| 1. |
- Jersin, R. A., et al.
(författare)
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Role of the Neutral Amino Acid Transporter SLC7A10 in Adipocyte Lipid Storage, Obesity, and Insulin Resistance
- 2021
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 70:3, s. 680-695
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elucidation of mechanisms that govern lipid storage, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance may lead to improved therapeutic options for type 2 diabetes and other obesity-related diseases. Here, we find that adipose expression of the small neutral amino acid transporter SLC7A10, also known as alanine-serine-cysteine transporter-1 (ASC-1), shows strong inverse correlates with visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, and adipocyte hypertrophy across multiple cohorts. Concordantly, loss of Slc7a10 function in zebrafish in vivo accelerates diet-induced body weight gain and adipocyte enlargement. Mechanistically, SLC7A10 inhibition in human and murine adipocytes decreases adipocyte serine uptake and total glutathione levels and promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Conversely, SLC7A10 overexpression decreases ROS generation and increases mitochondrial respiratory capacity. RNA sequencing revealed consistent changes in gene expression between human adipocytes and zebrafish visceral adipose tissue following loss of SLC7A10, e.g., upregulation of SCD (lipid storage) and downregulation of CPT1A (lipid oxidation). Interestingly, ROS scavenger reduced lipid accumulation and attenuated the lipid-storing effect of SLC7A10 inhibition. These data uncover adipocyte SLC7A10 as a novel important regulator of adipocyte resilience to nutrient and oxidative stress, in part by enhancing glutathione levels and mitochondrial respiration, conducive to decreased ROS generation, lipid accumulation, adipocyte hypertrophy, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes.
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| 2. |
- Meager, J. J., et al.
(författare)
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Behavioural responses of hatchery-reared and wild cod Gadus morhua to mechano-acoustic predator signals
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Fish Biology. - : Wiley. - 0022-1112 .- 1095-8649. ; 78:5, s. 1437-1450
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The behavioural responses of wild (predator-experienced) and hatchery-reared (predator-naive) cod Gadus morhua to standardized mechano-acoustic (MA) stimuli were compared in the laboratory. Wild fish responded mainly with freezing and fast-start escapes away from the stimulus, whereas hatchery-reared fish often ignored or approached the stimulus. Wild fish also had stronger responses, turning faster during escapes and reducing activity immediately after the stimulus. Both fish types were less active on a 'risky' bare substratum after the stimulus. The antipredator responses of wild fish were consistent to repeated stimuli, whereas hatchery-reared fish that had generally only encountered harmless stimuli showed more variable responses with lower repeatability. This suggests that experience plays a role in shaping the behavioural response of fishes to MA stimuli.
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| 8. |
- Haugstoyl, ME, et al.
(författare)
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Phenotypic diversity of human adipose tissue-resident NK cells in obesity
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 14, s. 1130370-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Natural killer (NK) cells have emerged as key mediators of obesity-related adipose tissue inflammation. However, the phenotype of NK cell subsets residing in human adipose tissue are poorly defined, preventing a detailed understanding of their role in metabolic disorders. In this study, we applied multicolor flow cytometry to characterize CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells in blood and adipose tissue depots in individuals with obesity and identified surface proteins enriched on adipose tissue-resident CD56bright NK cells. Particularly, we found that adipose tissue harbored clusters of tissue-resident CD56bright NK cells signatured by the expression of CD26, CCR5 and CD63, possibly reflecting an adaptation to the microenvironment. Together, our findings provide broad insights into the identity of NK cells in blood and adipose tissue in relation to obesity.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Meager, Justin J., et al.
(författare)
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Multidimensionality of behavioural phenotypes in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physiology and Behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 0031-9384 .- 1873-507X. ; 106:4, s. 462-470
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Much of the inter-individual variation observed in animal behaviour is now attributed to the existence of behavioural phenotypes or animal personalities. Such phenotypes may be fundamental to fisheries and aquaculture, yet there have been few detailed studies of this phenomenon in exploited marine animals. We investigated the behavioural and neuroendocrine responses of Atlantic cod (Gad us morhua L), to situations reflecting critical ecological challenges: predator attacks and territorial challenges. Both hatchery-reared and wild fish were tested and behavioural profiles were compared with baseline conditions. We then used an objective, multivariate approach, rather than assigning individuals along one-dimensional behavioural axes, to examine whether distinct behavioural phenotypes were present. Our results indicate that two distinct behavioural phenotypes were evident in fish from each background. In hatchery-reared fish, phenotypes displayed divergent locomotor activity, sheltering, brain monoamine concentrations and responses to competitive challenges. In wild fish, phenotypes were distinguished primarily by locomotor activity, sheltering and responsiveness to predator stimuli. Hatcheries presumably represent a more stressful social environment, and social behaviour and neuroendocrine responses were important in discerning behavioural phenotypes in hatchery fish, whereas antipredator responses were important in discerning phenotypes in wild fish that have previously encountered predators. In both fish types, behavioural and physiological traits that classified individuals into phenotypes were not the same as those that were correlated across situations These results highlight the multidimensionality of animal personalities, and that the processes that regulate one suite of behavioural traits may be very different to the processes that regulate other behaviours.
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| 11. |
- Meen, Astri J., et al.
