chronic heart failure trials. In an effort to address these issues, the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology (HFA-ESC) convened a group of expert heart failure clinical investigators, biostatisticians, regulators, and pharmaceutical industry scientists (Nice, France, 12-13 February 2012) to evaluate the challenges of defining heart failure endpoints in clinical trials and to develop a consensus framework. This report summarizes the group's recommendations for achieving common views on heart failure endpoints in clinical trials.
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| 13. |
- Ekberg, O., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Barium Sulfate Contrast Medium on Rheology and Sensory Texture Attributes in a Model Food
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 50:2, s. 131-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The swallowing process can be visualized using videoradiography, by mixing food with contrast medium, e.g., barium sulfate (BaSO4), making it radiopaque. The sensory properties of foods may be affected by adding this medium. Purpose: To evaluate if and to what extent sensory and rheological characteristics of mango puree were altered by adding barium sulfate to the food. Material and Methods: This study evaluated four food samples based on mango puree, with no or added barium sulfate contrast medium (0%, 12.5%, 25.0%, and 37.5%), by a radiographic method, and measured sensory texture properties and rheological characteristics. The sensory evaluation was performed by an external trained panel using quantitative descriptive analysis. The ease of swallowing the foods was also evaluated. Results: The sensory texture properties of mango puree were significantly affected by the added barium in all evaluated attributes, as was the perception of particles. Moreover, ease of swallowing was significantly higher in the sample without added contrast medium. All samples decreased in extensional viscosity with increasing extension rate, i.e., all samples were tension thinning. Shear viscosity was not as dependent on the concentration of BaSO4 as extensional viscosity. Conclusion: Addition of barium sulfate to a model food of mango puree has a major impact on perceived sensory texture attributes as well as on rheological parameters.
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| 14. |
- Gladnishki, KA, et al.
(författare)
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Isomer spectroscopy in the neutron-deficient lead region following projectile fragmentation
- 2003
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Ingår i: Acta Physica Polonica. Series B: Elementary Particle Physics, Nuclear Physics, Statistical Physics, Theory of Relativity, Field Theory. - 0587-4254. ; 34:4, s. 2395-2398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Projectile fragmentation of a 750 MeV/nucleon U-238 beam was used to populate neutron-deficient nuclei around A similar to190. Isomeric states in Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, and Po isotopes were identified and their lifetimes determined, with the ultimate aim of measuring their isomeric ratios to provide information on the spin population in such reactions.
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| 15. |
- Mach, H., et al.
(författare)
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Application of ultra-fast timing techniques to the study of exotic and weakly produced nuclei
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics G. - : IOP Publishing. - 0954-3899 .- 1361-6471. ; 31:10, s. S1421-S1426
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ultra-fast time-delayed techniques have been recently applied in a number of studies where exotic nuclei were identified using advanced selection techniques. These include large Compton-suppressed Ge arrays, in-flight separators or recoil separators. Some of the new results are discussed in this presentation. Besides the results for Mg-32 and Pd-96, they include the first determination of the half-life of the 8(+) state in Ge-80, T-1/2 = 2.95(6) ns, and significantly more precise results for Mn-51 (3680 keV level) and V-48 (421 keV level), T-1/2 = 1760(40) ps and T-1/2.
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| 16. |
- Mukai, M., et al.
(författare)
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In-gas-cell laser resonance ionization spectroscopy of Ir-196,Ir-197,Ir-198
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993. ; 102:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hyperfine structure (HFS) measurements of neutron-rich iridium isotopes Ir-196,Ir-197,Ir-198 (Z = 77, N = 119-121) were performed via in-gas-cell laser resonance ionization spectroscopy at the KEK Isotope Separation System. Magnetic dipole moments mu and isotope shifts were determined from the HFS spectra. The variation of mean-square charge radii and quadrupole deformation parameters of these isotopes were evaluated from the isotope shifts. The mu value of (197)h, agreed with a theoretical value based on the strong coupling model, and the Ir nucleus was interpreted as prolately deformed by the theoretical calculations. The mu values of Ir-196,Ir-198 were also compared with semiempirical values calculated based on the strong coupling model. From the comparison, we can suggest the possible spin values of I-pi = 1,2(-) for Ir-196 and I-pi = 1(-) for Ir-198.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Zamora, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa
- 2018
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Ingår i: IMA Fungus. - : INT MYCOLOGICAL ASSOC. - 2210-6340 .- 2210-6359. ; 9:1, s. 167-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.
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| 19. |
- Albini, A, et al.
(författare)
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Oncogenesis in HIV-infection
- 1996
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Ingår i: International journal of oncology. - 1019-6439. ; 9:1, s. 5-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 20. |
- Bentley, M. A., et al.
