| 1. |
- Agevik, Niklas, et al.
(author)
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On Loudspeaker Linearization Using Pre-Distortion
- 2004
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In: European DSP Education & Research Symposium (EDERS).
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper we present a system for linearizing the combined output of a stereo amplifier and loudspeaker through pre-distortion. Removal of room cancellation effects is also discussed. The system uses white noise to estimate an FIR model with the Recursive Least Squares algorithm and experiments show that this can significantly improve the linearity of the sound system. We show that the system can be extended with a nonlinear model and that this indeed can be implemented on a TexasInstruments TMS320C6701 DSP with excellent performance.
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| 2. |
- Al-Husseini, Ali, et al.
(author)
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Long-term postural control in elite athletes following mild traumatic brain injury
- 2022
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In: Frontiers in Neurology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-2295. ; 13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Traumas to the head and neck are common in sports and often affects otherwise healthy young individuals. Sports-related concussions (SRC), defined as a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), may inflict persistent neck and shoulder pain, and headache, but also more complex symptoms, such as imbalance, dizziness, and visual disturbances. These more complex symptoms are difficult to identify with standard health care diagnostic procedures.Objective: To investigate postural control in a group of former elite athletes with persistent post-concussive symptoms (PPCS) at least 6 months after the incident.Method: Postural control was examined using posturography during quiet stance and randomized balance perturbations with eyes open and eyes closed. Randomized balance perturbations were used to examine motor learning through sensorimotor adaptation. Force platform recordings were converted to reflect the energy used to maintain balance and spectrally categorized into total energy used, energy used for smooth corrective changes of posture (i.e., <0.1 Hz), and energy used for fast corrective movements to maintain balance (i.e., >0.1 Hz).Results: The mTBI group included 20 (13 males, mean age 26.6 years) elite athletes with PPCS and the control group included 12 athletes (9 males, mean age 26.4 years) with no history of SRC. The mTBI group used significantly more energy during balance perturbations than controls: +143% total energy, p = 0.004; +122% low frequency energy, p = 0.007; and +162% high frequency energy, p = 0.004. The mTBI subjects also adapted less to the balance perturbations than controls in total (18% mTBI vs. 37% controls, p = 0.042), low frequency (24% mTBI vs. 42% controls, p = 0.046), and high frequency (6% mTBI vs. 28% controls, p = 0.040). The mTBI subjects used significantly more energy during quiet stance than controls: +128% total energy, p = 0.034; +136% low-frequency energy, p = 0.048; and +109% high-frequency energy, p = 0.015.Conclusion: Athletes with previous mTBI and PPCS used more energy to stand compared to controls during balance perturbations and quiet stance and had diminished sensorimotor adaptation. Sports-related concussions are able to affect postural control and motor learning.
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| 3. |
- Alfredsson, Lars, et al.
(author)
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Job strain and major risk factors for coronary heart disease. : Baseline results from the WOLF Study
- 2002
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health. - 0355-3140. ; 28:4, s. 238-248
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The results do not support the hypothesis that job strain has an adverse impact on serum total cholesterol and plasma fibrinogen levels. They suggest that an increased risk of coronary heart disease in association with job strain, if causal, is mediated by other factors, possibly partly by hypertension and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bengtsson, Bo, 1947-, et al.
