| 1. |
- Obers, Niels A., et al.
(författare)
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Quantum gravity phenomenology at the dawn of the multi-messenger era—A review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0146-6410 .- 1873-2224. ; 125
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The exploration of the universe has recently entered a new era thanks to the multi-messenger paradigm, characterized by a continuous increase in the quantity and quality of experimental data that is obtained by the detection of the various cosmic messengers (photons, neutrinos, cosmic rays and gravitational waves) from numerous origins. They give us information about their sources in the universe and the properties of the intergalactic medium. Moreover, multi-messenger astronomy opens up the possibility to search for phenomenological signatures of quantum gravity. On the one hand, the most energetic events allow us to test our physical theories at energy regimes which are not directly accessible in accelerators; on the other hand, tiny effects in the propagation of very high energy particles could be amplified by cosmological distances. After decades of merely theoretical investigations, the possibility of obtaining phenomenological indications of Planck-scale effects is a revolutionary step in the quest for a quantum theory of gravity, but it requires cooperation between different communities of physicists (both theoretical and experimental). This review, prepared within the COST Action CA18108 “Quantum gravity phenomenology in the multi-messenger approach”, is aimed at promoting this cooperation by giving a state-of-the art account of the interdisciplinary expertise that is needed in the effective search of quantum gravity footprints in the production, propagation and detection of cosmic messengers.
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| 2. |
- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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| 3. |
- Ferreira, Rafael A., et al.
(författare)
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Ferrimagnetism and spin excitation in a Ni-Mn partially inverted spinel prepared using a modified polymeric precursor method
- 2014
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Ingår i: Materials Chemistry and Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0254-0584. ; 146:1-2, s. 58-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate that a Ni-Mn oxide partially inverted spinel (Ni1-pMnv)[NivMn2-v]O-4 having inversion degree v approximate to 0.8 and produced by a modified polymeric precursor method exhibits behaviour previously reported only in monophased samples. The structure of the specimen was determined using Rietveld analysis of X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data, showing that at room temperature the material crystallizes in the Fd3(over bar)m space group with a lattice constant a = 8.392 angstrom. Combining magnetization measurements with neutron powder diffraction, we show that the magnetic structure of this spinel is associated with the interplay between the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic lattices which coexist due to the cations' presence on both tetrahedral and octahedral sites. Our analysis of the neutron diffraction data confirms the postulated magnetic structure involving a star-like moment arrangement, arising from competition for the B (octahedral) spinel sites by the Ni and Mn cations. Finally, we show that strong magnetic fluctuations are observed in the inelastic neutron scattering data. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Bauer, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Association between solar insolation and a history of suicide attempts in bipolar I disorder.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of psychiatric research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1379 .- 0022-3956. ; 113, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many international studies, rates of completed suicide and suicide attempts have a seasonal pattern that peaks in spring or summer. This exploratory study investigated the association between solar insolation and a history of suicide attempt in patients with bipolar I disorder. Solar insolation is the amount of electromagnetic energy from the Sun striking a surface area on Earth. Data were collected previously from 5536 patients with bipolar I disorder at 50 collection sites in 32 countries at a wide range of latitudes in both hemispheres. Suicide related data were available for 3365 patients from 310 onset locations in 51 countries. 1047 (31.1%) had a history of suicide attempt. There was a significant inverse association between a history of suicide attempt and the ratio of mean winter solar insolation/mean summer solar insolation. This ratio is smallest near the poles where the winter insolation is very small compared to the summer insolation. This ratio is largest near the equator where there is relatively little variation in the insolation over the year. Other variables in the model that were positively associated with suicide attempt were being female, a history of alcohol or substance abuse, and being in a younger birth cohort. Living in a country with a state-sponsored religion decreased the association. (All estimated coefficients p<0.01). In summary, living in locations with large changes in solar insolation between winter and summer may be associated with increased suicide attempts in patients with bipolar disorder. Further investigation of the impacts of solar insolation on the course of bipolar disorder is needed.
