| 1. |
- Borell, Klas, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
-
Frivilligt socialt arbete i svenska muslimska församlingar : Tradition, organisation, integration.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Socionomens forskningssupplement. - 0283-1929. ; 29:1, s. 34-43
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Svenska muslimska församlingar är inte bara religiösa mötesplatser utan också centra för organiseringen av sociala välfärdsinsatser. I denna studie ges, för första gången i Västeuropa, en riksrepresentativ bild av muslimska församlingars frivilliga sociala arbete men också en analys av den roll sådana insatser spelar ur ett integrationsperspektiv. Bidrar muslimskt socialt arbete till att skapa inåtriktade parallellsamhällen eller bidrar det, tvärtom, till att skapa nya band till det omgivande samhället?
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Borell, Klas, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
-
Hidden Voluntary Social Work : A Nationally Representative Survey of Muslim Congregations in Sweden
- 2011
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Social Work. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0045-3102 .- 1468-263X. ; 41:5, s. 968-974
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study is based on a nationwide survey of local Muslim congregations (n = 105) and focuses on the patterns and function of voluntary social work carried out by the congregations.Muslim congregations in Sweden are not only religious meeting places, but also social meeting places and centres for the organisation of a broad range of social welfare services: outreach activities, support to newly arrived immigrants and activities for children and young people. The work is carried out on a voluntary basis at the intersection between the congregation and the community. Muslim voluntary social work appears to be most intensive in smaller municipalities with a large amount of unemployment. The dominant discourse on Islam in Europe has claimed that Muslim social work is part of an attempt to create self-sufficient enclaves that impede the integration of Muslim immigrants into the wider society. Claims of this type seem, however, to be largely unfounded. The Swedish Muslim congregations that carry out the most voluntary social work are those most interested in co-operation with other organisations and with authorities of different types and those that have the most positive experiences of the wider society.
|
|
| 4. |
- Borell, Klas, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
-
Muslimska församlingar i lokalsamhället : Samverkan eller isolering?
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Socialvetenskaplig tidskrift. - 1104-1420 .- 2003-5624. ; 18:1, s. 42-56
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study is to examine the extent to which Muslim congregations in Sweden cooperate with organizations in the public and voluntary sectors and to identify the internal and external organizational factors that favour or disfavour such cooperation. The study is based on a nationwide survey of local Muslim congregations (n = 105), and is the first survey of its kind in Europe. Like many other voluntary organizations, Muslim congregations work in cooperation with other voluntary organizations, but also with various institutions run by the local authorities. In Sweden, cooperation between different organizations is strongly encouraged, which results in a system that provides the congregations with opportunity structures. Other factors that influence the degree of cooperation include whether the congregation feels support or opposition from the surrounding community and the local demographic and socio-economic situation: there is a higher degree of cooperation in small municipalities with many social problems. Ethnic heterogeneity is one of the major organizational factors that affect the degree of cooperation. congregations that have an open attitude towards different Muslim traditions, which essential for a multiethnic congregation, are also those most interested in cooperation with other organizations and institutions. Irrespective of whether they belong to a national umbrella organization or not, Muslim congregations in Sweden are in priciple independent local organizations. It is therefore difficult for Islam in Sweden to operate on a national level, in the way that other more established voluntary organizations do. On the other hand, this study shows that while they lack a united voice on the national arena, they have the advantage of flexibility arising from their local autonomy.
|
|
| 5. |
- Borell, Klas, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
-
Swedish Muslim Congregations : Summary of a Research Project
- 2011
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Islam is the fastest growing religion in Western Europe today. As a consequence, the emergence and growth of Muslim religious congregations is one of the most important changes that have taken place within the European third (or voluntary) sector in the last 20 years. However, more often than not, these congregations are described as "enclaves" or "integration traps" isolating new citizens from the rest of society, a picture that has remained largely uncontested due to a lack of more extensive research.
|
|
| 6. |
- Ahlgren, Thorbjörn, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
-
Self-rated child maltreatment, behavioural problems, and contacts with welfare and police authorities–longitudinal community data [Barns självrapporterade övergrepp, försummelse och beteendeproblem samt kontakter med anmälningsskyldiga verksamheter – baserat på en longitudinell befolkningsstudie]
- 2021
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Social Work. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1369-1457 .- 1468-2664. ; 24:4, s. 642-656
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines how children report abuse, neglect and behavioural problems and what authorities they claim to have had contact with that are legally mandated to report to the Child Welfare Services, e.g. health services and police. It draws data from a longitudinal research programme, LoRDIA, in which four data collections followed adolescents’ development from 12 to 15 years (n = 1884). A total of 61 indicators of self-reported child abuse, neglect and behavioural problems were constructed to identify children with severe exposure so that each indicator would have prompted referral. The main finding is that 445 (25.3%) of the study population reported severe exposure of this magnitude. Among these self-reported severely exposed children (SSE), boys reported higher rates of child neglect and of overall behavioural problems, specifically criminal and other socially destructive behaviour. Poverty and living in single-parent households significantly increase the risk of abuse, neglect, and behavioural problems. Increased risk of neglect and criminal behaviour were found for children studying Swedish as second language. The SSE children more than other children report contact with all authorities with mandatory reporting. Odds ratios of contact were higher in the case of behavioural problems compared to the odds ratios for abuse and neglect.