(author)
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Lokal kontroll och kollektivt handlande : En utvärdering av självförvaltning i Bostads AB Poseidon i Göteborg
- 2003
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Local Control and Collective Action. An Evaluation of Self-Management in the Municipal Housing Company Poseidon in Gothenburg. This report presents an evaluation over three years of a programme on ’local democracy and self-management’ in the municipal housing company Poseidon in Gothenburg. The point of departure is the assumption that a programme of this type has to offer both local control and individual motives for collective action if it is to be sustainable. Tenants must be able to influence housing conditions together, as well as to have some individual motivation to take part in the activities. The evaluation is based mainly on three data sources: (1) a questionnaire distributed to a random sample of 1400 tenants; (2) a number of questionnaires distributed to all tenants who are active in the self-management, all chair-persons in local tenants associations (LTAs) in Poseidon’s housing stock, and all Poseidon’s ’area hosts’, who are responsible for the local management of the estates; (3) intensive studies of the processes of self-management in seven local housing estates. Use has also been made of official and company statistics, earlier surveys, programmes, agreements, minutes and other documents, as well as interviews with key informants, observations from meetings and inspections in the estates. The report includes a comprehensive evaluation in terms of tenants’ local control and collective action and a number of special studies on particular themes and perspectives.By Autumn 2002 self-management had been established in all Poseidon’s districts and in a considerable share of the housing stock. The number of active tenants was estimated at 800–1000. They are organised in about 80, mainly informal and rather loosely defined groups. The ambitious programme aiming at considerable local decision-making proved to be unrealistic, and activities today are based on informal collaboration between local staff and active tenants, in a few cases formalised in ’estate associations’. Initially both the area hosts and the representatives of the local tenants movement were rather sceptical of the self-management, but both groups have gradually acquired a more positive attitude.At the time of the tenant questionnaire (January 2001) no more than one fourth of all tenants knew about the project, but since the knowledge was clearly better in those districts where activities were most developed, the share today is probably considerably higher, perhaps nearly 40 per cent. Ordinary tenants consider that most physical aspects of the outdoor environment has been improved, in particular the care of plants and lawns. In contrast they see only minor positive effects on social relations. Active tenants, LTA chair-persons and area hosts all judge that the self-management has had clear positive effects on the outdoor environment and on tenants’ influence, as well as on the social ties and general well-being among residents. Tenants, and not only active tenants, feel an improved sense of control over their housing conditions.A majority of the active tenants are women. While women have been engaged in all types of activities, men have primarily taken on physically demanding tasks. Tenants with foreign background are somewhat fewer among the active than their share of the population, but still they are better represented than usual in local housing activities. This may be due to the informal organisation and the orientation towards practical work. The self-management also seems to have stimulated a higher growth in commitment and sense of responsibility among tenants with foreign background than among those with Swedish background.The active tenants are on average 55 years old; the active women on average nine years younger than the active men. The share of age pensioners is high, and a large number of the somewhat younger activists are also without gainful employment. The active tenants take part in organisational and political life somewhat more than the population in general. Their prime mover is a ’norm of local utility’, i.e. a norm that prescribes that they take part if it would mean a positive contribution to the common good of their neighbourhood. Economic incentives are less prominent, and the participation of one’s neighbours is rarely seen as a prerequisite of taking part oneself. The tenants’ most important resources are time in and knowledge of the estate, and the work carried out comprises an important contribution to the management of Poseidon’s housing stock.The intensive studies – in most cases in housing estates with a relatively high level of activity – confirm this picture. They also make clear that the self-management activities are dominated by informally organised practical work outdoors. The case studies also show that the mode of interplay between active tenants and local staff is formed to a large extent by local conditions and traditions. The decentralised organisation of Poseidon’s housing management has been of particular importance to the actual influence of the tenants. The decentralisation of decision-making has made it meaningful to keep up a continuous and goal-oriented dialogue about the different issues that have been raised locally.The self-management has improved the outdoor environment and strengthened the ties between the active tenants as well as their identification with the estate. However, the effect on ecological issues has been limited, and so have the direct economic effects on housing management. Conflicts have been few and the informal conflict management has been on the whole successful. The absence of formally democratic elections, decision-making and accountability has sometimes been a problem when controversial issues have come up on the local agenda. Still many active tenants in the case-study estates are sceptical of introducing more formal procedures. By now the self-management has reached a certain degree of institutionalisation within the company. In contrast the prospects of institutionalisation among tenants still seem uncertain. The absence of democratic forms of decision-making could make it difficult to deal with issues about rents, periodic maintenance and repair, local rules of conduct, etc. A crucial condition for Poseidon’s self-management to be sustainable is that the positive attitudes of the company and the local staff will continue, another that a workable division of responsibility between the tenants association and the self-management can be developed. The most plausible scenario is a development towards a higher degree of differentiation. This would mean some estates without local collective action, other estates remaining on the current level of informal work on the outdoor environment, and still other moving towards formal local democracy and influence.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bergman, Penny, 1982, et al.
