| 1. |
- Brauer, H.E., et al.
(författare)
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Na intercalation of VSe2 studied by photoemission and scanning tunneling microscopy
- 1997
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Ingår i: Physical Review B Condensed Matter. - 0163-1829 .- 1095-3795. ; 55:15, s. 10022-10026
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In situ Na intercalation of the layered compound VSe2 has been studied with photoemission and scanning tunneling microscopy. Core-level spectroscopy proves that Na deposited in UHV onto the VSe2 surface rapidly intercalates, leaving only small amounts at the surface. The scanning tunneling microscopy measurements show that the intercalated Na is not uniformly distributed between the VSe2 layers, but preferentially in two-dimensional islands. Thus the surface region is divided into intercalated and nonintercalated areas. Hole-like features in the intercalated areas are interpreted as locally missing Na.
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| 2. |
- Cetinic, Ivan, et al.
(författare)
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Shear wave elastography and shear wave dispersion correlated to biopsy at the scheduled follow-up of pediatric liver grafts
- 2023
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Ingår i: Pediatric Transplantation. - 1397-3142. ; 27:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is unknown how shear wave dispersion (SWD) is displayed in pediatric liver transplant recipients and not fully elucidated how ultrasound shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) display within this cohort, which is important to determine to improve noninvasive surveillance of these patients. The study aimed to compare SWE and SWD values with histopathology in pediatric liver recipients.Methods: Forty-eight pediatric liver recipients were examined with SWE in conjunction with an elective liver biopsy (clinically without complication). Additionally, SWD values were measured in 21 children. SWE and SWD values were compared to histologically determined fibrosis graded as none-to-mild (F0-1) and moderate-to-severe (F2-4), and inflammation graded as low (grade 0-1) and high (grade 2-4).Results: Two children were excluded due to SWE IQR/median > 30% kPa. The mean age across 46 included patients was 10.9 years (range 1.4-18). The number of patients and median (range) SWE value (kPa) for each stage of fibrosis were: F0-1 [n = 23; 5.8 (3.2-16.1)], F2 [n = 22; 6.0 (4.5-25.9)], F3 [n = 1; 33.3], and F4 [n = 0]. Significantly higher SWE values and greater variability were registered in F2-4 vs. F0-1 (p = .05). Grade of fibrosis correlated weakly to SWE values (r = .3; p = .05), but not to SWD values (r = .2; p = .27). In patients with low-grade inflammation, median SWD was 13.7 m/s KHz (10.7-17.6). Only one patient had high-grade inflammation.Conclusions: Uncomplicated transplanted liver grafts in a small pediatric cohort revealed slightly increased SWE and SWD values compared to previously reported values in healthy children. This likely reflect both the fibrotic and inflammatory elements in the grafts; however, other confounders impacting the liver's viscoelastic properties are also probable factors.
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| 3. |
- Cetinic, I., et al.
(författare)
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Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography, Shear Wave Dispersion and Attenuation Imaging of Pediatric Liver Disease with Histological Correlation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Children. - : MDPI AG. - 2227-9067. ; 9:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To evaluate the feasibility of multiple ultrasound markers for the non-invasive characterization of fibrosis, inflammation and steatosis in the liver in pediatric patients. Materials and methods: The quantitative ultrasound measures shear wave elastography (SWE), shear wave dispersion (SWD) and attenuation imaging (ATI) were compared and correlated with percutaneous liver biopsies and corresponding measures in a control cohort. Results: The median age of the 32 patients was 12.1 years (range 0.1-17.9), and that of the 15 controls was 11.8 years (range: 2.6-16.6). Results: There was a significant difference in SWE values between histologic grades of fibrosis (p = 0.003), with a positive correlation according to the grade (r = 0.7; p < 0.0001). Overall, a difference in SWD values between grades of inflammation was found (p = 0.009) but with a lack of correlation (r = 0.1; p = 0.67). Comparing inflammation grades 0-1 (median:13.6 m/s kHz [min; max; 8.4; 17.5]) versus grades 2-3 (16.3 m/s kHz [14.6; 24.2]) showed significant differences between the groups (p = 0.003). In the 30 individuals with a steatosis score of 0, ATI was measured in 23 cases with a median value of 0.56 dB/cm/MHz. Conclusion: Comprehensive ultrasound analysis was feasible to apply in children and has the potential to reflect the various components of liver affection non-invasively. Larger studies are necessary to conclude to what extent these image-based markers can classify the grade of fibrosis, inflammation and steatosis.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Jonsson, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Cost-effectiveness of silvicultural measures to increase substrate availability for red-listed wood-living organisms in Norway spruce forests
- 2006
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Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier. - 0006-3207 .- 1873-2917. ; 127:4, s. 443-467
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is important that measures to maintain biodiversity are taken in a way that is cost-effective for the landowner. We analyzed the cost-effectiveness of silvicultural measures that aim at increasing the substrate availability for red-listed (species that are threatened, near threatened or where species probably are threatened but data is deficient) saproxylic (wood-inhabiting) organisms. We modelled stands of Norway spruce (Picea abies) in three regions of Sweden by using computer simulations and a database with substrate requirements of saproxylic beetles and cryptogams on the Swedish Red-List. Conclusions concerning cost-effectiveness of silvicultural measures depend on the extinction thresholds of the species they are intended to conserve; measures that generate only small amounts of coarse woody debris (CWD) may provide too little substrate to be useful for species with high extinction thresholds. In northern Sweden, forestland is relatively inexpensive, so a cost-effective strategy to increase the amount of spruce CWD was to set aside more forests as reserves. In central and southern Sweden, more emphasis should instead be given to increasing the amount of CWD in the managed forest. The regulations by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) could be made more cost-effective by prescribing creation of more high stumps and retention of larger amounts of naturally dying trees. Large-sized CWD, CWD from slow-growing trees, and CWD in late decay stages are substrate types that were particularly rare in managed forest in relation to unmanaged forests. Manual soil scarification and retention of living trees are measures that can increase the proportion of these underrepresented CWD types.
