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| 2. |
- Strandberg, B., et al.
(författare)
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Near-threshold π-photoproduction on the deuteron
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. - 2469-9985. ; 101:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first experimental investigation of the near-threshold cross section for incoherent π-photoproduction on the deuteron γd→π-pp is presented. The experimental technique involved detection of the ≈131 MeV γ ray resulting from the radiative capture of photoproduced π-in the target. The total cross section was measured using an unpolarized tagged-photon beam, a liquid-deuterium target, and three very large NaI(Tl) spectrometers. The data are compared to theoretical models that give insight into the elementary reaction γn→π-p and pion-nucleon and nucleon-nucleon final-state interactions.
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| 3. |
- Chaillou, Thomas, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of a conserved set of upregulated genes in mouse skeletal muscle hypertrophy and regrowth
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of applied physiology. - Bethesda, USA : American Physiological Society. - 8750-7587 .- 1522-1601. ; 118, s. 86-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to compare the gene expression profile of mouse skeletal muscle undergoing two forms of growth (hypertrophy and regrowth) with the goal of identifying a conserved set of differentially expressed genes. Expression profiling by microarray was performed on the plantaris muscle subjected to 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 days of hypertrophy or regrowth following 2 wk of hind-limb suspension. We identified 97 differentially expressed genes (≥2-fold increase or ≥50% decrease compared with control muscle) that were conserved during the two forms of muscle growth. The vast majority (∼90%) of the differentially expressed genes was upregulated and occurred at a single time point (64 out of 86 genes), which most often was on the first day of the time course. Microarray analysis from the conserved upregulated genes showed a set of genes related to contractile apparatus and stress response at day 1, including three genes involved in mechanotransduction and four genes encoding heat shock proteins. Our analysis further identified three cell cycle-related genes at day and several genes associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) at both days 3 and 10. In conclusion, we have identified a core set of genes commonly upregulated in two forms of muscle growth that could play a role in the maintenance of sarcomere stability, ECM remodeling, cell proliferation, fast-to-slow fiber type transition, and the regulation of skeletal muscle growth. These findings suggest conserved regulatory mechanisms involved in the adaptation of skeletal muscle to increased mechanical loading.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Souche, E. L., et al.
(författare)
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Range-wide population structure of European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax
- 2015
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Ingår i: Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0024-4066. ; 116:1, s. 86-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The euryhaline European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax L., inhabiting the coasts of the eastern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea, has had many opportunities for differentiation throughout its large natural range. However, evidence for this has been incompletely documented geographically and with an insufficient number of markers. Therefore, its full range was sampled at 22 sites and individuals were genotyped with a suite of mapped markers, including 14 microsatellite loci (N=536) and 46 neutral or gene-linked single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; N=644). We confirm that the Atlantic and Mediterranean basins harbour two distinct lineages. Within the Atlantic Ocean no pattern was obvious based on the microsatellite and SNP genotypes, except for a subtle difference between South-eastern and North-eastern Atlantic sea bass attributed to limited introgression of alleles of Mediterranean origin. SNP genotypes of the Mediterranean lineage differentiated into three groups, probably under the influence of geographical isolation. The Western Mediterranean group showed genetic homogeneity without evidence for outlier loci. The Adriatic group appeared as a distinct unit. The Eastern Mediterranean group showed a longitudinal gradient of genotypes and most interestingly an outlier locus linked to the somatolactin gene. Overall, the spatial pattern fits those observed with other taxa of between-basin segregation and within-basin connectivity, which concurs well with the swimming capabilities of European sea bass. Evidence from a few outlier loci in this and other studies encourages further exploration of its regional connectivity and adaptive evolution.
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| 8. |
- Ellison, Stephen, et al.
(författare)
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Attenuation of Experimental Atherosclerosis by Interleukin-19.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. - 1524-4636. ; 33:10, s. 2316-2324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interleukin-19 (IL-19) is a putative Th2, anti-inflammatory interleukin. Its expression and potential role in atherogenesis are unknown. IL-19 is not detected in normal artery and is expressed to a greater degree in plaque from symptomatic versus asymptomatic patients, suggesting a compensatory counter-regulatory function. We tested whether IL-19 could reduce atherosclerosis in susceptible mice and identified plausible mechanisms.
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| 9. |
- England-Mason, Gillian, et al.
(författare)
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White matter microstructure mediates the association between prenatal exposure to phthalates and behavior problems in preschool children
- 2020
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Ingår i: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-9351 .- 1096-0953. ; 182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previous research reports associations between prenatal exposure to phthalates and childhood behavior problems; however, the neural mechanisms that may underlie these associations are relatively unexplored. Objective: This study examined microstructural white matter as a possible mediator of the associations between prenatal phthalate exposure and behavior problems in preschool-aged children. Methods: Data are from a subsample of a prospective pregnancy cohort, the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) study (n = 76). Mother-child pairs were included if mothers provided a second trimester urine sample, if the child completed a successful magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan at age 3-5 years, and if the Child Behavior Checklist was completed within 6 months of the MRI scan. Molar sums of high (HMWP) and low molecular weight phthalates (LMWP) were calculated from levels in urine samples. Associations between prenatal phthalate concentrations, fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in 10 major white matter tracts, and preschool behavior problems were investigated. Results: Maternal prenatal phthalate concentrations were associated with MD of the right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFO), right pyramidal fibers, left and right uncinate fasciculus (UF), and FA of the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF). Mediation analyses showed that prenatal exposure to HMWP was indirectly associated with Internalizing (path ab = 0.09, CI.95 = 0.02, 0.20) and Externalizing Problems (path ab = 0.09, CI.95 = 0.01, 0.19) through MD of the right IFO, and to Internalizing Problems (path ab = 0.11, CI.95 = 0.01, 0.23) through MD of the right pyramidal fibers. Discussion: This study provides the first evidence of childhood neural correlates of prenatal phthalate exposure. Results suggest that prenatal phthalate exposure may be related to microstructural white matter in the IFO, pyramidal fibers, UF, and ILF. Further, MD of the right IFO and pyramidal fibers may transmit childhood risk for behavioral problems.
