| 1. |
- Chang, Jin, et al.
(författare)
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Multimode-fiber-coupled superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors with high detection efficiency and time resolution
- 2019
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Ingår i: Applied Optics. - : Optical Society of America. - 1559-128X .- 2155-3165. ; 58:36, s. 9803-9807
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the past decade, superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) have gradually become an indispensable part of any demanding quantum optics experiment. Until now, most SNSPDs have been coupled to single-mode fibers. SNSPDs coupled to multimode fibers have shown promising efficiencies but have yet to achieve high time resolution. For a number of applications ranging from quantum nano-photonics to bio-optics, high efficiency and high time resolution are desired at the same time. In this paper, we demonstrate the role of polarization on the efficiency of multimode-fiber-coupled detectors and fabricated high-performance 20 mu m, 25 mu m, and 50 mu m diameter detectors targeted for visible, near-infrared, and telecom wavelengths. A custom-built setup was used to simulate realistic experiments with randomized modes in the fiber. We achieved over 80% system efficiency and <20 ps timing jitter for 20 mu m SNSPDs. Also, we realized 70% system efficiency and <20 ps timing jitter for 50 mu m SNSPDs. The high-efficiency multimode-fiber-coupled SNSPDs with unparalleled time resolution will benefit various quantum optics experiments and applications in the future.
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| 2. |
- Elshaari, Ali W., et al.
(författare)
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On-chip single photon filtering and multiplexing in hybrid quantum photonic circuits
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quantum light plays a pivotal role in modern science and future photonic applications. Since the advent of integrated quantum nanophotonics different material platforms based on III-V nanostructures-, colour centers-, and nonlinear waveguides as on-chip light sources have been investigated. Each platform has unique advantages and limitations; however, all implementations face major challenges with filtering of individual quantum states, scalable integration, deterministic multiplexing of selected quantum emitters, and on-chip excitation suppression. Here we overcome all of these challenges with a hybrid and scalable approach, where single III-V quantum emitters are positioned and deterministically integrated in a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible photonic circuit. We demonstrate reconfigurable on-chip single-photon filtering and wavelength division multiplexing with a foot print one million times smaller than similar table-top approaches, while offering excitation suppression of more than 95 dB and efficient routing of single photons over a bandwidth of 40 nm. Our work marks an important step to harvest quantum optical technologies' full potential.
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| 3. |
- Hummel, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Gated- and optical biasing for SNSPDs
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Optics: Proceedings Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2023, FiO, LS 2023. - : Optica Publishing Group.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- SNSPDs are usually limited to constant current bias operation due to the required room temperature auxiliary electronics. We show gated mode operation and low power biasing of SNSPDs with cryogenic integrated current sources.
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| 4. |
- Hummel, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Nanosecond gating of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors using cryogenic bias circuitry
- 2023
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - : Optica Publishing Group. - 1094-4087. ; 31:1, s. 610-625
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) show near unity efficiency, low dark count rate, and short recovery time. Combining these characteristics with temporal control of SNSPDs broadens their applications as in active de-latching for higher dynamic range counting or temporal filtering for pump-probe spectroscopy or LiDAR. To that end, we demonstrate active gating of an SNSPD with a minimum off-to-on rise time of 2.4 ns and a total gate length of 5.0 ns. We show how the rise time depends on the inductance of the detector in combination with the control electronics. The gate window is demonstrated to be fully and freely, electrically tunable up to 500 ns at a repetition rate of 1.0 MHz, as well as ungated, free-running operation. Control electronics to generate the gating are mounted on the 2.3K stage of a closed-cycle sorption cryostat, while the detector is operated on the cold stage at 0.8 K. We show that the efficiency and timing jitter of the detector is not altered during the on-time of the gating window. We exploit gated operation to demonstrate a method to increase in the photon counting dynamic range by a factor 11.2, as well as temporal filtering of a strong pump in an emulated pump-probe experiment.
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| 5. |
- Pennacchietti, Matteo, et al.