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| 6. |
- Mattsson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Translocation of 40 nm diameter nanowires through the intestinal epithelium of Daphnia magna
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nanotoxicology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1743-5390 .- 1743-5404. ; 10:8, s. 1160-1167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanowires (NWs) have unique electrical and optical properties of value for many applications including lighting, sensing, and energy harnessing. Consumer products containing NWs increase the risk of NWs being released in the environment, especially into aquatic ecosystems through sewage systems. Daphnia magna is a common, cosmopolitan freshwater organism sensitive to toxicity tests and represents a likely entry point for nanoparticles into food webs of aquatic ecosystems. Here we have evaluated the effect of NW diameter on the gut penetrance of NWs in Daphnia magna. The animals were exposed to NWs of two diameters (40 and 80 nm) and similar length (3.6 and 3.8 μm, respectively) suspended in water. In order to locate the NWs in Daphnia, the NWs were designed to comprise one inherently fluorescent segment of gallium indium phosphide (GaInP) flanked by a gallium phosphide (GaP) segment. Daphnia mortality was assessed directly after 24 h of exposure and 7 days after exposure. Translocation of NWs across the intestinal epithelium was investigated using confocal fluorescence microscopy directly after 24 h of exposure and was observed in 89% of Daphnia exposed to 40 nm NWs and in 11% of Daphnia exposed to 80 nm NWs. A high degree of fragmentation was observed for NWs of both diameters after ingestion by the Daphnia, although 40 nm NWs were fragmented to a greater extent, which could possibly facilitate translocation across the intestinal epithelium. Our results show that the feeding behavior of animals may enhance the ability of NWs to penetrate biological barriers and that penetrance is governed by the NW diameter.
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| 7. |
- Sellgren, Stina F, et al.
(författare)
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Nursing staff turnover at a Swedish university hospital: an exploratory study.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 1365-2702 .- 0962-1067. ; 18, s. 3181-3189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim. The aim was to explore opinions on individual needs and other factors that may influence nursing staff turnover. Background. High staff turnover is a great problem for many hospitals. It is shown to have a negative effect on the quality of nursing care and to increase hospital costs. Design. In 2004 in a large university hospital in Sweden five focus group discussions (FGDs) including department heads (1), nursing managers (2) and members of nursing staff (2) were carried out. The questions to be addressed were 'Why do nurses leave?' and 'Why do nurses stay?' In addition, register data of staff turnover for 2002-2003 were analysed in relation to different facts about the units, such as number of employees, type of care and medical specialty. Categories of opinions identified in the FGDs were compared with results of the statistical analyses on the relationship between staff turnover and unit parameters to identify overall factors that may influence on nurse staff turnover. Findings. Four major factors were identified as having a possible influence on staff turnover: 'intrinsic values of motivation', 'work load', 'unit size 'and 'leadership'. Smaller units had lower staff turnover as well as outpatient units and day care. It was not possible to compare statements from participants from smaller units with those from participants from larger units. Two factors had diverging data, 'salary' and 'spirit of the time'. A surprising finding was the little mention of patient care in relation to staff turnover. Relevance to clinical practice. It is important for managers to ensure that intrinsic values of nurses are met to minimise the risk for high turnover rates. Inpatient care must receive adequate staffing and nursing care could be organised into smaller units or work teams to avoid dissatisfaction and high turnover.
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| 8. |
- Åberg, F., et al.
(författare)
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Cancer After Liver Transplantation in Children and Young Adults: A Population-Based Study From 4 Nordic Countries
- 2018
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Ingår i: Liver Transplantation. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1527-6465 .- 1527-6473. ; 24:9, s. 1252-1259
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer after liver transplantation (LT) constitutes a threat also for young recipients, but cancer risk factors are usually absent in children and large studies on the cancer risk profile in young LT recipients are scarce. Data of patients younger than 30 years who underwent LT during the period 1982‐2013 in the Nordic countries were linked with respective national cancer registries to calculate standardized incidence ratios (SIRs). A total of 37 cancer cases were observed in 923 patients with 7846 person‐years of follow‐up. The SIR for all cancer types, compared with the matched general population, was 9.8 (12.4 for males and 7.8 for females). Cumulative incidence of cancer adjusted for the competing risk of death was 2% at 10 years, 6% at 20 years, and 22% at 25 years after LT. Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma was the most common cancer type (n = 14) followed by colorectal (n = 4) and hepatocellular cancer (n = 4). Age was a significant risk factor for cancer, and the absolute risk of most cancers (except for lymphoma) increased considerably in young adults older than 20 years. The cancer risk pattern is different in pediatric and young LT patients compared with adult recipients. The striking increase in cancer incidence in young adulthood after the second decade of life deserves further consideration in transition programs.
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