(author)
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Emotion and meaning in interpretation of sound sources
- 2008
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In: Journal of Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 0001-4966. ; 123, s. 3567-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research regarding the perception of sound focuses in large on the acoustical properties of the sound. We argue that, for a more complete picture of sound perception, one must take the non‐physical properties into account. By changing the emotional descriptor of a sound the perception in terms of level of annoyance will change. The present study investigates how a priming picture placing the origin of the sound in either a positive or negative environment affects the level of annoyance to same sound. Three different sounds were used in the experiment, all based on pink noise. The participants were, in the beginning of each sound, exposed to a picture telling where the sound originated. The picture was either a positive environment (a picture of a waterfall) or a negative environment (a picture of a larger factory). While listening to the sounds the participants completed different performance tasks. In the end of each sound the participants rated the level of annoyance. Results show that the annoyance ratings are significantly lower when primed with a positive picture. Results also indicate that for more attention demanding tasks this correlation is stronger. The findings are discussed in relation to theories of sound perception.
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| 9. |
- Bergman, Penny, 1982, et al.
(author)
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Emotion and meaning in interpretation of sound sources
- 2008
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In: 7th European Conference on Noise Control 2008, EURONOISE 2008, Paris, France, 29 June - 4 July 2008. - 2226-5147. ; , s. 3925-3929
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research regarding the perception of sound focuses in large on the acoustical properties of the sound. We argue that, for a more complete picture of sound perception, one must take the non-physical properties into account. By changing the emotional descriptor of a sound the perception in terms of level of annoyance will change. The present study investigates how a priming picture placing the origin of the sound to either a positive or negative environment affects the level of annoyance to same sound. 3 different sounds were used in the experiment, all based on pink noise. The participants were in the beginning of each sound exposed to a picture telling where the sound originated. The picture was either a positive environment (a picture of a waterfall) or a negative environment (a picture of a larger factory). While listening to the sounds the participants completed different performance tasks. In the end of each sound the participants rated level of annoyance to the sound. Results show that the annoyance ratings are significantly lower when primed with a positive picture. Results also indicate that for more attention demanding tasks this correlation is stronger. The findings are discussed in relation to theories of sound perception.
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| 10. |
- Bergman, Penny, 1982, et al.
(author)
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Perceptual and emotional categorization of sound
- 2009
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In: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 1520-8524 .- 0001-4966. ; 126:6, s. 3156-3167
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper investigates how different types of data from psychoacoustical experiments may be combined to render further knowledge about the mechanisms underlying sound perception. Two studies were conducted with auditory alerts of short duration. First, an experiment where participants rated the dissimilarity among the auditory alerts was performed. This resulted in a two-dimensional multi-dimensional scaling solution. Second, an experiment where participants evaluated the stimuli with semantic descriptors and rated their emotional reactions to the sounds was performed. The output of this experiment was a reduced set of underlying perceptual and emotional dimensions. The results of the two experiments were then integrated by the use of multi-dimensional perceptual unfolding and a set mediation analyses. The integrative analyses showed that part of the cognitive categorization of the semantic descriptors was mediated by the emotional reactions to the sounds. The results are discussed in relation to theories of auditory perception and emotional response categorization.
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| 11. |
- Bergman, Penny, 1982, et al.