(författare)
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Isospin symmetry of odd-odd mirror nuclei: Identification of excited states in N=Z-2 Mn-48
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 97:13: 132501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Excited states have been observed in the N=Z-2 odd-odd nucleus Mn-48 for the first time. Through comparison with the structure of V-48, a first high-spin study of an odd-odd mirror pair has been achieved. Differences between the T=1 analogue states in this pair have been interpreted in terms of Coulomb effects, with the aid of shell-model calculations in the full pf valence space. Unlike other mirror pairs, the energy differences have been interpreted almost entirely as due to a monopole effect associated with smooth changes in radius (or deformation) as a function of angular momentum. In addition, the large energy shift between analogue negative-parity states is interpreted in terms of the electromagnetic spin-orbit interaction in nuclei.
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| 21. |
- Casar Borota, Olivera, et al.
(författare)
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Corticotroph Aggressive Pituitary Tumors and Carcinomas Frequently Harbor ATRX Mutations
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 106:4, s. 1183-1194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Aggressive pituitary tumors (APTs) are characterized by unusually rapid growth and lack of response to standard treatment. About 1% to 2% develop metastases being classified as pituitary carcinomas (PCs). For unknown reasons, the corticotroph tumors are overrepresented among APTs and PCs. Mutations in the alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) gene, regulating chromatin remodeling and telomere maintenance, have been implicated in the development of several cancer types, including neuroendocrine tumors. Objective: To study ATRX protein expression and mutational status of the ATRX gene in APTs and PCs. Design: We investigated ATRX protein expression by using immunohistochemistry in 30 APTs and 18 PCs, mostly of Pit-1 and T-Pit cell lineage. In tumors lacking ATRX immunolabeling, mutational status of the ATRX gene was explored. Results: Nine of the 48 tumors (19%) demonstrated lack of ATRX immunolabelling with a higher proportion in patients with PCs (5/18; 28%) than in those with APTs (4/30;13%). Lack of ATRX was most common in the corticotroph tumors, 7/22 (32%), versus tumors of the Pit-1 lineage, 2/24 (8%). Loss-of-function ATRX mutations were found in all 9 ATRX immunonegative cases: nonsense mutations (n = 4), frameshift deletions (n = 4), and large deletions affecting 22-28 of the 36 exons (n = 3). More than 1 ATRX gene defect was identified in 2 PCs. Conclusion: ATRX mutations occur in a subset of APTs and are more common in corticotroph tumors. The findings provide a rationale for performing ATRX immunohistochemistry to identify patients at risk of developing aggressive and potentially metastatic pituitary tumors.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Gladnishki, KA, et al.
(författare)
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Angular Momentum Population in the Projectile Fragmentation of 238U at 750 MeV/nucleon
- 2004
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Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 69:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A systematic study of the population probabilities of nanosecond and microsecond isomers produced following the projectile fragmentation of U-238 at 750 MeV/nucleon has been undertaken at the SIS/FRS facility at GSI. Approximately 15 isomeric states in neutron-deficient nuclei around A similar to 190 were identified and the corresponding. isomeric ratios determined. The results are compared with a model based on the statistical abrasion-ablation description of relativistic fragmentation and simple assumptions concerning gamma cascades in the final nucleus (sharp cutoff). This model represents an upper limit for the population of isomeric states in relativistic projectile fragmentation. When the decay properties of the states above the isomer are taken into account, as opposed to the sharp cutoff approximation, a good agreement between the experimental and calculated angular momentum population is obtained.
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| 24. |
- Palacz, M., et al.
(författare)
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N=50 Core Excited States Studied in the 96Pd Nucleus
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 86:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The four-proton hole Pd-96 neighbor of the doubly-magic Sn-100 nucleus was studied in-beam, using a fusion-evaporation reaction of a Ni-58 beam on a Sc-45 target. States of Pd-96 were established up to an excitation energy of 9707 keV. A core-excited odd-parity isomer with T-1/2 = 37.7(1.1) ns was identified. Shell model calculations were performed in four different model spaces. Even-parity states of Pd-96 are very well reproduced in large-scale shell model (LSSM) calculations in which excitations are allowed of up to five g(9/2) protons and neutrons across the N = Z = 50 gap, to the g(7/2), d(5/2), d(3/2), and s(1/2) orbitals. The odd-parity isomer can be only qualitatively interpreted though, employing calculation in the full fpg shell model space, with just one particle-hole core excitation.
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| 25. |
- Palacz, M., et al.
(författare)
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Odd-Parity Sn-100 Core Excitations
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta Physica Polonica B. - 0587-4254 .- 1509-5770. ; 44:3, s. 491-500
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Odd-parity core excited states have been identified in two close neighbors of Sn-100: Pd-96 and Ag-97. This was done in an fusion-evaporation experiment, using a Ni-58 beam on a Sc-45 target. Even-parity core excited states in these nuclei are very well reproduced in large scale (LSSM) calculations in which particle-hole excitations are allowed with up to five g(9/2) protons and neutrons across the N = Z = 50 gap, to the g(7/2), d(5/2), d(3/2), and s(1/2) orbitals. The odd-parity states can only be qualitatively interpreted though, employing calculations in the full fpg shell model space, but with just one particle-hole core excitation allowed. A more complete model including odd-parity orbitals is need for the description of core excited states in the region of Sn-100.
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