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- Ekstrom, S, et al.
(författare)
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COVID-19 among young adults in Sweden: self-reported long-term symptoms and associated factors
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 50:1, s. 85-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main aim of the study was to describe self-reported symptoms of COVID-19 and examine if long-term symptoms are associated with lifestyle factors or common chronic diseases among Swedish young adults. A secondary aim was to compare the prevalence of smoking and snuff use before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The study population includes 1644 participants aged 23–26 years from the Swedish population-based birth cohort BAMSE. From August to November 2020, the participants answered a web questionnaire on COVID-19 symptoms, lifestyle and health. Information on tobacco use was compared against the previous study follow-up in 2016–2019. Results: The prevalence of suspected COVID-19 symptoms was 45.3% ( n=742), and 80 of these (10.8%) reported long-term symptoms (⩾4 weeks). There was no significant difference in sociodemographic or lifestyle factors in relation to the duration of suspected COVID-19 symptoms. Rhinitis, migraine and lower self-rated health before the pandemic was more common among participants with long-term symptoms. In addition, there was a tendency for higher prevalences of asthma, chronic bronchitis and depression in this group. The prevalence of smoking decreased from 18.9% before the pandemic to 14.7% during the pandemic, while snuff use increased from 12.7% to 22.4% ( P<0.001). Conclusions: Almost half of Swedish young adults have had symptoms of suspected COVID-19 from February up to August 2020. Among these, one out of 10 have had long-term symptoms for at least 4 weeks. Long-term symptoms of suspected COVID-19 were associated with several common chronic conditions. Smoking may have decreased during the pandemic, while snuff use may have increased.
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- Johanson, G., et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative relationships of perfluoroalkyl acids in drinking water associated with serum concentrations above background in adults living near contamination hotspots in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-9351 .- 1096-0953. ; 219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contaminated drinking water (DW) is a major source of exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) at locations around PFAS production/use facilities and military airports. This study aimed to investigate quantitative relationships between concentrations in DW and serum of nine perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in Swedish adult populations living near contamination hotspots. Short-chained (PFPeA, PFHxA, PFHpA, and PFBS) and long-chained PFAAs (PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFHxS and PFOS) were measured in DW and serum. We matched DW and serum concentrations for a total of 398 subjects living or working in areas receiving contaminated DW and in one non-contaminated area. Thereafter, linear regression analysis with and without adjustments for co-variates was conducted. This enabled to derive (i) serum concentrations at background exposure (CB) from sources other than local DW exposure (i.e. food, dust and textiles) at 0 ng/L DW concentration, (ii) population-mean PFAA serum:water ratios (SWR) and (iii) PFAA concentrations in DW causing observable elevated serum PFAA concentrations above background variability. Median concentrations of the sum of nine PFAAs ranged between 2.8 and 1790 ng/L in DW and between 7.6 and 96.9 ng/mL in serum. DW concentration was the strongest predictor, resulting in similar unadjusted and adjusted regression coefficients. Mean CB ranged from <0.1 (PFPeA, PFHpA, PFBS) to 5.1 ng/mL (PFOS). Serum concentrations increased significantly with increasing DW concentrations for all PFAAs except for PFPeA with SWRs ranging from <10 (PFHxA, PFHpA and PFBS) to 111 (PFHxS). Observed elevated serum concentrations above background variability were reached at DW concentrations between 24 (PFOA) and 357 ng/L (PFHxA). The unadjusted linear regression predictions agreed well with serum concentrations previously reported in various populations exposed to low and high DW levels of PFOA, PFHxS and PFOS. The quantitative relationships derived herein should be helpful to translate PFAA concentrations in DW to concentrations in serum at the population level.
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- Mitselou, Niki, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Preterm birth and risk of IgE sensitization up to early adulthood : a population-based birth cohort study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 76:Suppl. 110, s. 397-399
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitization is associated with asthma and allergic diseases. Gestational age influences early immune system development, thereby potentially affecting the process of tolerance induction to allergens. We aimed to study IgE sensitization to common allergens by gestational age from childhood up to early adulthood. Method: Population-based birth cohort, data from the Swedish BAMSE study was used. Allergen-specific IgE to a mix of common food (fx5) and inhalant (Phadiatop) allergens were analysed at 4, 8, 16 and 24 years. Sensitization was defined as allergen-specific IgE ≥0.35 kU A /l to fx5 and/or Phadiatop at each time-point. Using logistic regression and generalized estimated equations, adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for sensitization in relation to gestational age were calculated. Replication was sought within the Swedish twin study STOPPA.Results: In BAMSE, 3523 participants were screened for IgE anti-bodies during follow-up; of these, 197 (5.6%) were born preterm (<37 gestational weeks), and 330 (9.4%) post-term (≥42 weeks). Preterm birth was inversely associated with sensitization to common food and/or inhalant allergens up to early adulthood; overall aOR = 0.71 (95% CI = 0.51- 0.98). An inverse association was also observed between preterm birth and sensitization to food allergens specifically; overall aOR = 0.59 (95% CI = 0.38- 0.95). No relation was found between post-term birth and IgE sensitization at any time-point. Replication analyses in STOPPA ( N = 675) showed similar risk estimates for sensitization to food and/or inhalant allergens (aOR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.45- 1.26), which resulted in a combined meta-analysis aOR = 0.72 (95% CI: 0.55- 0.95). Conclusion: Our study suggests an inverse association between preterm birth and later IgE sensitization.
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- Mogensen, I, et al.
(författare)
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Lung function in young adulthood: differences between males and females with asthma
- 2022
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Ingår i: ERJ open research. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 2312-0541. ; 8:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are phenotypic differences in asthma in males and females. Differences in lung function between the sexes at the peak lung function level in young adulthood are so far not directly addressed. The aim of the present study was to assess lung function in early adulthood in males and females depending on asthma onset and remission.MethodsParticipants were included from the population-based birth cohort BAMSE and classified as having: never asthma, childhood asthma in remission, adolescent onset asthma or persistent asthma. Pre- and post-bronchodilator lung function (in Z-score) and lung clearance index (LCI) were measured at age 24 years. Lung function was compared stratified for sex between the never asthma and asthma groups univariately and in multiple linear regression analyses adjusted for maternal and paternal asthma, maternal smoking during pregnancy, secondary smoking, daily smoking, early respiratory syncytial virus infection, traffic pollution, childhood allergic sensitisation, and body mass index at age 24 years.ResultsAll asthma phenotypes were associated with a lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) post-bronchodilation at 24 years. This was most pronounced in males with persistent asthma compared to males with never asthma (regression coefficient: −0.503; 95% CI: −0.708– −0.298). Childhood asthma (in remission or persistent) was associated with a lower FEV1. After adjustment, the associations remained significant for males. For females, the significant associations with lower FEV1 and FEV1/FVC remained only for subjects with asthma in remission. Persistent asthma was associated with higher LCI in females.ConclusionsIn females, in contrast to males, the association between asthma and lower lung function was attenuated after adjustment for known risk factors.
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