|
|
| 7. |
- Ander, Birgitta, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
-
Onset of substance use among early adolescents in Sweden
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Social Work Practice in The Addictions. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1533-256X. ; 20:2, s. 105-121
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Problem: Early onset, prevalence, and predictors of substance use - tobacco, alcohol-drinking, alcohol-drunkenness, and drugs - were studied in 13 and 14-year-old boys and girls in Sweden.Methods: Self-reported data in four communities were used (n = 1,716). A large set of psychological and social factors were tried as predictors of early onset use (n = 1,459).Results: There were few gender differences and low prevalence. Primary predictor for early onset in tobacco use was availability; perceived parental approval for alcohol use, and delinquent behaviors for alcohol-drunkenness and drug use.Conclusions: Individual behavioral factors and parental norms seem to be most important in this age.
|
|
| 8. |
- Ander, Birgitta, 1958-
(författare)
-
Ungdomars berusningsdrickande – Vem, var och med vilka?
- 2018
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this thesis is to investigate adolescent drinking to drunkenness and connected contextual factors. The thesis is based on four studies, addressing different aspects: The first explores arenas of adolescent drunkenness, and the meaning the adolescents attribute to them. The second investigates Swedish adolescents discourse on alcohol and parties, as well as positive and negative effects of alcohol consumption. The third reports on early onset, i.e. before the age of 14, in substance use, including alcohol drinking and drunkenness, and predicts this from various psychological and social factors. The forth examines contexts of drunkenness, i.e. where and with whom 15-year olds in Sweden get drunk. Furthermore, the importance of the place and social context for drunkenness in adolescence, and what importance and strategies young people themselves associate with their alcohol consumption are examined.The studies derive from two data samples. Articles I and II utilise qualitative methods and explore Swedish changing arenas for adolescent drunkenness and adolescent discourse on drunkenness and the importance of place and space. Article I stems from a qualitative interview-material with an ethnographic approach. Twenty-three adolescents (7 females and 16 males) from three small communities in the south of Sweden in the ages of 16 to18 were interviewed. The material also included contacts with outreach social workers on local, regional and national level as well participating observations. The data for Article II stems from the interviews with twenty-three adolescents. Article I was analysed through text-analysis and Article II through thematic analysis.Articles III and IV conduct quantitative analyses, and stems from the multidisciplinary research programme, Longitudinal Research on Development In Adolescence (LoRDIA) which follows adolescents from the age of 12 and 13 until they are 18 years old, focusing on substance use and misuse, health and ill-health, peer relations and school functioning through self-reported questionnaires. Different data collection waves were used, and combined them two and two, for cross-sectional analyses. Article III combined the first two waves and by doing so, covered 91 percent of the study population of 1896 students aged 13-14. Article IV combined all 1355 grade 9 students from waves 3 and 3b. Article III investigated early onset in substance use and was analysed with bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Article IV investigated frequency of drunkenness and different outcomes from drunkenness in different contexts, as well as with whom adolescents got drunk together with and the negative consequences of getting drunk.The result indicates a change from drinking to drunkenness at outdoor places. The outdoor places, both public and hidden, that has been used for adolescents socializing and drinking to drunkenness were empty. Homes, without present adults are the most common places for parties. The parties stand for mainly positive experiences and a break in everyday life. Being in a home arena allows for increased control, both over own drunkenness but also over who is allowed at the party and who is not. The dissertation also investigates early onset in use of alcohol and drunkenness and shows that delinquency, perceived parental permissions and availability of substances are the strongest factors predicting onset among 13-14-year-olds. The dissertation shows that most drunkenness experiences are reported in homes without adults present, not in outdoor and hidden places. Drinking in homes did not lower the association with high frequency of drunkenness, negative consequences or peer problems.The conclusion shows the importance of place and space in understanding adolescent drunkenness and partying.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Aronson, Olov, 1991-
(författare)
-
Understanding the social integration of adolescents of foreign origin : Longitudinal investigations of inter-origin friendship formation
- 2021
