| 1. |
- Fredriksson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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An Interactive Visualization Tool for Collaborative Construction Logistics Planning—Creating a Sustainable Project Vicinity
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 14:24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The intensity of urban development is presently high, creating a construction boom. The number of transports per project is a major consideration in urban goods transport and emissions from a project. Presently, the stakeholders take part in a “blame game” in assigning fault for the emissions from construction transport and the disturbances to society in the vicinity of construction sites. Incorporation of logistics into urban planning requires an increased understanding of the interaction between construction transport flows and urban land use, and the inclusion of different stakeholders. The purpose of the study is to support collaborative planning of construction transport in urban planning, and specifically to explore how a planning tool based on interactive visualization could be designed. An action research process has generated two prototypes of an interactive visualization tool for collaborative planning of construction transport. The prototype facilitates a “shared deliberation space” by identifying alternatives and assessing predicted consequences, which supports a collaborative urban planning process. Based on the research conducted, we claim that the responsibility of construction transport planning should be taken by the municipality, i.e., the urban planning and traffic planning functions. © 2022 by the authors.
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| 2. |
- Fredriksson, Anna, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Störningsfri stad : slutrapport i projektet Visualiserad byggtrafikplanering för en störningsfri stadsutveckling
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Störningsfri stad har kombinerat kunskaper inom Trafikplanering, Visualisering, Bygglogistik, Sensorer och Offentlig planering och styrning. Projektet har letts av Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för Teknik och Naturvetenskap och finansierats av Vinnova, IHS. Projektet har löpt mellan slutet av 2018 och 2021 ut. Projektdeltagare har varit VTI, RISE, Norrköpings kommun, Linköpings kommun, Stockholm stad, Uppsala kommun, Trafikverket Projekt Ostlänken, LE Lundbergs Fastigheter, Wiklunds Åkeri, Wellsec, SanktKors, Byggföretagen, Telenor och Logistikia.Projektet har utvecklat en verktygsprototyp som stöttar kollaborativ planering av byggtrafik och stadsplanering genom att visualisera pågående byggprojekts sammanlagda mängd transporter och var i staden (i form av en kartvy) det uppstår störningar i form av förseningar pga dessa. Verktyget bygger på en MATSim trafikmodell (i nuläget Norrköping) inkluderande både persontransporter (modellerat baserat på mobilnätsdata) och byggtrafik (modellerat baserat på data från bygglogistiklösningar). Med hjälp av verktyget kan olika scenarier för att minska störningarna av byggtransporter testas. För att stötta användandet av verktyget har en kollaborativ planeringsprocess som visar på hur de olika aktörerna involverade i planeringen av byggtransporter och stadsutveckling behöver interagera med varandra utvecklats. Projektet också deltagit i utvecklingen av en sensorbox (partiklar, luftfuktighet, temperatur och ljud) samt slangmätningsmetodik för att öka kunskapen om byggtransporter. Baserat på de resultat som projektet har behovsägarna har påbörjat arbeten med att bättre hantera de störningar som uppstår pga byggprojekt i staden.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Adman, Per, et al.
(författare)
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171 forskare: ”Vi vuxna bör också klimatprotestera”
- 2019
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - Stockholm. - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 26/9. Vuxna bör följa uppmaningen från ungdomarna i Fridays for future-rörelsen och protestera eftersom det politiska ledarskapet är otillräckligt. Omfattande och långvariga påtryckningar från hela samhället behövs för att få de politiskt ansvariga att utöva det ledarskap som klimatkrisen kräver, skriver 171 forskare i samhällsvetenskap och humaniora.
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| 5. |
- Aldi, Silvia, et al.