(author)
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Sound preference as a moderator to restorative environments
- 2011
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In: Proceedings - 6th Forum Acusticum 2011, Aalborg, 27 June - 1 July 2011. - 2221-3767. ; , s. 1065-1068
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With increased stressful situations in the society the demands for restorative environments with a high ability to reduce stress increase. Studies of urban soundscapes have mainly focused on what kind of sounds that cause annoyance, or increase stress. Fewer have addressed the opposite: how may sound decrease perceived stress levels? Visual modality studies show a high correlation between preferred environments and their ability to reduce stress levels. Hypothetically the same should apply within the auditory modality. In order to study the possible effect of preferred sounds as a moderator for stress reduction: 24 participants were exposed to a stress inducing computer game and a subsequent rest while listening to either preferred or non-preferred sounds. The sounds were environmental sounds and rated by each participant in terms of preference before the experiment started. Experienced stress was measured right after the stress induction and after 20 minute long rests. The results show a significant decrease of perceived stress when exposed to preferred environmental sounds. When listening to the less preferred sounds during the rest there was no significant reduction of perceived stress. The results will be discussed in relation to theories of emoacoustics and attention restoration.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Brodén, Joséphine, et al.
(author)
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“Experts already have the answers". A mixed methods study on dental students’ reflections on risk assessment of root filled teeth
- 2023
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In: ESE Wladimir Adlivankine Research Prize, Education Prize and Original Research Abstracts.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Aims: Reflection on a deeper level is recognized as an important skill to learn for undergraduate students since mastering reflection can be helpful throughout their future careers. The aim with this study was to (i) examine if short structured written reflections could stimulate deep reflection among a group of dental students and (ii) explore specifically how the students reflected on clinical experience in relation to uncertainty when assessing the risk for exacerbation of apical periodontitis in root filled teeth.Methods: Short reflections were written by 52 dental students at Malmö University in 2021. All students first answered some questions associated with the risk for exacerbation of apical periodontitis in a case with a root filled tooth with a diffuse widening of the periodontal ligament space. After this, they were asked to write short reflections following prompts developed specifically to stimulate reflection. For each student, the reflections were analyzed and the level of reflection according to the 4Rs framework (Reporting/responding, Relating, Reasoning, Reconstructing) was assessed. The written content in the reflections were analyzed by a qualitative method, Systematic Text Condensation (STC). Results: Thirteen of the students (25%) reached the deepest level of reflection, Reconstructing. Sixteen students (31%), reached only the most superficial level, Report/respond. Two themes about experience and lack of experience were identified in the reflections: Theme 1 “The meaning of clinical experience” and Theme 2 “Differences and similarities”. The themes were subdivided into nine subgroups and described in more detail the relationship between experience and certainty as perceived by the students.Conclusions: A short reflection exercise stimulated deep reflection in a proportion of, but not all, dental students. The students believed that certainty comes with experience even when there is a lack of scientific evidence.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Chandler, Rebecca E., et al.
(author)
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Current Safety Concerns with Human Papillomavirus Vaccine : A Cluster Analysis of Reports in VigiBase®
- 2017
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In: Drug Safety. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0114-5916 .- 1179-1942. ; 40:1, s. 81-90
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: A number of safety signals-complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)-have emerged with human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, which share a similar pattern of symptomatology. Previous signal evaluations and epidemiological studies have largely relied on traditional methodologies and signals have been considered individually.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore global reporting patterns for HPV vaccine for subgroups of reports with similar adverse event (AE) profiles.METHODS: All individual case safety reports (reports) for HPV vaccines in VigiBase(®) until 1 January 2015 were identified. A statistical cluster analysis algorithm was used to identify natural groupings based on AE profiles in a data-driven exploratory analysis. Clinical assessment of the clusters was performed to identify clusters relevant to current safety concerns.RESULTS: Overall, 54 clusters containing at least five reports were identified. The four largest clusters included 71 % of the analysed HPV reports and described AEs included in the product label. Four smaller clusters were identified to include case reports relevant to ongoing safety concerns (total of 694 cases). In all four of these clusters, the most commonly reported AE terms were headache and dizziness and fatigue or syncope; three of these four AE terms were reported in >50 % of the reports included in the clusters. These clusters had a higher proportion of serious cases compared with HPV reports overall (44-89 % in the clusters compared with 24 %). Furthermore, only a minority of reports included in these clusters included AE terms of diagnoses to explain these symptoms. Using proportional reporting ratios, the combination of headache and dizziness with either fatigue or syncope was found to be more commonly reported in HPV vaccine reports compared with non-HPV vaccine reports for females aged 9-25 years. This disproportionality remained when results were stratified by age and when those countries reporting the signals of CRPS (Japan) and POTS (Denmark) were excluded.CONCLUSIONS: Cluster analysis reveals additional reports of AEs following HPV vaccination that are serious in nature and describe symptoms that overlap those reported in cases from the recent safety signals (POTS, CRPS, and CFS), but which do not report explicit diagnoses. While the causal association between HPV vaccination and these AEs remains uncertain, more extensive analyses of spontaneous reports can better identify the relevant case series for thorough signal evaluation.
