| 1. |
- Alström, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Dramatic niche shifts and morphological change in two insular bird species
- 2015
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Ingår i: Royal Society Open Science. - : The Royal Society. - 2054-5703. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Colonizations of islands are often associated with rapid morphological divergence. We present two previously unrecognized cases of dramatic morphological change and niche shifts in connection with colonization of tropical forest-covered islands. These evolutionary changes have concealed the fact that the passerine birds madanga, Madanga ruficollis, from Buru, Indonesia, and São Tomé shorttail, Amaurocichla bocagii, from São Tomé, Gulf of Guinea, are forest-adapted members of the family Motacillidae (pipits and wagtails). We show that Madanga has diverged mainly in plumage, which may be the result of selection for improved camouflage in its new arboreal niche, while selection pressures for other morphological changes have probably been weak owing to preadaptations for the novel niche. By contrast, we suggest that Amaurocichla's niche change has led to divergence in both structure and plumage.
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| 2. |
- Alström, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Gross morphology betrays phylogeny: the Scrub Warbler Scotocerca inquieta is not a cisticolid
- 2011
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Ingår i: Ibis. - 0019-1019 .- 1474-919X. ; 153:1, s. 87-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Scrub Warbler, which inhabits arid areas from North Africa to western Asia, has long been thought to be closely related to cisticolid warblers. However, analyses based on two mitochondrial and four nuclear loci place this species sister to the mainly Asian Cettiidae (bush warblers, tesias, etc.). Superficial morphological similarity to cisticolid warblers has previously clouded the species true relationship. Detailed morphology, such as facial bristles and claw and footpad structure, also supports a closer relationship to Cettiidae and some other non-cisticolid warblers.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Batalha-Filho, Henrique, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular systematics and evolution of the Synallaxis ruficapilla complex (Aves : Furnariidae) in the Atlantic Forest.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1055-7903 .- 1095-9513. ; 67:1, s. 86-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Neotropical Synallaxis ruficapilla complex is endemic to the Atlantic Forest and is comprised of three species: S. ruficapilla, S. whitneyi, and S. infuscata. This group is closely related to the Synallaxis moesta complex that occurs in the Andes, Tepuis, and Guianan shield. Here we used mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences to infer the phylogeny and the time of diversification of the S. ruficapilla and S. moesta complexes. We also included samples of an undescribed population of Synallaxis that resembles other populations of the S. ruficapilla complex. Our results showed that different geographical lineages within the S. ruficapilla complex are reciprocally monophyletic, but the northern form (S. infuscata) grouped with an Andean taxon. This suggests that at least two lineages of this group independently colonized the Atlantic Forest. Specimens of the undescribed population formed a monophyletic clade with deep divergence. Estimated diversification dates were within the late Pliocene to Pleistocene (2.75-0.16 million of years ago). This suggests that at this time there was a higher connectivity between habitats in the rugged landscapes of the circum-Amazonian bioregions. The observed Pleistocene diversification within the Atlantic Forest is congruent in space and time with studies of other co-distributed organisms, and may be associated with climate changes and tectonic activity during this period.
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| 5. |
- Batalha-Filho, Henrique, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeny and historical biogeography of gnateaters (Passeriformes, Conopophagidae) in the South America forests.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1055-7903 .- 1095-9513. ; 79, s. 422-432
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We inferred the phylogenetic relationships, divergence time and biogeography of Conopophagidae (gnateaters) based on sequence data of mitochondrial genes (ND2, ND3 and cytb) and nuclear introns (TGFB2 and G3PDH) from 45 tissue samples (43 Conopophaga and 2 Pittasoma) representing all currently recognized species of the family and the majority of subspecies. Phylogenetic relationships were estimated by maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Divergence time estimates were obtained based on a Bayesian relaxed clock model. These chronograms were used to calculate diversification rates and reconstruct ancestral areas of the genus Conopophaga. The phylogenetic analyses support the reciprocal monophyly of the two genera, Conopophaga and Pittasoma. All species were monophyletic with the exception of C. lineata, as C. lineata cearae did not cluster with the other two C. lineata subspecies. Divergence time estimates for Conopophagidae suggested that diversification took place during the Neogene, and that the diversification rate within Conopophaga clade was highest in the late Miocene, followed by a slower diversification rate, suggesting a diversity-dependent pattern. Our analyses of the diversification of family Conopophagidae provided a scenario for evolution in Terra Firme forest across tropical South America. The spatio-temporal pattern suggests that Conopophaga originated in the Brazilian Shield and that a complex sequence of events possibly related to the Andean uplift and infilling of former sedimentation basins and erosion cycles shaped the current distribution and diversity of this genus.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Christidis, Les, et al.
(författare)
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The suboscine passerines
- 2020
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Ingår i: <em>The Largest Avian Radiation</em>. - Barcelona : Lynx Edicions. - 9788416728336 ; , s. 65-65
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Ericson, Per G P, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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The origin
- 2020
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Ingår i: <em>The Largest Avian Radiation</em>. - Barcelona : Lynx Edicions. - 9788416728336 ; , s. 19-26
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Fjeldså, Jon, et al.
(författare)
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An updated classification of passerine birds
- 2020
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Ingår i: <em>The Largest Avian Radiation</em>. - Barcelona : Lynx Edicions. - 9788416728336 ; , s. 45-63
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Fjeldså, Jon, et al.