(författare)
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Dual roles of heparanase in human carotid plaque calcification
- 2019
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 283, s. 127-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: Calcification is a hallmark of advanced atherosclerosis and an active process akin to bone remodeling. Heparanase (HPSE) is an endo-beta-glucuronidase, which cleaves glycosaminoglycan chains of heparan sulfate proteoglycans. The role of HPSE is controversial in osteogenesis and bone remodeling while it is unexplored in vascular calcification. Previously, we reported upregulation of HPSE in human carotid endarterectomies from symptomatic patients and showed correlation of HPSE expression with markers of inflammation and increased thrombogenicity. The present aim is to investigate HPSE expression in relation to genes associated with osteogenesis and osteolysis and the effect of elevated HPSE expression on calcification and osteolysis in vitro.Methods: Transcriptomic and immunohistochemical analyses were performed using the Biobank of Karolinska Endarterectomies (BiKE). In vitro calcification and osteolysis were analysed in human carotid smooth muscle cells overexpressing HPSE and bone marrow-derived osteoclasts from HPSE-transgenic mice respectively.Results: HPSE expression correlated primarily with genes coupled to osteoclast differentiation and function in human carotid atheromas. HPSE was expressed in osteoclast-like cells in atherosclerotic lesions, and HPSE-transgenic bone marrow-derived osteoclasts displayed a higher osteolytic activity compared to wild-type cells. Contrarily, human carotid SMCs with an elevated HPSE expression demonstrated markedly increased mineralization upon osteogenic differentiation.Conclusions: We suggest that HPSE may have dual functions in vascular calcification, depending on the stage of the disease and presence of inflammatory cells. While HPSE plausibly enhances mineralization and osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells, it is associated with inflammation-induced osteoclast differentiation and activity in advanced atherosclerotic plaques.
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| 6. |
- Alm, Jens, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Är barn en del av det planerande kollektivet : En studie om inkludering av barn i planering av kollektivtrafik
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet i denna rapport är att undersöka om och hur barn involveras i den regionala kollektivtrafikplaneringen. De vägledande frågorna för rapporten är följande:Hur har barnkonventionen påverkat arbetet i de regionala kollektivtrafikmyndigheterna?På vilka sätt och i vilka sammanhang inkluderas barn i kollektivtrafikplaneringen?Vilka hinder och möjligheter finns för att involvera barn i kollektivtrafikplaneringen?Projektet inleddes med en litteraturstudie för att kartlägga det rådande internationella och nationella kunskapsläget i frågan om barn i kollektivtrafikplanering och, eftersom studier på specifikt det ämnet var ytterligt få, i samhällsplanering i stort. I ett andra skede av projektet genomfördes dels e-postenkäter och studier av 21 trafikförsörjningsprogram och andra relevanta dokument, dels sju semi-strukturerade intervjuer med tjänstepersoner på sex olika regionala kollektivtrafikmyndigheter.Sammanfattningsvis illustrerar projektet att barnkonventionens implementering i den svenska lagstiftningen inte inneburit större förändringar hos svenska regionala kollektivtrafikmyndigheter i det korta perspektiv som vi studerat. Detta på grund av flertalet orsaker: bristande stöd och vägledning från nationella myndigheter, politiska mål för kollektivtrafiken som inte inkluderar barn, barnperspektiv i planeringen som inte utvecklas till att också inkludera barnen.Projektet har bidragit med ny kunskap om barns mobilitet i relation till kollektivtrafiken.En viktig slutsats är att skoltrafik och linjelagd trafik är tätt sammanbundna ur ett barnsmobilitetsperspektiv och att planeringen av dessa därför också bör vara sammankoppladeför att ett barnrättsperspektiv i kollektivtrafiken på allvar ska kunna uppnås. Detta kräverkommunal och regional samordning, inte bara av trafikplaneringen, utan ocksåsamhällsplanering, så att barnens målpunkter kan vara försörjda av kollektivtrafik,särskild eller linjelagd.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Linus, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Neurocognitive processes underlying heuristic and normative probability judgments
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cognition. - : ELSEVIER. - 0010-0277 .- 1873-7838. ; 196, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Judging two events in combination (A&B) as more probable than one of the events (A) is known as a conjunction fallacy. According to dual-process explanations of human judgment and decision making, the fallacy is due to the application of a heuristic, associative cognitive process. Avoiding the fallacy has been suggested to require the recruitment of a separate process that can apply normative rules. We investigated these assumptions using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during conjunction tasks. Judgments, whether correct or not, engaged a network of brain regions identical to that engaged during similarity judgments. Avoidance of the conjunction fallacy additionally, and uniquely, involved a fronto-parietal network previously linked to supervisory, analytic control processes. The results lend credibility to the idea that incorrect probability judgments are the result of a representativeness heuristic that requires additional neurocognitive resources to avoid.