| 1. |
- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(författare)
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The upgraded DO detector
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 565:2, s. 463-537
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The DO experiment enjoyed a very successful data-collection run at the Fermilab Tevatron collider between 1992 and 1996. Since then, the detector has been upgraded to take advantage of improvements to the Tevatron and to enhance its physics capabilities. We describe the new elements of the detector, including the silicon microstrip tracker, central fiber tracker, solenoidal magnet, preshower detectors, forward muon detector, and forward proton detector. The uranium/liquid -argon calorimeters and central muon detector, remaining from Run 1, are discussed briefly. We also present the associated electronics, triggering, and data acquisition systems, along with the design and implementation of software specific to DO.
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| 2. |
- Carlred, Louise M, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Imaging of Amyloid-β in Alzheimer’s disease transgenic mouse brains with Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry using Immunoliposomes
- 2016
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Ingår i: Biointerphases. - : American Vacuum Society. - 1559-4106 .- 1934-8630. ; 11:2, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) has been proven to successfully image different kinds of molecules, especially a variety of lipids, in biological samples. Proteins, however, are difficult to detect as specific entities with this method due to extensive fragmentation. To circumvent this issue, the authors present in this work a method developed for detection of proteins using antibody-conjugated liposomes, so called immunoliposomes, which are able to bind to the specific protein of interest. In combination with the capability of ToF-SIMS to detect native lipids in tissue samples, this method opens up the opportunity to analyze many different biomolecules, both lipids and proteins, at the same time, with high spatial resolution. The method has been applied to detect and image the distribution of amyloid-β (Aβ), a biologically relevant peptide in Alzheimer's disease (AD), in transgenic mouse braintissue. To ensure specific binding, the immunoliposome binding was verified on a model surface using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring. The immunoliposome binding was also investigated on tissue sections with fluorescence microscopy, and compared with conventional immunohistochemistry using primary and secondary antibodies, demonstrating specific binding to Aβ. Using ToF-SIMS imaging, several endogenous lipids, such as cholesterol and sulfatides, were also detected in parallel with the immunoliposome-labeled Aβ deposits, which is an advantage compared to fluorescence microscopy. This method can thus potentially provide further information about lipid–protein interactions, which is important to understand the mechanisms of neurodegeneration in AD.
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| 3. |
- Carlred, Louise M, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Simultaneous imaging of amyloid-β and lipids in brain tissue using antibody-coupled liposomes and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5126 .- 0002-7863. ; 136:28, s. 9973-9981
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The spatial localization of amyloid-β peptide deposits, the major component of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD), was mapped in transgenic AD mouse brains using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), simultaneously with several endogenous molecules that cannot be mapped using conventional immunohistochemistry imaging, including phospholipids, cholesterol and sulfatides. Whereas the endogenous lipids were detected directly, the amyloid-β deposits, which cannot be detected as intact entities with ToF-SIMS because of extensive ion-induced fragmentation, were identified by specific binding of deuterated liposomes to antibodies directed against amyloid-β. Comparative investigation of the amyloid-β deposits using conventional immunohistochemistry and fluorescence microscopy suggests similar sensitivity but a more surface-confined identification due to the shallow penetration depth of the ToF-SIMS signal. The recorded ToF-SIMS images thus display the localization of lipids and amyloid-β in a narrow (∼10 nm) two-dimensional plane at the tissue surface. As compared to a frozen nontreated tissue sample, the liposome preparation protocol generally increased the signal intensity of endogenous lipids, likely caused by matrix effects associated with the removal of salts, but no severe effects on the tissue integrity and the spatial distribution of lipids were observed with ToF-SIMS or scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This method may provide an important extension to conventional tissue imaging techniques to investigate the complex interplay of different kinds of molecules in neurodegenerative diseases, in the same specimen. However, limitations in target accessibility of the liposomes as well as unspecific binding need further consideration. © 2014 American Chemical Society.