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| 5. |
- da Silva, Fabiano G., et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of Machine Learning Techniques for Oil Rig Classification in C-Band SAR Images
- 2022
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Ingår i: Remote Sensing. - : MDPI. - 2072-4292. ; 14:13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article aims at performing maritime target classification in SAR images using machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques. In particular, the targets of interest are oil platforms and ships located in the Campos Basin, Brazil. Two convolutional neural networks (CNNs), VGG-16 and VGG-19, were used for attribute extraction. The logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbours (kNN), decision tree (DT), naive Bayes (NB), neural networks (NET), and AdaBoost (ADBST) schemes were considered for classification. The target classification methods were evaluated using polarimetric images obtained from the C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system Sentinel-1. Classifiers are assessed by the accuracy indicator. The LR, SVM, NET, and stacking results indicate better performance, with accuracy ranging from 84.1% to 85.5%. The Kruskal–Wallis test shows a significant difference with the tested classifier, indicating that some classifiers present different accuracy results. The optimizations provide results with more significant accuracy gains, making them competitive with those shown in the literature. There is no exact combination of methods for SAR image classification that will always guarantee the best accuracy. The optimizations performed in this article were for the specific data set of the Campos Basin, and results may change depending on the data set format and the number of images. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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| 6. |
- da Silva, Fabiano G., et al.
(författare)
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Hybrid Feature Extraction Based on PCA and CNN for Oil Rig Classification in C-Band SAR Imagery
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Feature extraction techniques play an essential role in classifying and recognizing targets in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. This article proposes a hybrid feature extraction technique based on convolutional neural networks and principal component analysis. The proposed method is used to extract features of oil rigs and ships in C-band synthetic aperture radar polarimetric images obtained with the Sentinel-1 satellite system. The extracted features are used as input in the logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), naive Bayes (NB), decision tree (DT), and k-nearest-neighbors (kNN) classification algorithms. Furthermore, the statistical tests of Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn were considered to show that the proposed extraction algorithm has a significant impact on the performance of the classifiers. © 2022 SPIE.
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| 7. |
- del Pozo, Freddy G., et al.
(författare)
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Single Crystal-Like Performance in Solution-Coated Thin-Film Organic Field-Effect Transistors
- 2016
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Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 26:14, s. 2379-2386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In electronics, the field-effect transistor (FET) is a crucial cornerstone and successful integration of this semiconductor device into circuit applications requires stable and ideal electrical characteristics over a wide range of temperatures and environments. Solution processing, using printing or coating techniques, has been explored to manufacture organic field-effect transistors (OFET) on flexible carriers, enabling radically novel electronics applications. Ideal electrical characteristics, in organic materials, are typically only found in single crystals. Tiresome growth and manipulation of these hamper practical production of flexible OFETs circuits. To date, neither devices nor any circuits, based on solution-processed OFETs, has exhibited an ideal set of characteristics similar or better than todays FET technology based on amorphous silicon. Here, bar-assisted meniscus shearing of dibenzo-tetrathiafulvalene to coat-process self-organized crystalline organic semiconducting domains with high reproducibility is reported. Including these coatings as the channel in OFETs, electric field and temperature-independent charge carrier mobility and no bias stress effects are observed. Furthermore, record-high gain in OFET inverters and exceptional operational stability in both air and water are measured.
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| 8. |
- Di Maria, Francesca, et al.
(författare)
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Controlling the Functional Properties of Oligothiophene Crystalline Nano/Microfibers via Tailoring of the Self-Assembling Molecular Precursors
- 2018
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Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 28:32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oligothiophenes are π-conjugated semiconducting and fluorescent molecules whose self-assembly properties are widely investigated for application in organic electronics, optoelectronics, biophotonics, and sensing. Here an approach to the preparation of crystalline oligothiophene nano/microfibers is reported based on the use of a “sulfur overrich” quaterthiophene building block, T4S4 , containing in its covalent network all the information needed to promote the directional, π–π stacking-driven, self-assembly of Y-T4S4-Y oligomers into fibers with hierarchical supramolecular arrangement from nano- to microscale. It is shown that when Y varies from unsubstituted thiophene to thiophene substituted with electron-withdrawing groups, a wide redistribution of the molecular electronic charge takes place without substantially affecting the aggregation modalities of the oligomer. In this way, a structurally comparable series of fibers is obtained having progressively varying optical properties, redox potentials, photoconductivity, and type of prevailing charge carriers (from p- to n-type). With the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, combined with powder X-ray diffraction data, a model accounting for the growth of the fibers from molecular to nano- and microscale is proposed
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| 9. |
- Fabiano, Nicholas, et al.