(författare)
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Oscillating photonic Bell state from a semiconductor quantum dot for quantum key distribution
- 2024
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Ingår i: Communications Physics. - : Springer Nature. - 2399-3650. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An on-demand source of bright entangled photon pairs is desirable for quantum key distribution (QKD) and quantum repeaters. The leading candidate to generate such pairs is based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in non-linear crystals. However, its pair extraction efficiency is limited to 0.1% when operating at near-unity fidelity due to multiphoton emission at high brightness. Quantum dots in photonic nanostructures can in principle overcome this limit, but the devices with high entanglement fidelity (99%) have low pair extraction efficiency (0.01%). Here, we show a measured peak entanglement fidelity of 97.5% ± 0.8% and pair extraction efficiency of 0.65% from an InAsP quantum dot in an InP photonic nanowire waveguide. We show that the generated oscillating two-photon Bell state can establish a secure key for peer-to-peer QKD. Using our time-resolved QKD scheme alleviates the need to remove the quantum dot energy splitting of the intermediate exciton states in the biexciton-exciton cascade.
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| 6. |
- Reimer, Michael E., et al.
(författare)
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High efficiency entangled photon sources and single photon detectors based-on semiconductor nanowires
- 2019
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Ingår i: The 10th International Conference on Metamaterials, Photonic Crystals and Plasmonics, META 2019. - : META Conference. ; , s. 1132-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Semiconductor nanowires offer a powerful platform for engineering light at the nanoscale by controlling their size and shape in order to guide light efficiently and minimize undesired reflections. In this work we have shaped the nanowires with a unique tapering to realize bright quantum dot based entangled photon sources and high efficiency single photon detectors with high speed and timing resolution over an unprecedented bandwidth.
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| 7. |
- Zadeh, Iman Esmaeil, et al.
(författare)
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Deterministic Integration of Single Photon Sources in Silicon Based Photonic Circuits
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nano letters (Print). - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1530-6984 .- 1530-6992. ; 16:4, s. 2289-2294
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major step toward fully integrated quantum optics is the deterministic incorporation of high quality single photon sources in on-chip optical circuits. We show a novel hybrid approach in which preselected III-V single quantum dots in nanowires are transferred and integrated in silicon based photonic circuits. The quantum emitters maintain their high optical quality after integration as verified by measuring a low multiphoton probability of 0.07 +/- 0.07 and emission line width as narrow as 3.45 +/- 0.48 GHz. Our approach allows for optimum alignment of the quantum dot light emission to the fundamental waveguide mode resulting in very high coupling efficiencies. We estimate a coupling efficiency of 24.3 +/- 1.7% from the studied single-photon source to the photonic channel and further show by finite-difference time-domain simulations that for an optimized choice of material and design the efficiency can exceed 90%.
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| 8. |
- Zadeh, Iman Esmaeil, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient Single-Photon Detection with 7.7 ps Time Resolution for Photon-Correlation Measurements
- 2020
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Ingår i: ACS Photonics. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 2330-4022. ; 7:7, s. 1780-1787
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A broad range of scientific and industrial disciplines require precise optical measurements at very low light levels. Single-photon detectors combining high efficiency and high time resolution are pivotal in such experiments. By using relatively thick films of NbTiN (8-11 nm) and improving the pattern fidelity of the nanostructure of the superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPD), we fabricated devices demonstrating superior performance over all previously reported detectors in the combination of efficiency and time resolution. Our findings prove that small variations in the nanowire width, in the order of a few nanometers, can lead to a significant penalty on their temporal response. Addressing these issues, we consistently achieved high time resolution (best device 7.7 ps, other devices similar to 10-16 ps) simultaneously with high system detection efficiencies (80-90%) in the wavelength range of 780-1000 nm, as well as in the telecom bands (1310-1550 nm). The use of thicker films allowed us to fabricate large-area multipixel devices with homogeneous pixel performance. We first fabricated and characterized a 100 x 100 mu m(2) 16-pixel detector and showed there was little variation among individual pixels. Additionally, to showcase the power of our platform, we fabricated and characterized 4-pixel multimode fiber-coupled detectors and carried out photon-correlation experiments on a nanowire quantum dot resulting in g(2) (0) values lower than 0.04. The multipixel detectors alleviate the need for beamsplitters and can be used for higher order correlations with promising prospects not only in the field of quantum optics, but also in bioimaging applications, such as fluorescence microscopy and positron emission tomography.
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