| 1. |
- Burchardt, Steffi, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Progressive growth of the Cerro Bayo cryptodome, Chachahuén volcano, Argentina : implications for viscous magma emplacement
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth. - 2169-9313 .- 2169-9356. ; 124, s. 7934-7961
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cryptodome and dome collapse is associated with volcanic hazards, such as, explosive eruptions, pyroclastic density currents, and volcanic edifice collapse. The study of the growth and evolution of volcanic domes provides vital information on the link between dome growth and the development of weakness zones that may cause collapse. The Cerro Bayo cryptodome is superbly exposed in the eroded Miocene Chachahuén volcano in the Neuquén basin, Argentina. Cerro Bayo is a >0.3 km3 trachyandesitic cryptodome that intruded within the uppermost kilometer of the Chachahuén volcano. Here we investigate the emplacement of the Cerro Bayo cryptodome using structural mapping, photogrammetry, 3D structural modelling and measurement of magma flow indicators, brittle deformation features and magnetic fabrics with anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS). Magma flow fabrics near the margin are concentric and indicate contact-parallel flow and internal inflation of the body. Magmatic and magnetic fabrics and fracture patterns in the interior of the cryptodome are more complex and outline several structural domains. These domains are separated by magmatic shear zones that accommodated intrusion growth. The shear zones locally overprint the earlier formed concentric fabric. The nature of the structural domains shows that emplacement of Cerro Bayo occurred in three stages that resemble the endogenous to exogenous growth of volcanic domes. The formation of magmatic shear zones during cryptodome formation may have a profound effect on cryptodome stability by creating weakness zones that increase the risk of collapse.
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| 2. |
- Burchardt, Steffi, et al.
(författare)
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Progressive growth of the Cerro Bayo cryptodome, Chachahuén volcano, Argentina – implications for viscous magma emplacement
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cryptodome and dome collapse is associated with volcanic hazards, such as, explosive eruptions, pyroclastic flows, and volcanic edifice collapse. Study of the growth and evolution of volcanic domes provides vital information on the link between dome growth and the development of weakness zones that may cause collapse. The Cerro Bayo cryptodome is superbly exposed in the eroded Miocene Chachahuén volcano in the Neuquén basin, Argentina. Cerro Bayo is a >0.3 km3 trachyandesitic cryptodome that intruded within the uppermost kilometer of the Chachahuén volcano. Here we investigate the emplacement of the Cerro Bayo cryptodome using structural mapping, photogrammetry, 3D structural modelling and measurement of magma flow indicators, brittle deformation features and magnetic fabrics with anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS). Magma flow fabrics near the margin are concentric and indicate contact-parallel flow and internal inflation of the body. Magmatic and magnetic fabrics and fracture patters in the interior of the cryptodome are more complex and outline several structural domains. These domains are separated by magmatic shear zones that accommodated intrusion growth. The shear zones locally overprint the earlier formed concentric fabric. The nature of the structural domains shows that emplacement of Cerro Bayo occurred in three stages that resemble the endogenous to exogenous growth of volcanic domes. The formation of magmatic shear zones during cryptodome formation may have a profound effect on cryptodome stability by creating weakness zones that increase the risk of collapse.
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| 3. |
- Galland, Olivier, et al.