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Early life swimming pool exposure and asthma onset in children : a case-control study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environmental Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1476-069X. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Trichloramine exposure in indoor swimming pools has been suggested to cause asthma in children. We aimed to investigate the risk of asthma onset among children in relation to individual trichloramine exposure.METHODS: A longitudinal nested case-control study of 337 children with asthma (cases) and 633 controls aged 16-17 years was performed within a population-based cohort from The Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden studies (OLIN). Year of asthma onset and exposure time at different ages were obtained in telephone interviews. Trichloramine concentrations in the pool buildings were measured. Skin prick test results for inhalant allergens were available from previous examinations of the cohort. The risk for asthma was analyzed in relation to the cumulative trichloramine exposure before onset of asthma.RESULTS: Swimming pool exposure in early life was associated with a significantly higher risk of pre-school asthma onset. A dose-response relationship between swimming pool exposure and asthma was indicated in children with asthma onset at 1 year of age. Children who were both sensitized and exposed had a particularly high risk.CONCLUSIONS: Early life exposure to chlorinated swimming pool environments was associated with pre-school asthma onset.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Swimming pool attendance is related to asthma among atopic school children : a population-based study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-069X. ; 14:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: By-products of water disinfectants have been suggested to cause asthma, especially in atopic children. However, studies on indoor swimming pool attendance and asthma in children have presented conflicting results. The present study examined the relationship between indoor swimming pool attendance and asthma among sensitized and non-sensitized children aged 11-12 years.Methods: An extended ISAAC questionnaire was sent to the families of all children attending fifth or sixth grade, aged 11-12 years, in two municipalities in Northern Sweden in 2010. A total of 1866 participated (96% of those invited) in the questionnaire study and 1652 (89%) also participated in skin prick testing for 10 standard airborne allergens. Asthma was defined as physician-diagnosed asthma in combination with wheeze or use of asthma medication in the last 12 months. Current swimming pool attendance was reported as >= 1/week or <1/week. Logistic regression models were used for data analysis.Results: The prevalence of current asthma was 8.9% (10.0% of boys; 7.9% of girls) and 14% had attended indoor pools >= 1/week. Children currently attending swimming pools >= 1/week had an increased risk of current asthma. Stratified analyses for allergic sensitization adjusted for sex, parental smoking, parental asthma, and damp housing, showed a statistically significant association for current asthma only among sensitized subjects (OR 95% CI 1.90 1.09-3.32). No association was found between current pool attendance and wheeze, sensitization, rhinitis or eczema.Conclusions: The present study supports the proposed link between indoor swimming pool attendance and asthma in sensitized children.
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| 10. |
- Appelgren, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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Dental plaque pH and ureolytic activity in children and adults of a low caries population
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 72:3, s. 194-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the plaque pH level and ureolytic activity among children and adults of Karen Hill tribes. Methods. Thirty-four children aged 6-10 years and 46 adults aged 20-38 years were interviewed regarding oral hygiene practices, sucrose intake and betel chewing. Caries experience (DMFT and DT), calculus, bleeding on probing (BoP) and Plaque index (PlI) were registered. Ureolytic activity in supragingival plaque was tested at two interproximal sites (11/12 and 41/42) with the rapid urease test (RUT). Registration of plaque pH was performed at two interproximal sites (15/ 16 and 31/41) before, during and 30 min after rinsing with an urea solution (0.25%). Four interproximal plaque samples (one from each quadrant) per individual were collected to test the bacterial composition using the checkerboard technique. Results. Children and adults had similarly low DMFT and DT values. Children had a higher baseline pH and a higher ureolytic activity in the maxilla (p < 0.05) compared with adults. A significant correlation (r(2) = 0.63) was found between baseline pH and urease activity in the mandibular anterior teeth. Caries-free individuals had a higher baseline pH compared with caries active individuals in the anterior mandibular region (p < 0.01). The microbiological composition was characterized by an anaerobic low acidiogenic microbiota. Conclusions. Dental plaque pH is related to the ureolytic activity, which explains the low acidogenic plaque microflora and the low caries levels in the Karen population.