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| 17. |
- Deschout, Hendrik, et al.
(author)
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Straightforward FRAP for quantitative diffusion measurements with a laser scanning microscope
- 2010
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In: Optics Express. - 1094-4087. ; 18:22, s. 22886-22905
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Confocal or multi-photon laser scanning microscopes are convenient tools to perform FRAP diffusion measurements. Despite its popularity, accurate FRAP remains often challenging since current methods are either limited to relatively large bleach regions or can be complicated for non-specialists. In order to bring reliable quantitative FRAP measurements to the broad community of laser scanning microscopy users, here we have revised FRAP theory and present a new pixel based FRAP method relying on the photo bleaching of rectangular regions of any size and aspect ratio. The method allows for fast and straightforward quantitative diffusion measurements due to a closed–form expression for the recovery process utilizing all available spatial and temporal data. After a detailed validation, its versatility is demonstrated by diffusion studies in heterogeneous biopolymer mixtures.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Fransson, Niklas, 1965, et al.
(author)
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A cognitive-representational account of intuitive moral judgment: Effects of typicality and accessibility
- 2010
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In: Open Psychology Journal. ; 3, s. 67-75
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this article, it is argued that intuitive judgments of immoral events result from an automatic process where perceived events are matched against mentally represented event prototypes. The proposed cognitive underpinnings of such a process are tested in two experiments. Experiment 1 demonstrated that typical immoral events require shorter judgment times than atypical events. This typicality effect implies that immediate moral responding depends on the similarity of an encountered event to a pre-existing mental prototype. Experiment 2 showed that priming representations of immoral events facilitates the responding only to other events violating the same moral value, and not to events related to other moral values. This finding provides further support for the notion that moral reactions rely on pre-existing schematic mental representations, and suggests that these representations are stored in associative networks with values as a basis for categorization. It is concluded that the results concord with and extend recent work that places moral cognition in a dual-process perspective.
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| 20. |
- Fransson, Niklas, 1965, et al.
(author)
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In search of the comfortable indoor environment: A comparison of the utility of objective and subjective indicators of indoor comfort.
- 2007
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In: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-1323. ; 42:5, s. 1886-1890
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Today, many procedures for assessing the indoor environment rely on both subjective and objective indicators (e.g. ANSI/ASHRAE 55-2004; ISO 10551). It is however unclear how these two types of measurements are related to perceived comfort. This article aims at assessing the relative utility of subjective (rating scale measures) and objective indicators of perceived comfort of indoor environments. In a hospital setting, physical environmental variables (e.g. temperature, relative humidity and noise level) were simultaneously measured as respondents (both patients and staff) rated their perception of the indoor environment. Regression analyses indicated that the subjective sensory ratings were significantly better than objective indicators at predicting overall rated indoor comfort. These results are discussed in relation to existing measurement procedures and standards.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Fransson, S., et al.