(författare)
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Application of open-source photogrammetric software MicMac for monitoring surface deformation in laboratory models
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth. - 2169-9313 .- 2169-9356. ; 121:4, s. 2852-2872
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quantifying deformation is essential inmodern laboratorymodels of geological systems. This paper presents a new laboratory monitoring method through the implementation of the open-source software MicMac, which efficiently implements photogrammetry in Structure-from-Motion algorithms. Critical evaluation is provided using results from two example laboratory geodesy scenarios: magma emplacement and strike-slip faulting. MicMac automatically processes images fromsynchronized cameras to compute time series of digital elevation models (DEMs) and orthorectified images of model surfaces. MicMac also implements digital image correlation to produce high-resolution displacements maps. The resolution of DEMs and displacement maps corresponds to the pixel size of the processed images. Using 24 MP cameras, the precision of DEMs and displacements is similar to 0.05mm on a 40 x 40 cm surface. Processing displacement maps with Matlab (R) scripts allows automatic fracturemapping on themonitored surfaces. MicMac also offers the possibility to integrate 3-Dmodels of excavated structures with the corresponding surface deformation data. The high resolution and high precision of MicMac results and the ability to generate virtual 3-D models of complex structures make it a very promising tool for quantitative monitoring in laboratory models of geological systems.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Galland, Olivier, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamics of dikes versus cone sheets in volcanic systems
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth. - 2169-9313 .- 2169-9356. ; 119:8, s. 6178-6192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Igneous sheet intrusions of various shapes, such as dikes and cone sheets, coexist as parts of complex volcanic plumbing systems likely fed by common sources. How they form is fundamental regarding volcanic hazards, yet no dynamic model simulates and predicts satisfactorily their diversity. Here we present scaled laboratory experiments that reproduced dikes and cone sheets under controlled conditions. Our models show that their formation is governed by a dimensionless ratio (Pi(1)), which describes the geometry of the magma source, and a dynamic dimensionless ratio (Pi(2)), which compares the viscous stresses in the flowing magma to the host rock strength. Plotting our experiments against these two numbers results in a phase diagram evidencing a dike and a cone sheet field, separated by a sharp transition that fits a power law. This result shows that dikes and cone sheets correspond to distinct physical regimes of magma emplacement in the crust. For a given host rock strength, cone sheets preferentially form when the source is shallow, relative to its lateral extent, or when the magma influx velocity (or viscosity) is high. Conversely, dikes form when the source is deep compared to its size, or when magma influx rate (or viscosity) is low. Both dikes and cone sheets may form from the same source, the shift from one regime to the other being then controlled by magma dynamics, i.e., different values of Pi(2). The extrapolated empirical dike-to-cone sheet transition is in good agreement with the occurrence of dikes and cone sheets in various natural volcanic settings.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Galland, Olivier, et al.
(författare)
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Laboratory Modelling of Volcano Plumbing Systems : A Review
- 2015
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Ingår i: Advances in Volcanology. - Cham : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg.
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We review the numerous experimental studies dedicated to unravelling the physics and dynamics of various parts of a volcanic plumbing system. Section 1 lists the model materials commonly used for model magmas or model rocks. We describe these materials’ mechanical properties and discuss their suitability for modelling sub-volcanic processes. Section 2 examines the fundamental concepts of dimensional analysis and similarity in laboratory modelling. We provide a step-by-step explanation of how to apply dimensional analysis to laboratory models in order to identify fundamental physical laws that govern the modelled processes in dimensionless (i.e. scale independent) form. Section 3 summarises and discusses the past applications of laboratory models to understand numerous features of volcanic plumbing systems. These include: dykes, cone sheets, sills, laccoliths, caldera-related structures, ground deformation, magma/fault interactions, and explosive vents. We outline how laboratory models have yielded insights into the main geometric and mechanical controls on the development of each part of the volcanic plumbing system. We conclude with some perspectives on the limitations of past and current analogue modelling approaches, and on challenges to be addressed by future research.
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| 8. |
- Greiner, Sonja H. M., et al.