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| 11. |
- Backman, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Decrease in prevalence of COPD in Sweden after decades of decrease in smoking
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 52
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The smoking prevalence in Sweden has steadily decreased during three decades. The prevalence of COPD in Sweden in the 1990s and around the millennium shift was similar to neighboring European countries, i.e. estimated at 11-17%, and of moderate to severe COPD to 7-11%, in ages over 40y.Aim: Has the prevalence of chronic airway obstruction (CAO) and of COPD in Sweden decreased after decades of decreasing smoking prevalence?Methods: Within two large scale population studies in progress, the West Sweden Asthma Study (WSAS) and the Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden Studies (OLIN), the prevalence of COPD in ages 41-72y was calculated among randomly selected subjects from the general population in 2009-2012. The following post-bronchodilator definitions were used; CAO: FEV1/FVCResults: The prevalence of CAO based on the FEV1/FVCConclusion: As prevalence of COPD defined as chronic airway obstruction before and around the millennium shift was estimated at 11-17% in ages >40 years, the prevalence of COPD has decreased in Sweden, and the decrease in smoking over decades is probably the main causal factor.
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| 12. |
- Backman, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Decreased COPD prevalence in Sweden after decades of decrease in smoking
- 2020
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Ingår i: Respiratory Research. - : Springer Nature. - 1465-9921 .- 1465-993X. ; 21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundCOPD has increased in prevalence worldwide over several decades until the first decade after the millennium shift. Evidence from a few recent population studies indicate that the prevalence may be levelling or even decreasing in some areas in Europe. Since the 1970s, a substantial and ongoing decrease in smoking prevalence has been observed in several European countries including Sweden. The aim of the current study was to estimate the prevalence, characteristics and risk factors for COPD in the Swedish general population. A further aim was to estimate the prevalence trend of COPD in Northern Sweden from 1994 to 2009.MethodsTwo large random population samples were invited to spirometry with bronchodilator testing and structured interviews in 2009–2012, one in south-western and one in northern Sweden, n = 1839 participants in total. The results from northern Sweden were compared to a study performed 15 years earlier in the same area and age-span. The diagnosis of COPD required both chronic airway obstruction (CAO) and the presence of respiratory symptoms, in line with the GOLD documents since 2017. CAO was defined as post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < 0.70, with sensitivity analyses based on the FEV1/FVC < lower limit of normal (LLN) criterion.ResultsBased on the fixed ratio definition, the prevalence of COPD was 7.0% (men 8.3%; women 5.8%) in 2009–2012. The prevalence of moderate to severe (GOLD ≥ 2) COPD was 3.5%. The LLN based results were about 30% lower. Smoking, occupational exposures, and older age were risk factors for COPD, whereof smoking was the most dominating risk factor. In northern Sweden the prevalence of COPD, particularly moderate to severe COPD, decreased significantly from 1994 to 2009, and the decrease followed a decrease in smoking.ConclusionsThe prevalence of COPD has decreased in Sweden, and the prevalence of moderate to severe COPD was particularly low. The decrease follows a major decrease in smoking prevalence over several decades, but smoking remained the dominating risk factor for COPD.
