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- Parkes, B., et al.
(författare)
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Community factors and excess mortality in the COVID-19 pandemic in England, Italy and Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - 1101-1262. ; 33:4, s. 695-703
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Analyses of coronavirus disease 19 suggest specific risk factors make communities more or less vulnerable to pandemic-related deaths within countries. What is unclear is whether the characteristics affecting vulnerability of small communities within countries produce similar patterns of excess mortality across countries with different demographics and public health responses to the pandemic. Our aim is to quantify community-level variations in excess mortality within England, Italy and Sweden and identify how such spatial variability was driven by community-level characteristics. Methods We applied a two-stage Bayesian model to quantify inequalities in excess mortality in people aged 40 years and older at the community level in England, Italy and Sweden during the first year of the pandemic (March 2020-February 2021). We used community characteristics measuring deprivation, air pollution, living conditions, population density and movement of people as covariates to quantify their associations with excess mortality. Results We found just under half of communities in England (48.1%) and Italy (45.8%) had an excess mortality of over 300 per 100 000 males over the age of 40, while for Sweden that covered 23.1% of communities. We showed that deprivation is a strong predictor of excess mortality across the three countries, and communities with high levels of overcrowding were associated with higher excess mortality in England and Sweden. Conclusion These results highlight some international similarities in factors affecting mortality that will help policy makers target public health measures to increase resilience to the mortality impacts of this and future pandemics.
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- Ricci, E., et al.
(författare)
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Thermophysical properties of Cu-based industrial alloys in the liquid phase
- 2009
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Ingår i: High Temperatures-High Pressures. - 0018-1544 .- 1472-3441. ; 38:1, s. 43-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The thermophysical properties of Cu-based industrial alloys in the liquid phase have been determined in the framework of ThermoLab project. Four commercial copper alloys provided by one member of the industrial user group, Cu-Sn-X (X=P; Ti), Cu-Ni-Si and Cu-Ni-Si-Mg have been investigated by different European laboratories. The results of the ground-based experimental programme concerning classical high-temperature calorimetry, thermal diffusivity, density, surface tension and viscosity measurements were critically compared in order to improve the reliability of data and to identify, when possible, recommended values.
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- Chen, Jie, et al.
(författare)
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Long-Term Exposure to Source-Specific Fine Particles and Mortality-A Pooled Analysis of 14 European Cohorts within the ELAPSE Project
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 56:13, s. 9277-9290
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We assessed mortality risks associated with sourcespecific fine particles (PM2.5) in a pooled European cohort of 323,782 participants. Cox proportional hazard models were applied to estimate mortality hazard ratios (HRs) for source-specific PM2.5 identified through a source apportionment analysis. Exposure to 2010 annual average concentrations of source-specific PM2.5 components was assessed at baseline residential addresses. The source apportionment resulted in the identification of five sources: traffic, residual oil combustion, soil, biomass and agriculture, and industry. In single-source analysis, all identified sources were significantly positively associated with increased natural mortality risks. In multisource analysis, associations with all sources attenuated but remained statistically significant with traffic, oil, and biomass and agriculture. The highest association per interquartile increase was observed for the traffic component (HR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.04 and 1.08 per 2.86 mu g/m(3) increase) across five identified sources. On a 1 mu g/m(3) basis, the residual oil-related PM2.5 had the strongest association (HR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.05 and 1.22), which was substantially higher than that for generic PM2.5 mass, suggesting that past estimates using the generic PM2.5 exposure response function have underestimated the potential clean air health benefits of reducing fossil-fuel combustion. Source-specific associations with cause-specific mortality were in general consistent with findings of natural mortality.
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