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- Kanai, M, et al.
(författare)
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- 2023
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swepub:Mat__t
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- Walker, Anthony P., et al.
(författare)
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Integrating the evidence for a terrestrial carbon sink caused by increasing atmospheric CO2
- 2021
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Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 229:5, s. 2413-2445
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) is increasing, which increases leaf‐scale photosynthesis and intrinsic water‐use efficiency. These direct responses have the potential to increase plant growth, vegetation biomass, and soil organic matter; transferring carbon from the atmosphere into terrestrial ecosystems (a carbon sink). A substantial global terrestrial carbon sink would slow the rate of [CO2] increase and thus climate change. However, ecosystem CO2 responses are complex or confounded by concurrent changes in multiple agents of global change and evidence for a [CO2]‐driven terrestrial carbon sink can appear contradictory. Here we synthesize theory and broad, multidisciplinary evidence for the effects of increasing [CO2] (iCO2) on the global terrestrial carbon sink. Evidence suggests a substantial increase in global photosynthesis since pre‐industrial times. Established theory, supported by experiments, indicates that iCO2 is likely responsible for about half of the increase. Global carbon budgeting, atmospheric data, and forest inventories indicate a historical carbon sink, and these apparent iCO2 responses are high in comparison to experiments and predictions from theory. Plant mortality and soil carbon iCO2 responses are highly uncertain. In conclusion, a range of evidence supports a positive terrestrial carbon sink in response to iCO2, albeit with uncertain magnitude and strong suggestion of a role for additional agents of global change.
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- Georgiou, Nikos, et al.
(författare)
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Spatio-Seasonal Hypoxia/Anoxia Dynamics and Sill Circulation Patterns Linked to Natural Ventilation Drivers, in a Mediterranean Landlocked Embayment : Amvrakikos Gulf, Greece
- 2021
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Ingår i: Geosciences. - : MDPI. - 2076-3263. ; 11:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amvrakikos Gulf is a Mediterranean landlocked, fjord-like embayment and marine protected area suffering from natural, human-induced hypoxia/anoxia and massive fish mortality events. Seasonal marine geophysical and oceanographic surveys were conducted focusing on the water-circulation patterns at the sill and the spatial-seasonal distribution of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the gulf. Detailed surveys at the sill, the only communication route between the gulf and the open sea, revealed a two-layer water circulation pattern (top brackish outflow-bottom seawater inflow) and the role of the tide in the daily water exchange. Statistical analysis of the known natural drivers of DO distribution (density difference between the Ionian Sea and Amvrakikos, river inflow, wind) revealed that horizontal density gradients strongly affect anoxia reduction and seafloor oxygenation, while river inflow and wind mainly oxygenate volume/areas located above or within the pycnocline range, with DO concentrations > 2 mg/L. Complex geomorphology with well-formed internal basins contributes to the development and preservation of low DO conditions below the pycnocline. Finally, 43% of the seafloor and 36% of the gulf's total water volume are permanently hypoxic, and reach a maximum of 70% and 62%, respectively, in September and July. This work is tailored to future ecosystem management plans, decisions, and future research on coastal ecosystems.
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- Katsavrias, C., et al.
(författare)
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On the Generation of Pi2 Pulsations due to Plasma Flow Patterns Around Magnetosheath Jets
- 2021
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 48:15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report observations of a magnetosheath jet followed by a period of decelerated background plasma. During this period, THEMIS-A magnetometer showed abrupt disturbances which, in the wavelet spectrum, appeared as prominent and irregular pulsations in two frequency bands (7.6-9.2 and 12-17 mHz) within the Pi2 range. The observations suggest-for the first time to our knowledge-that these pulsations were locally generated by the abrupt magnetic field changes driven by the jet's interaction with the ambient magnetosheath plasma. Furthermore, similar pulsations, detected by THEMIS-D inside the magnetosphere with a 140 s time-lag (which corresponds to the propagation time of a disturbance traveling with Alfvenic speed), are shown to be directly associated with the ones in the magnetosheath, which raises the question of how exactly these pulsations are propagated through the magnetopause.
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- Makrakis, D, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of body tissue composition on the outcome of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors
- 2023
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Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 18:2, s. e0277708-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity and sarcopenia have been reported to affect outcomes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We analyzed prospective data from 52 patients with non-oncogene driven metastatic NSCLC treated with ICIs. Body tissue composition was calculated by measuring the fat and muscle densities at the level of 3rd lumbar vertebra in each patient computed tomography scan before ICI initiation using sliceOmatic tomovision. We converted the densities to indices [Intramuscular Fat Index (IMFI), Visceral Fat Index (VFI), Subcutaneous Fat Index (SFI), Lumbar Skeletal Muscle Index (LSMI)] by dividing them by height in meters squared. Patients were dichotomized based on their baseline IMFI, VFI and SFI according to their gender-specific median value. The cut-offs that were set for LMSI values were 55 cm2/m2 for males and 39 cm2/m2 for females. SFI distribution was significantly higher (p = 0.040) in responders compared to non-responders. None of the other variables affected response rates. Low LSMI HR: 2.90 (95% CI: 1.261–6.667, p = 0.012) and low SFI: 2.20 (95% CI: 1.114–4.333, p = 0.023) values predicted for inferior OS. VFI and IMFI values did not affect survival. Subcutaneous adipose and skeletal muscle tissue composition significantly affected immunotherapy outcomes in our cohort.
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- Sofou, E, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence of somatic hypermutation in the antigen binding sites of patients with CLL harboring IGHV genes with 100% germline identity
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in oncology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2234-943X. ; 12, s. 1079772-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Classification of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) based on the somatic hypermutation (SHM) status of the clonotypic immunoglobulin heavy variable (IGHV) gene has established predictive and prognostic relevance. The SHM status is assessed based on the number of mutations within the IG heavy variable domain sequence, albeit only over the rearranged IGHV gene excluding the variable heavy complementarity determining region 3 (VH CDR3). This may lead to an underestimation of the actual impact of SHM, in fact overlooking the most critical region for antigen-antibody interactions, i.e. the VH CDR3. Here we investigated whether SHM may be present within the VH CDR3 of cases bearing ‘truly unmutated’ IGHV genes (i.e. 100% germline identity across VH FR1-VH FR3) employing Next Generation Sequencing. We studied 16 patients bearing a ‘truly unmutated’ CLL clone assigned to stereotyped subsets #1 (n=12) and #6 (n=4). We report the existence of SHM within the germline-encoded 3’IGHV, IGHD, 5’IGHJ regions of the VH CDR3 in both the main IGHV-IGHD-IGHJ gene clonotype and its variants. Recurrent somatic mutations were identified between different patients of the same subset, supporting the notion that they represent true mutational events rather than technical artefacts; moreover, they were located adjacent to/within AID hotspots, pointing to SHM as the underlying mechanism. In conclusion, we provide immunogenetic evidence for intra-VH CDR3 variations, attributed to SHM, in CLL patients carrying ‘truly unmutated’ IGHV genes. Although the clinical implications of this observation remain to be defined, our findings offer a new perspective into the immunobiology of CLL, alluding to the operation of VH CDR3-restricted SHM in U-CLL.
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