(författare)
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Physical Activity, Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Attempt and Death Among Individuals With Mental or Other Medical Disorders : A Systematic Review of Observational Studies
- 2024
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Ingår i: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. - : Pergamon Press. - 0149-7634 .- 1873-7528. ; 158
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- A growing body of research has demonstrated the potential role for physical activity as an intervention across mental and other medical disorders. However, the association between physical activity and suicidal ideation, attempts, and deaths has not been systematically appraised in clinical samples. We conducted a PRISMA 2020-compliant systematic review searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO for observational studies investigating the influence of physical activity on suicidal behaviour up to December 6, 2023. Of 116 eligible full-text studies, seven (n=141691) were included. Depression was the most frequently studied c mental condition (43%, k=3), followed by chronic pain as the most common other medical condition (29%, k=2). Two case-control studies examined suicide attempts and found an association between physical activity and a reduced frequency of such attempts. However, in studies examining suicidal ideation (k=3) or suicide deaths (k=2), no consistent associations with physical activity were observed. Overall, our systematic review found that physical activity may be linked to a lower frequency of suicide attempts in non-prospective studies involving individuals with mental disorders.
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| 10. |
- Fabiano, Simone, et al.
(författare)
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On the fundamentals of organic mixed ionic/electronic conductors
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry C. - : ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY. - 2050-7526 .- 2050-7534. ; 11:42, s. 14527-14539
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first Telluride Science meeting (formerly TSRC) on organic mixed ionic and electronic conductors (OMIECs), Oct 3-7, 2022, brought together researchers across the field to understand the fundamental processes and identify out-standing questions related to this exciting class of materials. OMIECs are organic materials that promote the transport of mobile electronic charge carriers while simultaneously supporting ionic transport and ionic-electronic coupling. These properties open up broad areas of applications from energy to bioelectronics. Devices include batteries, supercapacitors, actuators, electrochromic displays, and organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). They possess the key strengths of traditional organic electronic materials, such as synthetic tunability and low-temperature processing. Despite the recent advances in devices and applications achieved with such materials, many challenges and gaps in understanding remain. These topics hold the key to designing next-generation materials and devices that continue to push the limits of performance and stability and facilitate novel functionality. This perspective aims to summarize the current understanding, conversations, and debates that made this TSRC particularly engaging, enabling new directions and searching for missing pieces of the OMIEC puzzle. This perspective offers insights from discussions conducted during the Telluride Science meeting on organic mixed ionic and electronic conductors, outlining the challenges associated with understanding the behavior of this intriguing materials class.
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| 11. |
- Gao, Hong, et al.
(författare)
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The landscape of tolerated genetic variation in humans and primates
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 380:6648
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Personalized genome sequencing has revealed millions of genetic differences between individuals, but our understanding of their clinical relevance remains largely incomplete. To systematically decipher the effects of human genetic variants, we obtained whole-genome sequencing data for 809 individuals from 233 primate species and identified 4.3 million common protein-altering variants with orthologs in humans. We show that these variants can be inferred to have nondeleterious effects in humans based on their presence at high allele frequencies in other primate populations. We use this resource to classify 6% of all possible human protein-altering variants as likely benign and impute the pathogenicity of the remaining 94% of variants with deep learning, achieving state-of-the-art accuracy for diagnosing pathogenic variants in patients with genetic diseases.
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| 12. |
- Gerhardinger, Leopoldo C., et al.
(författare)
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Healing Brazil's Blue Amazon : The role of knowledge networks in nurturing cross-scale transformations at the frontlines of ocean sustainability
- 2018
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Marine Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-7745. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- HIGHLIGHTS • The Anthropocene compels unlocking of ocean-related network capabilities. • Orchestration of local, regional, and global knowledge networks can augment transformative capacity. • Transdisciplinary network diagnostics are promising social learning tools. • Strategic advice for transformational research in ocean territories are provided. This paper dedicates to understanding of what is needed to achieve the transformation of ocean governance. Based on the theory of transformative agency conceptualized in a multi-level governance context, we build on recent novel inter- and transdisciplinary research in Brazil to explore the opportunities for transformation in the dynamic, complex, and multi-level field of ocean governance. We focus this analysis on three transformation processes toward developing a socially and ecologically coherent marine protected area network as the core of a marine spatial planning process for enhanced ecosystem-based polycentric governance of the country's Exclusive Economic Zone. The findings illuminate leverage points for achieving (much needed) transformation in Brazilian ocean governance and potentially beyond. These include: connecting transformative actions into coherent narratives and testing strategic advice derived from theories of transformative agency to promote regime shifts in ocean governance systems; setting of more ambitious social mobilization targets; fostering orchestration of knowledge-networks considering multiple issues, territorial and institutional levels; implementing institutional learning experiments; supporting transformational trajectories toward co-evolutionary, polycentric, ecosystem- and area-based ocean governance systems; and pursuing gradual, incremental structural understanding of a given knowledge network field as a major driver of catalyzing transformative change. Hereby, this article advances understanding of how to better navigate the transformation toward enhanced sustainability in an important part of the Atlantic and hence of our global ocean.