(author)
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Effect of confinement and kinetics on the morphology of phase separating gelatin-maltodextrin droplets
- 2009
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In: Biomacromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1525-7797 .- 1526-4602. ; 10:6, s. 1446-1453
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of confinement on the structure evolution and final morphology during phase separation and gelation of gelatin and maltodextrin was investigated and compared to the structures seen in bulk phase. Emulsion droplets with diameters from 4 to 300 ?m were analyzed using confocal laser scanning microscopy and image analysis. With the confocal laser scanning microscope it was possible to follow the entire phase separating process inside the droplets in real-time. The samples were either quenched directly from 70°C down to 20°C or exposed to holding times at 40°C. Different cooling procedures were studied to examine the structure evolution both before and after gelation in the restricted geometries. The concentration of the biopolymer mixture was kept constant at 4 w/w% gelatin and 6 w/w% maltodextrin. The results revealed that the size of the confinement had a great effect on both the initiation of phase separation and the final morphology of the microstructure inside the emulsion droplets. The phase separation in small droplets was observed to occur at a temperature above the phase separating temperature for bulk. Small droplets had either a microstructure with a shell of maltodextrin and core of gelatin or a microstructure where the two biopolymers had formed two separate bicontinuous halves. The initiation of phase separation in large droplets was similar to what was seen in bulk. The microstructure in large droplets was discontinuous, resembling the morphology in bulk phase. The kinetics had an effect on the character of the maltodextrin inclusions, as the cooling procedure of a direct quench gave spherical inclusions with an even size distribution, while a holding time at 40°C resulted in asymmetrical and elongated inclusions. © 2009 American Chemical Society.
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| 23. |
- Fransson, Sophia, 1979, et al.
(author)
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Modelling and confocal microscopy of biopolymer mixtures in confined geometries
- 2010
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In: Soft Matter. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1744-6848 .- 1744-683X. ; 6:12, s. 2713-2722
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The morphology of a phase separating and gelling biopolymer mixture (gelatin-maltodextrin) is strongly affected not only by thermodynamic conditions, but also by the presence of a restricted geometry. Phase separation within droplets is analysed using confocal laser scanning microscopy and image analysis by varying concentration (4% gelatin and 4%-7.3% maltodextrin), quench temperature (10 degrees C to 25 degrees C) and droplet diameters (10 mu m-120 mu m). The effects of confinement as well as quench temperature increase with increasing maltodextrin concentration in 120 mu m sized droplets. In small droplets below 20 mu m, the confinement and surface dominate the microstructure. The trends observed show good agreement with predictions of the elastic Lennard-Jones (ELJ) model, adapted to handle confinement, that is solved via conventional molecular dynamics. A one-dimensional spin-chain with variable bond length is furthermore introduced and shown to capture a number of qualitative behaviors. The findings reveal that the confined biopolymer mixture can be characterized by the very few parameters of the ELJ model, which incorporates the basic mechanism of short range attraction (collapse, crystallization) versus long range elastic repulsion (osmotic penalty). Accordingly, the study suggests that the model provides a handle towards the morphological design of binary polymer mixtures in microcapsules, droplets or other geometries of well defined size and shape.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Hrastinski, Stefan, 1980-, et al.
(author)
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Critical Imaginaries and Reflections on Artificial Intelligence and Robots in Postdigital K-12 Education
- 2019
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In: Postdigital Science and Education. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2524-485X .- 2524-4868 .- 2662-5326. ; 1:2, s. 427-445
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is commonly suggested that emerging technologies will revolutionize education. In this paper, two such emerging technologies, artificial intelligence (AI) and educational robots (ER), are in focus. The aim of the paper is to explore how teachers, researchers and pedagogical developers critically imagine and reflect upon how AI and robots could be used in education. The empirical data were collected from discussion groups that were part of a symposium. For both AI and ERs, the need for more knowledge about these technologies, how they could preferably be used, and how the emergence of these technologies might affect the role of the teacher and the relationship between teachers and students, were outlined. Many participants saw more potential to use AI for individualization as compared with ERs. However, there were also more concerns, such as ethical issues and economic interests, when discussing AI. While the researchers/developers to a greater extent imagined ideal future technology-rich educational practices, the practitioners were more focused on imaginaries grounded in current practice.
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