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| 13. |
- Backman, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Decreased prevalence of moderate to severe COPD over 15 years in northern Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 114, s. 103-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The burden of COPD in terms of mortality, morbidity, costs and prevalence has increased worldwide. Recent results on prevalence in Western Europe are conflicting. In Sweden smoking prevalence has steadily decreased over the past 30 years. Aim: The aim was to study changes in prevalence and risk factor patterns of COPD in the same area and within the same age-span 15 years apart. Material and methods: Two population-based cross-sectional samples in ages 23-72 years participating at examinations in 1994 and 2009, respectively, were compared in terms of COPD prevalence, severity and risk factor patterns. Two different definitions of COPD were used; FEV1/FVC < LLN and FEV1/FVC < 0.7. The severity of COPD was assessed by FEV1, both as % of predicted and in relation to the LLN. Results: The prevalence of COPD decreased significantly from 9.5% to 6.3% (p = 0.030) according to the FEV1/FVC < LLN criterion, while the decrease based on the FEV1/FVC < 0.7 criterion from 10.5% to 8.5% was non-significant. The prevalence of moderate to severe COPD decreased substantially and significantly, and the risk factor pattern was altered in 2009 when, beside age and smoking, also socioeconomic status based on occupation was significantly associated with COPD. Conclusions: Changes in both prevalence and risk factor patterns of COPD were observed between surveys. Following a continuing decrease in smoking habits over several decades, a decrease in the prevalence of moderate to severe COPD was observed from 1994 to 2009 in northern Sweden.
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| 14. |
- Backman, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Decreased prevalence of moderate to severe COPD over 15 years in northern Sweden
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The burden of COPD in terms of mortality, morbidity, costs and prevalence has increased worldwide. Recent results on prevalence in Western Europe are conflicting. In Sweden smoking prevalence has steadily decreased over the past 30 years. Aim: The aim was to study changes in prevalence and risk factor patterns of COPD in the same area and within the same age-span 15 years apart.Material and methods: Two population-based cross-sectional samples in ages 23-72 years participating at examinations in 1994 and 2009, respectively, were compared in terms of COPD prevalence, severity and risk factor patterns. Two different definitions of COPD were used; FEV1/FVC1/FVC<0.7. The severity of COPD was assessed by FEV1, both as % of predicted and in relation to the LLN.Results: The prevalence of COPD decreased significantly from 9.5% to 6.3% (p=0.030) according to the FEV1/FVC1/FVC<0.7 criterion from 10.5% to 8.5% was non-significant. The prevalence of moderate to severe COPD decreased substantially and significantly, and the risk factor pattern was altered in 2009 when, beside age and smoking, also socio-economic status based on occupation was significantly associated with COPD. Conclusions: Changes in both prevalence and risk factor patterns of COPD were observed between surveys. Following a continuing decrease in smoking habits over several decades, a decrease in the prevalence of moderate to severe COPD was observed from 1994 to 2009 in northern Sweden.
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| 15. |
- Backman, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Lung function trajectories and associated mortality among adults with and without airway obstruction
- 2023
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Ingår i: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. - : American Thoracic Society. - 1073-449X .- 1535-4970. ; 208:10, s. 1063-1074
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale: Spirometry is essential for diagnosis and assessment of prognosis in COPD.Objectives: To identify FEV1 trajectories and their determinants, based on annual spirometry measurements among individuals with and without airway obstruction. Furthermore, to assess mortality in relation to trajectories.Methods: In 2002-04, individuals with airway obstruction (AO) (FEV1/VC<0.70, n=993) and age- and sex-matched non-obstructive (NO) referents were recruited from population-based cohorts. Annual spirometries until 2014 were utilized in joint-survival Latent Class Mixed Models to identify lung function trajectories. Mortality data were collected during 15 years of follow-up.Results: Three trajectories were identified among the AO-cases and two among the NO referents. Trajectory membership was driven by baseline FEV1%predicted (%pred) in both groups and additionaly, pack-years in AO and current smoking in NO. Longitudinal FEV1%pred level depended on baseline FEV1%pred, pack-years and obesity. The trajectories were distributed: 79.6% T1AO FEV1-high with normal decline, 12.8% T2AO FEV1-high with rapid decline, and 7.7% T3AO FEV1-low with normal decline (mean 27, 72 and 26 mL/year) among AO-individuals, and 96.7% T1NO FEV1-high with normal decline and 3.3% T2NO FEV1-high with rapid decline (mean 34 and 173 mL/year) among referents. Hazard for death was increased for T2AO (HR1.56) and T3AO (HR3.45) vs. T1AO, and for T2NO (HR2.99) vs. T1NO.Conclusions: Three different FEV1 trajectories were identified among those with airway obstruction and two among the referents, with different outcomes in terms of FEV1-decline and mortality. The FEV1 trajectories among airway obstructive and the relationship between low FVC and trajectory outcome are of particular clinical interest.