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| 13. |
- Kuderna, Lukas F. K., et al.
(författare)
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A global catalog of whole-genome diversity from 233 primate species
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 380:6648, s. 906-913
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rich diversity of morphology and behavior displayed across primate species provides an informative context in which to study the impact of genomic diversity on fundamental biological processes. Analysis of that diversity provides insight into long-standing questions in evolutionary and conservation biology and is urgent given severe threats these species are facing. Here, we present high-coverage wholegenome data from 233 primate species representing 86% of genera and all 16 families. This dataset was used, together with fossil calibration, to create a nuclear DNA phylogeny and to reassess evolutionary divergence times among primate clades. We found within-species genetic diversity across families and geographic regions to be associated with climate and sociality, but not with extinction risk. Furthermore, mutation rates differ across species, potentially influenced by effective population sizes. Lastly, we identified extensive recurrence of missense mutations previously thought to be human specific. This study will open a wide range of research avenues for future primate genomic research.
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| 14. |
- Kuderna, Lukas F. K., et al.
(författare)
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Identification of constrained sequence elements across 239 primate genomes
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 625:7996, s. 735-742
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Noncoding DNA is central to our understanding of human gene regulation and complex diseases1,2, and measuring the evolutionary sequence constraint can establish the functional relevance of putative regulatory elements in the human genome3,4,5,6,7,8,9. Identifying the genomic elements that have become constrained specifically in primates has been hampered by the faster evolution of noncoding DNA compared to protein-coding DNA10, the relatively short timescales separating primate species11, and the previously limited availability of whole-genome sequences12. Here we construct a whole-genome alignment of 239 species, representing nearly half of all extant species in the primate order. Using this resource, we identified human regulatory elements that are under selective constraint across primates and other mammals at a 5% false discovery rate. We detected 111,318 DNase I hypersensitivity sites and 267,410 transcription factor binding sites that are constrained specifically in primates but not across other placental mammals and validate their cis-regulatory effects on gene expression. These regulatory elements are enriched for human genetic variants that affect gene expression and complex traits and diseases. Our results highlight the important role of recent evolution in regulatory sequence elements differentiating primates, including humans, from other placental mammals.
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| 15. |
- Liu, Jian, et al.
(författare)
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Amphipathic Side Chain of a Conjugated Polymer Optimizes Dopant Location toward Efficient N-Type Organic Thermoelectrics
- 2021
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is no molecular strategy for selectively increasing the Seebeck coefficient without reducing the electrical conductivity for organic thermoelectrics. Here, it is reported that the use of amphipathic side chains in an n-type donor-acceptor copolymer can selectively increase the Seebeck coefficient and thus increase the power factor by a factor of approximate to 5. The amphipathic side chain contains an alkyl chain segment as a spacer between the polymer backbone and an ethylene glycol type chain segment. The use of this alkyl spacer does not only reduce the energetic disorder in the conjugated polymer film but can also properly control the dopant sites away from the backbone, which minimizes the adverse influence of counterions. As confirmed by kinetic Monte Carlo simulations with the host-dopant distance as the only variable, a reduced Coulombic interaction resulting from a larger host-dopant distance contributes to a higher Seebeck coefficient for a given electrical conductivity. Finally, an optimized power factor of 18 mu W m(-1) K-2 is achieved in the doped polymer film. This work provides a facile molecular strategy for selectively improving the Seebeck coefficient and opens up a new route for optimizing the dopant location toward realizing better n-type polymeric thermoelectrics.
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| 16. |
- Mitraka, Evangelia, et al.
(författare)
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Solution processed liquid metal-conducting polymer hybrid thin films as electrochemical pH-threshold indicators
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry C. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2050-7526 .- 2050-7534. ; 3:29, s. 7604-7611
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A global and accurate mapping of the environment could be achieved if sensors and indicators are mass-produced at low cost. Printed electronics using polymeric (semi) conductors offer a platform for such sensor/indicator based circuits. Herein, we present the material concept for an electrochemical pH-threshold indicator based on a printable hybrid electrode which comprises a liquid metal alloy (GaInSn) embedded in a conducting polymer matrix (PEDOT). This hybrid electrode displays a large variation in open circuit potential versus pH in an electrochemical cell, which when connected to the gate of an electrochemical transistor leads to a dramatic change in the drain current in a narrow range of pH.