(författare)
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Interaction between propagating basaltic dikes and pre-existing fractures : A case study in hyaloclastite from Dyrfjoll, Iceland
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. - : Elsevier. - 0377-0273 .- 1872-6097. ; 442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Magma in the Earth's crust is commonly transported through dikes. Fractures and faults, which are common in the shallow crust, form structural weaknesses that can act as energy-efficient propagation pathways. Although examples of this are known from active and extinct volcanoes in varying host rocks, the conditions and mechanisms of how and when dikes are influenced by these structures are not yet fully understood. This study investigates how basaltic dikes propagating through hyaloclastite in the shallow crust interact with pre-existing fractures. Using virtual 3D-models from drone-based photogrammetry, we mapped basaltic dikes exposed in a caldera-filling hyaloclastite in the extinct Dyrfjoll volcano, NE-Iceland, to measure the orientations of fractures and dikes, and quantify their interactions. We observe 39 changes in strike among 45 dikes and found a strong control of the governing stress field on orientations and interactions. Three types of dike-fracture interaction were identified: (1) Dikes propagating along pre-existing fractures. This is most frequently observed for dikes following the tectonic stress field. (2) Dikes with an abrupt change in strike occurring near or at a crosscutting fracture, but without magma flow into the fracture. (3) Dikes arrested at a crosscutting fracture. Such dikes may develop offshoots near the dike tip, which may approach the fracture at different angles and be able to cut across. Understanding how dikes interact with pre-existing fractures in moderately fractured host rock such as hyalo-clastite is relevant for hazard assessment and monitoring of volcanically active areas.
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| 9. |
- Guldstrand, Frank, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental Constraints on Forecasting the Location of Volcanic Eruptions from Pre-eruptive Surface Deformation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Earth Science. - : FRONTIERS MEDIA SA. - 2296-6463. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Volcanic eruptions pose a threat to lives and property when volcano flanks and surroundings are densely populated. The local impact of an eruption depends firstly on its location, whether it occurs near a volcano summit, or down on the flanks. Then forecasting, with a defined accuracy, the location of a potential, imminent eruption would significantly improve the assessment and mitigation of volcanic hazards. Currently, the conventional volcano monitoring methods based on the analysis of surface deformation assesses whether a volcano may erupt but are not implemented to locate imminent eruptions in real time. Here we show how surface deformation induced by ascending eruptive feeders can be used to forecast the eruption location through a simple geometrical analysis. Our analysis builds on the results of 33 scaled laboratory experiments simulating the emplacement of viscous magma intrusions in a brittle, cohesive Coulomb crust under lithostatic stress conditions. The intrusion-induced surface deformation was systematically monitored at high spatial and temporal resolution. In all the experiments, surface deformation preceding the eruptions resulted in systematic uplift, regardless of the intrusion shape. The analysis of the surface deformation patterns leads to the definition of a vector between the center of the uplifted area and the point of maximum uplift, which systematically acted as a precursor to the eruption's location. The temporal evolution of this vector indicated the direction in which the subsequent eruption would occur and ultimately the location itself, irrespective of the feeder shapes. Our findings represent a new approach on how surface deformation on active volcanoes that are not in active rifts could be analysed and used prior to an eruption with a real potential to improve hazard mitigation.
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| 10. |
- Lescoutre, Rodolphe, et al.
(författare)
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Large-scale, flat-lying mafic intrusions in the Baltican crust and their influence on basement deformation during the Caledonian orogeny
- 2022
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Ingår i: Geological Society of America Bulletin. - : Geological Society of America. - 0016-7606 .- 1943-2674. ; 134:11-12, s. 3022-3048
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Fennoscandian Shield in central Sweden displays a complex structural and compositional architecture that is mainly related to the Proterozoic history of the Baltica paleocontinent. In its western parts, the Precambrian basement is covered by the allochthonous rocks of the Caledonide orogen, and direct information about the underlying crust is restricted to a few unevenly distributed basement windows in western Sweden and Norway. In this study, we use preliminary results from the second borehole of the Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides project (COSC-2), new gravity data, forward gravity, and magnetic modeling and interpretation of seismic reflection profiles to assess the 3-D architecture of the basement. Our results reveal a wide (∼100 km) and dense network of mainly flat-lying and saucer-shaped dolerites intruding the volcanic and granitic upper crustal rocks of the Transscandinavian Igneous Belt. Similar intrusion geometries related to 1.2 Ga dolerites can be recognized in the Fennoscandian Shield. We discuss that the formation of these sill complexes occurred in a lithologically and structurally heterogeneous crust during transtension, which is in disagreement with the current understanding of sill emplacement that involves crustal shortening, layering, or anisotropy of the host rock. Our seismic interpretation and the structural observations from the COSC-2 drilling show that part of the Caledonian-related basement deformation was localized along the margins of the dolerite sheets. We propose that the dolerite intrusion geometry, akin to a flat-ramp geometry, guided the basement deformation during the Caledonian orogeny.