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| 16. |
- Backman, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Restrictive spirometric pattern in the general adult population: Methods of defining the condition and consequences on prevalence
- 2016
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 120, s. 116-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Attempts have been made to use dynamic spirometry to define restrictive lung function, but the definition of a restrictive spirometric pattern (RSP) varies between studies such as BOLD and NHANES. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of RSP among adults in northern Sweden based on different definitions. Methods In 2008–2009 a general population sample aged 21–86y within the obstructive lung disease in northern Sweden (OLIN) studies was examined by structured interview and spirometry, and 726 subjects participated (71% of invited). The prevalence of RSP was calculated according to three different definitions based on pre-as well as post-bronchodilator spirometry: 1) FVC<80% & FEV1/FVC>0.7 2) FVC<80% & FEV1/FVC>LLN 3) FVCLLN Results The three definitions yielded RSP prevalence estimates of 10.5%, 11.2% and 9.4% respectively, when based on pre-bronchodilator values. The prevalence was lower when based on post-bronchodilator values, i.e. 7.3%, 7.9% and 6.6%. According to definition 1 and 2, the RSP prevalence increased by age, but not according to definition 3. The overlap between the definitions was substantial. When corrected for confounding factors, manual work in industry and diabetes with obesity were independently associated with an increased risk for RSP regardless of definition. Conclusions The prevalence of RSP was 7–11%. The prevalence estimates differed more depending on the choice of pre- compared to post-bronchodilator values than on the choice of RSP definition. RSP was, regardless of definition, independently associated with manual work in industry and diabetes with obesity. © 2016 The Authors
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| 17. |
- Backman, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Severe asthma : A population study perspective
- 2019
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 49:6, s. 819-828
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundSevere asthma is a considerable challenge for patients, health care professionals and society. Few studies have estimated the prevalence of severe asthma according to modern definitions of which none based on a population study.ObjectiveTo describe characteristics and estimate the prevalence of severe asthma in a large adult population‐based asthma cohort followed for 10‐28 years.MethodsN=1006 subjects with asthma participated in a follow‐up during 2012‐14, when 830 (mean age 59y, 56% women) still had current asthma. Severe asthma was defined according to three internationally well‐known criteria: the ATS workshop definition from 2000 used in the US Severe Asthma Research Program (SARP), the 2014 ATS/ERS Task force definition and the GINA 2017. All subjects with severe asthma according to any of these criteria were undergoing respiratory specialist care, and were also contacted by telephone to verify treatment adherence.ResultsThe prevalence of severe asthma according to the three definitions was 3.6% (US SARP), 4.8% (ERS/ATS Taskforce), and 6.1% (GINA) among subjects with current asthma. Although all were using high ICS doses and other maintenance treatment, >40% had uncontrolled asthma according to the asthma control test. Severe asthma was related to age >50 years, nasal polyposis, impaired lung function, sensitization to aspergillus, and tended to be more common in women. Further, neutrophils in blood significantly discriminated severe asthma from other asthma.Conclusions and clinical relevanceSevere asthma differed significantly from other asthma in terms of demographic, clinical and inflammatory characteristics, results suggesting possibilities for improved treatment regimens of severe asthma. The prevalence of severe asthma in this asthma cohort was 4‐6%, corresponding to approximately 0.5% of the general population.