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| 17. |
- Moreira, André R., et al.
(författare)
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Classification of Oil Rigs in SAR Images Using RPCA-Based Preprocessing
- 2024
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, EUSAR. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9783800762873 ; , s. 432-437
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper uses a signal separation method called Robust Principal Component Analysis (RPCA) as a pre-processing technique to improve the classification of oil rigs in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. After the pre-processing method, features are extracted from the images using the VGG-16 convolutional neural network. These features guide classification through Support Vector Machine (SVM), Neural Networks, and Logistic Regression algorithms. The experiments used SAR images from the Sentinel-1 system, C-band, and VH polarization. Early results highlight that preprocessing improves classification accuracy compared to conventional methods. © VDE VERLAG GMBH ∙ Berlin ∙ Offenbach.
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| 18. |
- Petsagkourakis, Ioannis, et al.
(författare)
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Improved Performance of Organic Thermoelectric Generators Through Interfacial Energetics
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advanced Science. - : WILEY. - 2198-3844. ; 10:20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interfacial energetics are known to play a crucial role in organic diodes, transistors, and sensors. Designing the metal-organic interface has been a tool to optimize the performance of organic (opto)electronic devices, but this is not reported for organic thermoelectrics. In this work, it is demonstrated that the electrical power of organic thermoelectric generators (OTEGs) is also strongly dependent on the metal-organic interfacial energetics. Without changing the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) of polythiophene-based conducting polymers, the generated power of an OTEG can vary by three orders of magnitude simply by tuning the work function of the metal contact to reach above 1000 mu W cm(-2). The effective Seebeck coefficient (S-eff) of a metal/polymer/metal single leg OTEG includes an interfacial contribution (V-inter/Delta T) in addition to the intrinsic bulk Seebeck coefficient of the polythiophenes, such that S-eff = S + V-inter/Delta T varies from 22.7 mu V K-1 [9.4 mu V K-1] with Al to 50.5 mu V K-1 [26.3 mu V K-1] with Pt for poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):p-toluenesulfonate [poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate)]. Spectroscopic techniques are used to reveal a redox interfacial reaction affecting locally the doping level of the polymer at the vicinity of the metal-organic interface and conclude that the energetics at the metal-polymer interface provides a new strategy to enhance the performance of OTEGs.
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| 19. |
- Veronese, Nicola, et al.
(författare)
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Interventions to prevent and treat delirium: An umbrella review of randomized controlled trials
- 2024
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Ingår i: Ageing Research Reviews. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 1568-1637 .- 1872-9649. ; 97
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Delirium is a common condition across different settings and populations. The interventions for preventing and managing this condition are still poorly known. The aim of this umbrella review is to synthesize and grade all preventative and therapeutic interventions for delirium. We searched five databases from database inception up to March 15th, 2023 and we included meta -analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to decrease the risk of/the severity of delirium. From 1959 records after deduplication, we included 59 systematic reviews with meta -analyses, providing 110 meta -analytic estimates across populations, interventions, outcomes, settings, and age groups (485 unique RCTs, 172,045 participants). In surgery setting, for preventing delirium, high GRADE evidence supported dexmedetomidine (RR =0.53; 95%CI: 0.46 -0.67, k =13, N =3988) and comprehensive geriatric assessment (OR =0.46; 95%CI =0.32 -0.67, k =3, N =496) in older adults, dexmedetomidine in adults (RR =0.33, 95%CI =0.24 -0.45, k =7, N =1974), A2-adrenergic agonists after induction of anesthesia (OR = 0.28, 95%CI = 0.19 -0.40, k =10, N =669) in children. High certainty evidence did not support melatonergic agents in older adults for delirium prevention. Moderate certainty supported the effect of dexmedetomidine in adults and children (k =4), various non -pharmacological interventions in adults and older people (k =4), second -generation antipsychotics in adults and mixed age groups (k =3), EEG -guided anesthesia in adults (k =2), mixed pharmacological interventions (k =1), five other specific pharmacological interventions in children (k =1 each). In conclusion, our work indicates that effective treatments to prevent delirium differ across populations, settings, and age groups. Results inform future guidelines to prevent or treat delirium, accounting for safety and costs of interventions. More research is needed in non -surgical settings.
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