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| 11. |
- Mattsson, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Decrypting magnetic fabrics (AMS, AARM, AIRM) through the analysis of mineral shape fabrics and distribution anisotropy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 2169-9313 .- 2169-9356. ; 126:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) and anisotropy of magnetic remanence (AARM and AIRM) are efficient and versatile techniques to indirectly determine rock fabrics. Yet, deciphering the source of a magnetic fabric remains a crucial and challenging step, notably in the presence of ferrimagnetic phases. Here we use X-ray micro-computed tomography to directly compare mineral shape-preferred orientation and spatial distribution fabrics to AMS, AARM and AIRM fabrics from five hypabyssal trachyandesite samples. Magnetite grains in the trachyandesite are euhedral with a mean aspect ratio of 1.44 (0.24 s.d., long/short axis), and > 50% of the magnetite grains occur in clusters, and they are therefore prone to interact magnetically. Amphibole grains are prolate with magnetite in breakdown rims. We identified three components of the petrofabric that influence the AMS of the analyzed samples: the magnetite and the amphibole shape fabrics and the magnetite spatial distribution. Depending on their relative strength, orientation and shape, these three components interfere either constructively or destructively to produce the AMS fabric. If the three components are coaxial, the result is a relatively strongly anisotropic AMS fabric (P’ = 1.079). If shape fabrics and/or magnetite distribution are non-coaxial, the resulting AMS is weakly anisotropic (P’ = 1.012). This study thus reports quantitative petrofabric data that show the effect of magnetite distribution anisotropy on magnetic fabrics in igneous rocks, which has so far only been predicted by experimental and theoretical models. Our results have first-order implications for the interpretation of petrofabrics using magnetic methods.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Mattsson, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Magma Deformation During Laccolith Emplacement: Examples From Iceland And Argentina
- 2018
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Ingår i: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Felsic magma commonly pools within shallow mushroom-shaped magmatic intrusions, so-called laccoliths or cryptodomes, which can cause both explosive eruptions and collapse of the volcanic edifice. Deformation during laccolith emplacement is primarily considered to occur in the host rock. However, shallowly emplaced laccoliths show extensive internal, magmatic deformation. While deformation of magma in volcanic conduits is an important process for regulating eruptive behavior, the effects of magma deformation on intrusion emplacement remain largely unexplored. By combining field mapping, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility and microstructural analysis, we studied the emplacement of two laccoliths emplaced within the upper kilometer of the crust in a single intrusive event. The rhyolitic Sandfell laccolith, Iceland, which intruded at a depth of 500 m and the dacitic Cerro Bayo laccolith, Argentina. The initial growth stage of the two laccoliths is characterized by contact parallel flow indicators that formed during inflation of the laccolith. The second growth stage encompass brecciation and fracturing in the rim of the intrusion. Fractures in the Sandfell laccolith occur in layers and individual fractures are parallel to strain-localization bands in coherent rhyolite. A dominantly oblate magmatic fabric in the fractured areas, S-C fabrics in flow bands and conjugate geometry of strain-localization bands and the fractures demonstrate that the magma was sheared and compacted by the continuous intrusion of magma into the bodies. This further implies that the rims of the magma bodies essentially solidified during the intrusive event. In the third stage of growth, the stalled rim of the laccolith is breached, which promotes vertical growth of the magma body facilitated by larger steeply-dipping faults and shear zones. Our observations indicate that syn-emplacement changes in magma rheology play a major role in the emplacement of viscous magma intrusions in the upper kilometer of the crust.