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| 10. |
- Grover, A, et al.
(författare)
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A novel tau mutation in exon 9 (1260V) causes a four-repeat tauopathy
- 2003
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Ingår i: Experimental Neurology. - 0014-4886. ; 184:1, s. 131-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel mutation in exon 9 of tau, I260V, is associated with a clinical syndrome consistent with frontotemporal dementia with extensive tau pathology; however, neurofibrillary tangles and Pick bodies are absent. Significantly, Sarkosyl- insoluble tau extracted from affected brain tissue consisted almost exclusively of four-repeat isoforms. Consistent with these findings, in vitro biochemical assays demonstrated that the I260V mutation causes a selective increase in tau aggregation and a decrease in tau-induced microtubule assembly with four-repeat isoforms only. The contrasting pathology and biochemical effects of this mutation suggest a different disease mechanism from the other exon 9 mutations and demonstrates the critical role for the first microtubule-binding domain in tau-promoted microtubule assembly and the pathogenic aggregation of tau.
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| 11. |
- Jakosky, B. M., et al.
(författare)
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MAVEN observations of the response of Mars to an interplanetary coronal mass ejection
- 2015
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 350:6261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coupling between the lower and upper atmosphere, combined with loss of gas from the upper atmosphere to space, likely contributed to the thin, cold, dry atmosphere of modern Mars. To help understand ongoing ion loss to space, the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft made comprehensive measurements of the Mars upper atmosphere, ionosphere, and interactions with the Sun and solar wind during an interplanetary coronal mass ejection impact in March 2015. Responses include changes in the bow shock and magnetosheath, formation of widespread diffuse aurora, and enhancement of pick-up ions. Observations and models both show an enhancement in escape rate of ions to space during the event. Ion loss during solar events early in Mars history may have been a major contributor to the long-term evolution of the Mars atmosphere.
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| 12. |
- Rich, Rebecca L., et al.
(författare)
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A global benchmark study using affinity-based biosensors
- 2009
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Ingår i: Analytical Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-2697 .- 1096-0309. ; 386:2, s. 194-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To explore the variability in biosensor studies, 150 participants from 20 countries were given the same protein samples and asked to determine kinetic rate constants for the interaction. We chose a protein system that was amenable to analysis using different biosensor platforms as well as by users of different expertise levels. The two proteins (a 50-kDa Fab and a 60-kDa glutathione S-transferase [GST] antigen) form a relatively high-affinity complex, so participants needed to optimize several experimental parameters, including ligand immobilization and regeneration conditions as well as analyte concentrations and injection/dissociation times. Although most participants collected binding responses that could be fit to yield kinetic parameters, the quality of a few data sets could have been improved by optimizing the assay design. Once these outliers were removed, the average reported affinity across the remaining panel of participants was 620 pM with a standard deviation of 980 pM. These results demonstrate that when this biosensor assay was designed and executed appropriately, the reported rate constants were consistent, and independent of which protein was immobilized and which biosensor was used.
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| 13. |
- Ryman-Tubb, Toby, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative pathology of dog and human prostate cancer
- 2022
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Ingår i: Veterinary medicine and science. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2053-1095. ; 8:1, s. 110-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Though relatively rare in dogs, prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-cutaneous cancer in men. Human and canine prostate glands share many functional, anatomical and physiological features. Due to these similarities, canine PCa has been proposed as a model for PCa in men. PCa is typically androgen-dependent at diagnosis in men and for this reason, androgen deprivation therapies (ADT) are important treatments for advanced PCa in men. In contrast, there is some evidence that PCa is diagnosed more commonly in castrate dogs, at which point, limited therapeutic options are available. In men, a major limitation of current ADT is that progression to a lethal and incurable form of PCa, termed castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), is common. There is, therefore, an urgent need for a better understanding of the mechanism of PCa initiation and progression to CRPC to enable the development of novel therapeutic approaches. This review focuses on the functional, physiological, endocrine and histopathological similarities and differences in the prostate gland of these species. In particular, we focus on common physiological roles for androgen signalling in the prostate of men and dogs, we review the short- and longer-term effects of castration on PCa incidence and progression in the dog and relate how this knowledge may be relevant to understanding the mechanisms of CRPC in men.
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| 14. |
- Strandberg, B., et al.
(författare)
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Compton scattering from the deuteron above pion-production threshold
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. - 2469-9985. ; 98:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electromagnetic polarizabilities of the nucleon are fundamental nucleon-structure observables that characterize its response to external electromagnetic fields. The neutron polarizabilities can be accessed from Compton-scattering data on light nuclear targets. Recent measurements of the differential cross section for Compton scattering on the deuteron below the pion-production threshold have decreased the uncertainties in the neutron polarizabilities, yet the proton polarizabilities remain known substantially more accurately. As the sensitivity of the cross section to the polarizabilities increases with incident photon energy, measurements above the pion threshold may offer a way for an improved determination of the neutron polarizabilities. In this Rapid Communiciation, the first measurement of the cross section for coherent Compton scattering on the deuteron above the pion-production threshold is presented.
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| 15. |
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