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| 4. |
- Colvill, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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A dosimetric comparison of real-time adaptive and non-adaptive radiotherapy : A multi-institutional study encompassing robotic, gimbaled, multileaf collimator and couch tracking
- 2016
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Ingår i: Radiotherapy and Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8140. ; 119:1, s. 159-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose A study of real-time adaptive radiotherapy systems was performed to test the hypothesis that, across delivery systems and institutions, the dosimetric accuracy is improved with adaptive treatments over non-adaptive radiotherapy in the presence of patient-measured tumor motion. Methods and materials Ten institutions with robotic(2), gimbaled(2), MLC(4) or couch tracking(2) used common materials including CT and structure sets, motion traces and planning protocols to create a lung and a prostate plan. For each motion trace, the plan was delivered twice to a moving dosimeter; with and without real-time adaptation. Each measurement was compared to a static measurement and the percentage of failed points for γ-tests recorded. Results For all lung traces all measurement sets show improved dose accuracy with a mean 2%/2 mm γ-fail rate of 1.6% with adaptation and 15.2% without adaptation (p < 0.001). For all prostate the mean 2%/2 mm γ-fail rate was 1.4% with adaptation and 17.3% without adaptation (p < 0.001). The difference between the four systems was small with an average 2%/2 mm γ-fail rate of <3% for all systems with adaptation for lung and prostate. Conclusions The investigated systems all accounted for realistic tumor motion accurately and performed to a similar high standard, with real-time adaptation significantly outperforming non-adaptive delivery methods.
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| 5. |
- Fast Lappalainen, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Digitalisering inom vård och omsorg : Ett projekt om samverkan inom och mellan Region Stockholm och Stockholms stad
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Samverkan mellan vårdgivare inom och mellan Region Stockholm och Stockholms stad är en stor utmaning för både hälso- och sjukvård samt omsorg (förkortat vård och omsorg). Brister i informationsöverföring kan få negativa konsekvenser som sämre kvalitet och minskad effektivitet. Det gäller särskilt för de äldre personer som ofta slussas mellan öppen och sluten vård samt omsorg. I denna rapport redogörs för resultatet av projektet Digitalisering av vård- och omsorg, DISVO-projektet. Projektet är inriktat på samverkan mellan Region Stockholm och Stockholms stad, med fokus på de IT-mässiga och legala förutsättningar som finns för samverkan inom vård och omsorg. Studien bygger på en beskrivning av ett scenario för samverkan, samt genom en inventering av de regleringar i form av lagar och förordningar m.m. som styr vård och omsorg samt en inventering av de IT-system som används för samverkan i regionen och staden. Projektets resultat utgörs av en beskrivning och analys av juridiska och tekniska förutsättningar, hinder och möjligheter kring informationsöverföring för vård och omsorg. En granskning av de tekniska förutsättningarna för samverkan i form av systemanvändning visar på ett antal identifierade brister. Vad gäller de system som används så finns det, inte oväntat, ett behov av att i högre grad integrera systemen. Det som även framkom är att en ökad grad av användning av befintliga systemlösningar, som exempelvis den nationella patientöversikten (NPÖ), kan råda bot på brist på information. Ytterligare problem är att vissa system upplevs som komplexa, där det bland annat är svårt att ge behörighet till vissa grupper av användare. Behov av direkt kommunikation mellan användare har idag bristfälligt stöd i systemen, vilket leder till användning av telefon och fax. Framöver är det lämpligt att ett fokus läggs på användningen av lösningar som ger bättre möjlighet till integration. Granskningen av de juridiska aspekterna visar att lagstiftningen skulle kunna ändras mot ett tydligare individperspektiv med beaktande av behovet av information för såväl en god vård och omsorg som forskningssamhället. Det innebär t.ex. att nya sekretessbrytande bestämmelser behövs, men också att befintliga sådana skulle behöva reformeras för att anpassas till den digitaliserade vården och omsorgen. Sådana reformer får emellertid inte innebära att skyddet för den personliga integriteten vid behandling personuppgifter inskränks på ett oproportionerligt sätt. Det bör i första hand krävas samtycke från de enskilda för att bryta sekretessen, men lagstiftningen 2 måste också kunna tillämpas i de situationer då en enskild har nedsatt eller saknar beslutsförmåga. I vissa situationer tillämpas inte lagen fullt ut, t.ex. vid användningen av samordnad individuell planering. Ett annat problem är att de möjligheter till digitalisering som regelverken öppnar upp för inte utnyttjas fullt ut, såsom sammanhållen journalföring. Integration av system är vidare centralt för att befintliga bestämmelser ska tillämpas på ett effektivt sätt och få fullt genomslag. Ett exempel är patientdatalagen (2008:355), vilken möjliggör sammanhållen journalföring. Sammanhållen journalföring hindras dock delvis av att system är svåra att integrera. Det finns även exempel där både tekniska och rättsliga rekvisit finns på plats, men där brister finns i själva systemanvändningen, t.ex. vid tillämpningen av lagen (2017:612) om samverkan vid utskrivning från sluten hälso- och sjukvård vilken stöds av systemet WebCare. De brister som finns idag uppvägs av att personalen vidtar andra åtgärder för att säkerställa att rätt information förmedlas, såsom användning av telefon eller fax.