(författare)
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Obesity Is Associated with Distorted Proteoglycan Expression in Adipose Tissue
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 24:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proteoglycans are central components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and binding partners for inflammatory chemokines. Morphological differences in the ECM and increased inflammation are prominent features of the white adipose tissues in patients with obesity. The impact of obesity and weight loss on the expression of specific proteoglycans in adipose tissue is not well known. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between adiposity and proteoglycan expression. We analyzed transcriptomic data from two human bariatric surgery cohorts. In addition, RT-qPCR was performed on adipose tissues from female and male mice fed a high-fat diet. Both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue depots were analyzed. Adipose mRNA expression of specific proteoglycans, proteoglycan biosynthetic enzymes, proteoglycan partner molecules, and other ECM-related proteins were altered in both human cohorts. We consistently observed more profound alterations in gene expression of ECM targets in the visceral adipose tissues after surgery (among others VCAN (p = 0.000309), OGN (p = 0.000976), GPC4 (p = 0.00525), COL1A1 (p = 0.00221)). Further, gene analyses in mice revealed sex differences in these two tissue compartments in obese mice. We suggest that adipose tissue repair is still in progress long after surgery, which may reflect challenges in remodeling increased adipose tissues. This study can provide the basis for more mechanistic studies on the role of proteoglycans in adipose tissues in obesity.
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| 12. |
- Olsson, H., et al.
(författare)
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Early oral contraceptive use as a prognostic factor in breast cancer
- 1988
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Ingår i: Anticancer research. - 0250-7005. ; 8:1, s. 29-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The survival of 193 premenopausal breast cancer patients was investigated in relation to their history of early use of oral contraceptives. The women were born in 1939 or later and diagnosed in the southern health care region of Sweden. Women, who had started their oral contraceptive use (OC-use) before 20 years of age had a significantly lower survival rate as compared with those who had never used OC and late users (p = 0.02 and = 0.04 respectively, generalized Wilcoxon test). For women who started OC-use between 20 to 25 years of age, a tendency for a shorter survival was seen in comparison with women who had never used OC (p = 0.18). For all patients simultaneously, the relative risk adjusted for age at diagnosis increased for earlier OC-start. When only stages II and III were considered in a stratified multivariate model, a signficantly elevated risk was seen for early users of OC irrespective of age or of adjuvant treatment given. The estrogen and progesterone receptor concentrations of the primary tumor were significantly lower among early users (p = 0.001 and p = 0.05 respectively).
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| 13. |
- Olsson, H., et al.
(författare)
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Permanent alterations induced in plasma prolactin and estrogen receptor concentration in benign and malignant tissue of women who started oral contraceptive use at an early age
- 1987
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Ingår i: Anticancer research. - 0250-7005. ; 7:4 B, s. 853-856
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 65 young women undergoing curettage for benign utrine disorders a signicicant relationship was found between early oral contraceptive use (starting age<25 years) and a high ratio of ln plasma prolactin versus ln estrogen receptor concentration of the uterine mucosae (p<0.047, Mann-Whitneys U-test). Year of birth, age at menarche, age at first full term pregnancy, parity, menstrual cycle phase and duration of oral contraceptive use could not explain the results. Because similar results have previously been found for breast cancer patients using plasma prolactin and breast tumour estrogen receptor concentration, the findings indicate that early oral contraceptive use permanently alters plasma prolactin levels and estrogen receptor concentration, both in benign uterine tissue and in malignant breast tumours.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Strand, K, et al.
(författare)
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Subtype-Specific Surface Proteins on Adipose Tissue Macrophages and Their Association to Obesity-Induced Insulin Resistance
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in endocrinology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-2392. ; 13, s. 856530-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A chronic low-grade inflammation, originating in the adipose tissue, is considered a driver of obesity-associated insulin resistance. Macrophage composition in white adipose tissue is believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, but a detailed characterization of pro- and anti-inflammatory adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in human obesity and how they are distributed in visceral- and subcutaneous adipose depots is lacking. In this study, we performed a surface proteome screening of pro- and anti-inflammatory ATMs in both subcutaneous- (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and evaluated their relationship with systemic insulin resistance. From the proteomics screen we found novel surface proteins specific to M1-like- and M2-like macrophages, and we identified depot-specific immunophenotypes in SAT and VAT. Furthermore, we found that insulin resistance, assessed by HOMA-IR, was positively associated with a relative increase in pro-inflammatory M1-like macrophages in both SAT and VAT.
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| 16. |
- Sverdrup, Gisle K., et al.
(författare)
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Territorial and agonistic interactions between farmed and wild cod (Gadus morhua)
- 2011
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Ingår i: Aquaculture Research. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1355-557X .- 1365-2109. ; 42:10, s. 1539-1548
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies of contest competition between wild and farmed fish have mostly focused on fish with strongly territorial behaviour. Little is known about species with more plastic social behaviour, such as Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.), a species that can either aggressively defend territories or shoal. There is also concern that cod that escape from farms will compete with wild populations. We examined dyadic contest competition between wild and farmed juvenile cod using an intruder-resident experimental set-up in the laboratory. No prior residency advantage was observed, but the differences between farmed and wild cod were clear. Farmed cod were more submissive than wild cod and fled earlier during contests, which suggests that wild fish often out-compete farmed intruders. Both fish types initiated aggression earlier against fish of the same background. A multivariate analysis of 11 different behavioural traits indicated that a group of 59% of farmed fish were behaviourally very similar to the 55% most submissive wild fish. These results suggest that wild juvenile cod may be quite robust towards competition for food and shelter from juvenile farmed cod, but further research is needed to verify this pattern.
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