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| 18. |
- Backman, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Severe asthma among adults : Prevalence and clinical characteristics
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 52
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Severe asthma is a considerable challenge for patients, health care professionals and society. Few studies have estimated the prevalence of severe asthma according to modern definitions of which none based on a population study.Methods: We estimated the prevalence and studied characteristics of severe asthma in a large adult population-based asthma cohort followed for 10-28 years in northern Sweden: 1006 subjects participated in a follow-up during 2012-14, when 830 (82.5%) still had current asthma (mean age 59y, 32-92y, 56% women). Severe asthma was defined according to three internationally well-known criteria: the US SARP, ATS/ERS and GINA. All subjects with severe asthma were undergoing respiratory specialist care, and were also contacted by telephone to verify adherence to treatment.Results: The prevalence of severe asthma according to the three definitions was 3.6% (US SARP), 4.8% (ERS/ATS), and 6.1% (GINA) among subjects with current asthma. Although all were using high ICS doses and other maintenance treatment, >40% had uncontrolled asthma and <10% had controlled asthma according to the ACT. Severe asthma was related to age >50 years, nasal polyposis, decreased FEV1, not fully reversible airway obstruction, sensitization to aspergillus, elevated neutrophils and partly to eosinophils, and tended to be more common in women.Conclusion: The prevalence of severe asthma in this asthma cohort was 4-6%, corresponding to approximately 0.5% of the population in northern Sweden. A substantial proportion of those with severe asthma had uncontrolled disease, and severe asthma differed significantly from other asthma in terms of both clinical and inflammatory characteristics.
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| 19. |
- Balfors, Berit, Professor, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Strategisk miljöbedömning för nationell transportplanering med fokus på inriktningsunderlaget
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport utgör ett inspel till Trafikverket i en analys om hur strategisk miljöbedömning kan användas i den statliga transportplaneringens tidiga skeden med fokus på inriktningsunderlaget. Rapporten är framtaget inom projektet ”TRAMP- Är långsiktig transportplanering och miljöbedömning kompatibla processer?” som är ett forsknings- och innovationsprojekt (FoI), finansierat av Trafikverket under perioden 2017 - 2019. Deltagande forskare i projektet är Berit Balfors och Ulrika Gunnarsson-Östling, KTH, Kristina Lundberg och Tobias Robinson, Ecoloop, Karolina Isaksson och Linnea Eriksson, VTI.FoI-projektet har planerats för att successivt leverera användbart underlag till Trafikverket. Föreliggande rapport är ett underlag inför Trafikverkets arbete med att ta fram ett inriktningsunderlag.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Bauters, Marijn, et al.
(författare)
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Contrasting nitrogen fluxes in African tropical forests of the Congo Basin
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ecological Monographs. - : Wiley. - 0012-9615 .- 1557-7015. ; 89:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The observation of high losses of bioavailable nitrogen (N) and N richness in tropical forests is paradoxical with an apparent lack of N input. Hence, the current concept asserts that biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) must be a major N input for tropical forests. However, well-characterized N cycles are rare and geographically biased; organic N compounds are often neglected and soil gross N cycling is not well quantified. We conducted comprehensive N input and output measurements in four tropical forest types of the Congo Basin with contrasting biotic (mycorrhizal association) and abiotic (lowland–highland) environments. In 12 standardized setups, we monitored N deposition, throughfall, litterfall, leaching, and export during one hydrological year and completed this empirical N budget with nitrous oxide (N2O) flux measurement campaigns in both wet and dry season and insitu gross soil N transformations using 15N-tracing and numerical modeling. We found that all forests showed a very tight soil N cycle, with gross mineralization to immobilization ratios (M/I) close to 1 and relatively low gross nitrification to mineralization ratios (N/M). This was in line with the observation of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) dominating N losses for the most abundant, arbuscular mycorrhizal associated, lowland forest type, but in contrast with high losses of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in all other forest types. Altogether, our observations show that different forest types in central Africa exhibit N fluxes of contrasting magnitudes and N-species composition. In contrast to many Neotropical forests, our estimated N budgets of central African forests are imbalanced by a higher N input than output, with organic N contributing significantly to the input-output balance. This suggests that important other losses that are unaccounted for (e.g., NOx and N2 as well as particulate N) might play a major role in the N cycle of mature African tropical forests.