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| 6. |
- Leebens-Mack, James H., et al.
(författare)
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One thousand plant transcriptomes and the phylogenomics of green plants
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 574:7780, s. 679-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Green plants (Viridiplantae) include around 450,000-500,000 species(1,2) of great diversity and have important roles in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Here, as part of the One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative, we sequenced the vegetative transcriptomes of 1,124 species that span the diversity of plants in a broad sense (Archaeplastida), including green plants (Viridiplantae), glaucophytes (Glaucophyta) and red algae (Rhodophyta). Our analysis provides a robust phylogenomic framework for examining the evolution of green plants. Most inferred species relationships are well supported across multiple species tree and supermatrix analyses, but discordance among plastid and nuclear gene trees at a few important nodes highlights the complexity of plant genome evolution, including polyploidy, periods of rapid speciation, and extinction. Incomplete sorting of ancestral variation, polyploidization and massive expansions of gene families punctuate the evolutionary history of green plants. Notably, we find that large expansions of gene families preceded the origins of green plants, land plants and vascular plants, whereas whole-genome duplications are inferred to have occurred repeatedly throughout the evolution of flowering plants and ferns. The increasing availability of high-quality plant genome sequences and advances in functional genomics are enabling research on genome evolution across the green tree of life.
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| 7. |
- Mauritsen, Thorsten, et al.
(författare)
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Developments in the MPI-M Earth System Model version 1.2 (MPI-ESM1.2) and Its Response to Increasing CO2
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. - 1942-2466. ; 11:4, s. 998-1038
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new release of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Earth System Model version 1.2 (MPI-ESM1.2) is presented. The development focused on correcting errors in and improving the physical processes representation, as well as improving the computational performance, versatility, and overall user friendliness. In addition to new radiation and aerosol parameterizations of the atmosphere, several relatively large, but partly compensating, coding errors in the model's cloud, convection, and turbulence parameterizations were corrected. The representation of land processes was refined by introducing a multilayer soil hydrology scheme, extending the land biogeochemistry to include the nitrogen cycle, replacing the soil and litter decomposition model and improving the representation of wildfires. The ocean biogeochemistry now represents cyanobacteria prognostically in order to capture the response of nitrogen fixation to changing climate conditions and further includes improved detritus settling and numerous other refinements. As something new, in addition to limiting drift and minimizing certain biases, the instrumental record warming was explicitly taken into account during the tuning process. To this end, a very high climate sensitivity of around 7 K caused by low-level clouds in the tropics as found in an intermediate model version was addressed, as it was not deemed possible to match observed warming otherwise. As a result, the model has a climate sensitivity to a doubling of CO2 over preindustrial conditions of 2.77 K, maintaining the previously identified highly nonlinear global mean response to increasing CO2 forcing, which nonetheless can be represented by a simple two-layer model.
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