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| 14. |
- Mattsson, Tobias, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Quantifying the crystal cargo of the Cerro Bayo cryptodome, Argentina; A window into pre-emplacement magma processes and storage conditions
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Shallow plumbing systems with intermediate to evolved volcanic systems can show complex magma recycling and recharge systematics. Such evidence is often stored in the information looked within the crystal cargo found in shallow systems. The Cerro Bayo cryptodome provides a classic example of such processes and was emplaced in the upper kilometre of the Miocene, back-arc Chachahuén volcano. Cerro Bayo formed during an extensive dome-building (and collapse) stage of the Chachahuén volcano, and is composed of a porphyritic trachyandesite which contains numerous mafic enclaves. This contribution investigates the deeper magma plumbing system and magmatic processes preceding the emplacement of Cerro Bayo with petrography, mineral chemistry, crystal size distributions and thermobarometry. The main crystals found in Cerro Bayo are plagioclase and amphiboles, found as mixed phenocryst/antecryst and glomerocryts, constituting about 30 vol. % of the rock. Minor mineral phases include pyroxene, apatite and magnetite. Several crystal populations are identified within the Cerro Bayo, which indicate differences within the growth histories of the populations. Some plagioclase crystal display resorbed textures and show zones with sharp increases in An mol% (up to 25 %), indicative of recharge events with hot (more mafic) magma. Whereas other crystals record only small temperature shifts, likely induced by latent heat of crystallisation. Amphibole and clinopyroxene barometers yield average crystallisation pressure estimates that range from 740 to 1036 MPa, however, they overlap within error of the barometers, revealing a storage region prior to shallow emplacement at about 30 to 40 km depth in the lower crust. The voluminous crystal cargo, diverse zoning patterns, sieve-textured plagioclase and the abundant enclaves in Cerro Bayo suggest that the magma was derived from a crystal mush storage region that was mobilised and partly mixed by the recharge of mafic melt.
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| 15. |
- Mualla, Yazan, et al.
(författare)
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A Cyber-Physical System for Semi-autonomous Oil & Gas Drilling Operations
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 Third IEEE International Conference on Robotic Computing (IRC). - : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781538692455 ; , s. 514-519
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Oil&Gas drilling operations and after reaching deep drilled depths, high temperature increases significantly enough to damage the down-hole drilling tools, and the existing mitigation process is insufficient. In this paper, we propose a Cyber-Physical System (CPS) where agents are used to represent the collaborating entities in Oil\&Gas fields both up-hole and down-hole. With the proposed CPS, down-hole tools respond to high temperature autonomously with a decentralized collective voting based on the tools' internal decision model while waiting for the cooling performed up-hole by the field engineer. This decision model, driven by the tools' specifications, aims to withstand high temperature. The proposed CPS is implemented using a multiagent simulation environment, and the results show that it mitigates high temperature properly with both the voting and the cooling mechanisms.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Mualla, Yazan, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a Real-time Mitigation of High Temperature while Drilling using a Multi-agent System
- 2018
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Ingår i: 1st International Workshop on Real-Time Compliant Multi-Agent Systems, RTcMAS 2018. - : CEUR-WS. ; , s. 77-92
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In oilfield wells, while drilling for several kilometers below surface, high temperature damages the drilling tools. This costs money and time for tripping operations to change the damaged tool. Existing temperature mitigation techniques have several drawbacks including a long response time, analogue signal issues and human intervention. In this work, we empower the down-hole tools with a coordination mechanism to mitigate high temperature in soft real time by controlling a down-hole actuator through a voting process. The tools are represented by agents that control the sensors and actuators embedded in these tools. To implement the proposed system properly, a model of the drilling domain is constructed with all drilling mechanics and parameters, along with the well trajectory and temperature equations taken into consideration. The proposed model is implemented and tested using AgentOil, a multi-agent-based simulation tool, and the results are evaluated. Furthermore, the requirements of a real-time temperature mitigation system for Oil&Gas drilling operations are identified and the constraints of such systems are analyzed.
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| 18. |
- Palma, J. Octavio, et al.