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Berg, Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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The Welfare Quality® assessment protocol: how can it be adapted to family farming dual purpose cattle raised under extensive systems in tropical conditions?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Animal Welfare. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0962-7286 .- 2054-1538. ; 26, s. 177-184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Family farming is still the main source of income for many people in the tropical regions of the world. At the same time, modern society is quickly becoming more aware of the welfare of animals for human consumption. The main objective of this study was to illustrate the need to modify certain aspects of the original Welfare Quality (R) ( WQ) protocols developed by the EU-funded WQ project, under the conditions of small community farmers in the tropics. Thirty-four dual purpose farms in the State of Chiapas, Mexico, which had their main production focus on milk but for whom beef production was also of significant value, were evaluated utilising a merged version of the WQ protocols for dairy and beef cattle. Based on their average score, the farms obtained at least an acceptable level in each indicator of welfare. However, after merging indicators from the dairy and beef cattle protocols of WQ in order to adjust it to the prevailing conditions in the tropics, a number of sections are not applicable. This is particularly true of the section related to good housing, where most of the items do not apply due to the absence of infrastructure; the farms obtained a very high score in this section but further studies to verify whether this reflects an accurate assessment of the welfare status should be carried out. In general, the approach of the WQ protocol was useful, however certain aspects are quite different from the conventional intensive farming systems predominantly used in Europe and there is a need to implement a number of modifications.
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| 24. |
- Broberg, Anders G, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Stöd till barn som bevittnat våld mot mamma - Resultat från en nationell utvärdering
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Barn som bevittnar våld mot en förälder som de är beroende av för sitt välbefinnande utsätts för en form av våld. Barn behöver – i synnerhet under den tidiga barndomen – föräldrar som prioriterar barnets behov framför sina egna. När barnets ena förälder – eller någon annan som bor med familjen – slår eller förgriper sig på den andra föräldern blir barnet känslomässigt övergivet och skyddslöst. Barn kan bevittna våld mot en primär omsorgsgivare under kortare eller längre peri-oder i sitt liv, men ofta innebär det ett liv begränsat av olika typer av makt, övergrepp och förtryck. Sådana upplevelser medför en ökad risk för att barnet utvecklar problem såsom posttraumatisk stress, depression, beteendeproblem och problem med sociala relationer – både inom familjen och med kamrater. Sedan 2007 är socialtjänstens ansvar, för att barn som bevittnat våld får det stöd och den hjälp de behöver, förtydligat i Socialtjänstlagen. Det viktigaste stödet för barn som bevittnat våld mot sin mamma är skydd från fortsatt utsatthet. Internationellt sett är den vanligaste formen av stöd till barn, utöver sådant skydd, samtal i grupp. Det finns dock stora skillnader mellan vilka mål programmen är tänkta att uppnå, vilket medför att utvärderingsstudier använder varierande mått för att bedöma vad som är ett ”lyckat utfall”. Detta försvårar i sin tur jämförelser av utvärde-ringar av dessa program. I Sverige är den vanligaste typen av insats fortfarande indivi-duella samtal, även om gruppverksamheter för barn har blivit vanligare de senaste 10 åren. Kunskapen om effekterna av de metoder som utvecklats inom och utom social-tjänsten för att stödja barn som bevittnat våld mot mamma är fortfarande begränsad internationellt och i Sverige är den i stort sett obefintlig. Göteborgs universitet fick 2008 i uppdrag av Socialstyrelsen att utvärdera effekten av insatser riktade till barn som bevittnat våld mot sin mamma. Syftet med utvärderingen var att studera förändringar i barns hälsa och välbefinnande efter stödinsatser, med ut-gångspunkt i mammors och barns beskrivningar.
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| 25. |
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