(författare)
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Description of two new Cisticola species endemic to the marshes of the Kilombero floodplain of southwestern Tanzania
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ibis. - : Wiley. - 0019-1019 .- 1474-919X. ; 163:4, s. 1330-1354
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presence of two undescribed cisticola warblers in the marshes of the Kilombero floodplain in central Tanzania has been known since the 1980s and these putative new species have been illustrated in field guides on African birds, although with no formal name. Here we name both species, based on two museum specimens collected in 1961 and recently detected in a museum collection. We use these specimens to provide formal descriptions of each form and, using DNA sequence data extracted from these specimens, we place them in a broad phylogenetic framework for the genus Cisticola. The phylogenetic placement indicates that one of the new species is nested within a group of plain-backed duetting cisticolas and the other within the streak-backed marsh cisticolas. We use our own and public recordings to characterize the vocal repertoire of each of these new species and compare song characteristics with other members of their respective clades. Dating of nodes in the molecular phylogeny suggests that both cisticolas endemic to the Kilombero became isolated and diverged from their sister-species between 2.5 and 3.5 million years ago, long after the formation of the Eastern Arc Mountains and the Malawi Rift. We propose that both species should be classified as globally endangered, owing to immense anthropogenic pressures on the floodplain, as documented in several publications and by a recent Ramsar Advisory Mission.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Fjeldså, Jon, et al.
(författare)
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How new species evolve
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Largest Avian Radiation. - Barcelona : Lynx Edicions. - 9788416728336
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 15. |
- Fjeldså, Jon, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2020
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Ingår i: <em>The Largest Avian Radiation</em>. - Barcelona : Lynx Edicions. - 9788416728336 ; , s. 11-13
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 16. |
- Fjeldså, Jon, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular data reveal some major adaptational shifts in the early evolution of the most diverse avian family, the Furnariidae
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Ornithology = Journal fur Ornithologie. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0021-8375 .- 1439-0361. ; 146:1, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A robust phylogeny estimate for the family Furnariidae (sensu lato) was obtained using sequences of two nuclear introns and one mitochondrial gene (cyt b). Contrary to the widely accepted sister-group relationship of ovenbirds (Furnariinae) and woodcreepers (Dendrocolaptinae), a basal clade is suggested for Sclerurus and Geositta, while Xenops, hitherto considered an aberrant ovenbird, was found to occupy a basal position on the woodcreeper lineage. The morphological variation is re-interpreted in view of this revised phylogenetic hypothesis. Presumably, the remarkable adaptive radiation in this family started as primitive, Sclerurus-likes forms, which used the tail as a prop during terrestrial feeding, lured up to seek food on tree-trunks. The two basal woodcreeper genera, Xenops and then Glyphorynchus, show strong cranial specializations for hammering in wood, thus presenting a remarkable parallelism with the family Picidae, Xenops resembling a piculet, Glyphorynchus, a diminutive woodpecker. However, this specialization was lost in other woodcreepers, which show a more normal passerine skull, adapted for probing and prying in tree-trunk crevices and sallying for escaping insects. The ovenbirds developed a more flexible (rhynchokinetic) bill, well suited for probing and retrieving hidden prey in dead-leaf clusters and debris suspended in the vegetation, and in epiphyte masses. Adaptations to live in open terrain are secondary.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Fjeldså, Jon, et al.
(författare)
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Sapayoa aenigma : a New World representative of 'Old World suboscines'.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 270 Suppl 2, s. S238-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Passerine birds are very plastic in their adaptations, which has made it difficult to define phylogenetic lineages and correctly allocate all species to these. Sapayoa aenigma, a member of the large group of New World flycatchers, has been difficult to place, and DNA-DNA hybridization experiments have indicated that it may have been misplaced. This is confirmed here, as base sequencing of two nuclear genes places it as a deep branch in the group of broadbills and pittas of the Old World tropics. The peculiar distribution of this lineage may be best explained in terms of a Gondwanic and Late Cretaceous origin of the passerine birds, as this particular lineage dispersed from the Antarctic landmass, reaching the Old World tropics via the drifting Indian plate, and South America via the West Antarctic Peninsula.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Fjeldså, Jon, et al.
(författare)
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The finch-billed passerine groups
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Largest Avian Radiation. - Barcelona : Lynx Edicions. - 9788416728336
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 22. |
- Fjeldså, Jon, et al.
(författare)
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The Largest Avian Radiation: The Evolution of Perching Birds, or the Order of Passeriformes
- 2020
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book reveals the remarkable new history of how passerines diversified and dispersed across the entire world. It also presents and explains the new classification, which reflects the phylogenetic history. The new insights reveal that many of the old evolutionary lineages comprise only a few species that remained in their area of origin or underwent limited dispersal. Only a small number of groups underwent significant proliferation of new species and just five (of 145) passerine families are represented on all continents but Antarctica. Even so, the global variation in species richness generally correlates well with the variation in productivity across different environments. We see how a seemingly constant overall rate of evolution of new species is possible because of rapid proliferation in new ecological niches, including archipelagos, and an extraordinary accumulation of endemic species in certain tropical mountain ranges. In addition to describing the revised evolutionary history of passerine birds, the authors try to identify adaptational changes, including shifts in life history strategies, that underlie major evolutionary expansions.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Fjeldså, Jon, et al.
(författare)
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Three new bird family names
- 2015
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Ingår i: Bird Families of the World. - Barcelona : Lynx Edicions. - 9788494189203 ; , s. 33-34
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 25. |
- Fjeldså, Jon, et al.
(författare)
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What’s special about passerines?
- 2020
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Ingår i: <em>The Largest Avian Radiation</em>. - Barcelona : Lynx Edicions. - 9788416728336 ; , s. 27-34
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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