(författare)
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Stratigraphy and structure of Chachahuén volcanic complex, southern Mendoza province, Argentina
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of South American Earth Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 0895-9811 .- 1873-0647. ; 140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Chachahuén Volcanic Complex is an eroded Upper Miocene arc to back-arc volcanic system that was emplaced in the north-eastern edge of the Neuquén Basin, southern Mendoza province, Argentina. It was formed as the result of shallowing followed by steepening of the Nazca plate during Miocene-Pliocene, and is characterized by a volcanism which ranges from trachydacites to basalts. Thanks to erosion, the stratigraphy and the shallow plumbing systems of the volcano are well-exposed. A new evolution for the volcano stratigraphy is proposed, based on new field observations, satellite imagery, and incorporating the radiometric and petrological data of previous works. The stratigraphy is constrained around one main explosive event, recorded by a thick dacitic pyroclastic density current (PDC) deposit (the Corrales Ignimbrite) (>150m). The main units forming the Chachahuén Volcanic Complex are (1) the pre-dacite PDC deposits (trachydacitic to rhyolitic) Vizcachas Formation, (2) the thick Corrales Ignimbrite, (3) a post-dacite trachyandesitic PDC deposits (dominated by block and ash (BAF) deposits) and thick lava flows, and (4) thin mafic basaltic lava flows. The collapse of a large elliptical caldera occurred during the Trachyandesite phase. The main magma transport channels and feeders are sub-vertical dykes, which exhibit a radial distribution centred on the main caldera depression. Moreover, cryptodomes mainly preserved outside the rim of the caldera accommodated the transport and emplacement of the more silicic magma during the Trachyandesite phase.
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| 19. |
- Schmiedel, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Emplacement and Segment Geometry of Large, High-Viscosity Magmatic Sheets
- 2021
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Ingår i: Minerals. - : MDPI AG. - 2075-163X. ; 11:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding magma transport in sheet intrusions is crucial to interpreting volcanic unrest. Studies of dyke emplacement and geometry focus predominantly on low-viscosity, mafic dykes. Here, we present an in-depth study of two high-viscosity dykes (106 Pa·s) in the Chachahuén volcano, Argentina, the Great Dyke and the Sosa Dyke. To quantify dyke geometries, magma flow indicators, and magma viscosity, we combine photogrammetry, microstructural analysis, igneous petrology, Fourier-Transform-Infrared-Spectroscopy, and Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS). Our results show that the dykes consist of 3 to 8 mappable segments up to 2 km long. Segments often end in a bifurcation, and segment tips are predominantly oval, but elliptical tips occur in the outermost segments of the Great Dyke. Furthermore, variations in host rocks have no observable impact on dyke geometry. AMS fabrics and other flow indicators in the Sosa Dyke show lateral magma flow in contrast to the vertical flow suggested by the segment geometries. A comparison with segment geometries of low-viscosity dykes shows that our high-viscosity dykes follow the same geometrical trend. In fact, the data compilation supports that dyke segment and tip geometries reflect different stages in dyke emplacement, questioning the current usage for final sheet geometries as proxies for emplacement mechanism.
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| 20. |
- Weyns, Danny, et al.
(författare)
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Agent Environments for Multi-agent Systems : A Research Roadmap
- 2015
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Ingår i: Agent Environments for Multi-Agent Systems IV. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319238500 - 9783319238494 ; , s. 3-21
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ten years ago, researchers in multi-agent systems became more and more aware that agent systems consist of more than only agents. The series of workshops on Environments for Multi-Agent Systems (E4MAS 2004-2006) emerged from this awareness. One of the primary outcomes of this endeavor was a principled understanding that the agent environment should be considered as a primary design abstraction, equally important as the agents. A special issue in JAAMAS 2007 contributed a set of influential papers that define the role of agent environments, describe their engineering, and outline challenges in the field that have been the drivers for numerous follow up research efforts. The goal of this paper is to wrap up what has been achieved in the past 10 years and identify challenges for future research on agent environments. Instead of taking a broad perspective, we focus on three particularly relevant topics of modern software intensive systems: large scale, openness, and humans in the loop. For each topic, we reflect on the challenges outlined 10 years ago, present an example application that highlights the current trends, and from that outline challenges for the future. We conclude with a roadmap on how the different challenges could be tackled.
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