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present dissertation aims to understand some of the opportunities for, and influences on, the social integration of adolescents of foreign origin in Sweden. Informed by previous research, the dissertation suggests that successful social integration involves friendship formation between peers of similar origins (intra-origin friendship formation) as well as friendship formation between peers of different origins (inter-origin friendship formation). Social integration can be difficult to achieve in practice because most individuals tend to be homophilic and form intra-origin friendships rather than inter-origin friendships.Four studies based on longitudinal data are presented in the dissertation. The first study seeks to widen the understanding of refugee girls’ friendship formation through a qualitative analysis of interviews with refugee girls. The second study estimates stochastic actor-oriented models to investigate the friendship formation of adolescents with supportive and/or controlling parent-child relationships. The third article presents cross-lagged panel models for the reciprocal longitudinal associations between friendship formation and two forms of leisure: visits to youth centers and participation in structured leisure activities. Finally, the fourth study uses stochastic actor-oriented models to analyze with whom adolescents form friendships when they are involved in different forms of digital leisure, including online communication, video watching, and digital gaming.The refugee girls in the qualitative study stated that they formed close friendships with family members, such as cousins and siblings, rather than with peers of native origin because they experienced the latter as too dissimilar from themselves. The adolescents in the first quantitative study formed relatively more inter-origin friendships when their parents were supportive and fewer inter-origin friendships when their parents were controlling. According to the third study, visits to youth centers were associated with a larger number of intra-origin friendships among adolescents of foreign origin, while participation in structured leisure activities, such as sports and cultural projects, was related to more friendship formation regardless of origin. The fourth study suggested that native adolescents who were involved in digital gaming formed fewer friendships with native peers and had fewer friends outside of the school class, and foreign adolescents who communicated more online formed fewer friendships with native classmates but more friendships outside of the school class.All four studies indicate that the social integration of adolescents of foreign origin is not an automatic process that invariably happens when adolescents of different origins are mixed in the same location. When adolescents organize their own social lives away from the involvement of adults, they seem to remain or become more homophilic and form more friendships with peers of their own origin. By contrast, native and foreign adolescents tend to form more inter-origin friendships when adults provide them with support and structured social activities. In other words, the social integration of foreign adolescents seems to require supportive and committed adults, who contribute to facilitating inter-origin friendship formation.
|
|
| 11. |
- Aronson, Olov, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
-
Youth centers, structured leisure activities, and friends of native and foreign origin : A two-wave longitudinal study
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Leisure Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0022-2216 .- 2159-6417. ; 52:3, s. 265-285
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The social integration of adolescents of foreign origin is of much importance to contemporary Swedish politics, and knowledge is needed about the associations between different forms of leisure and social integration. The present study tests the associations between visits to youth centers and participation in structured leisure activities, on the one hand, and having friends regardless of origin, of native origin, and of foreign origin, on the other. Two-wave longitudinal data from 203 adolescents of foreign origin were collected, including friendship nominations from 1,185 peers. Cross-lagged panel models were constructed, controlling for relevant confounders. Visits to youth centers positively predicted the number of friends of foreign origin, while participation in structured leisure activities positively predicted the number of friends regardless of origin. In conclusion, structured leisure activities appear better than youth centers for promoting the social integration of adolescents of foreign origin into networks of friends of different origins.
|
|
| 12. |
- Berglund, Kristina, 1969, et al.
(författare)
-
Impacts of alcohol consumption by mothers and fathers, parental monitoring, adolescent disclosure and novelty-seeking behaviour on the likelihood of alcohol use and inebriation among adolescents
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Adolescence and Youth. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0267-3843 .- 2164-4527. ; 27:1, s. 582-596
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this prospective cohort study was to examine how alcohol consumption by mothers and fathers, parental monitoring (knowledge, control and solicitation), adolescent disclosure and novelty seeking were associated with the likelihood of alcohol use and inebriation among adolescents in three different age groups (13-14 years, 14-15 years, and 17 years). The results showed that alcohol consumption by parents is of significance for adolescent alcohol consumption (odds ratio mothers: 1.47 [1.17-1.84], odds ratio fathers 1.33 [1.08-1.65]) and inebriation, especially in the 17-year-old age group. The results showed that novelty seeking was a strong risk factor in all three age groups, while parental control and knowledge had no impact. This study shows that parental solicitation increased the odds at age 17 for alcohol consumption (2.64 [1.02-6.83]) and inebriation, while adolescent disclosure decreased the odds (0.18 [0.05-0.68]). In summary, the study shows that parents should be particularly attentive to adolescents with high novelty-seeking behaviour and that parental alcohol consumption influences adolescent alcohol habits.
|
|
| 13. |
- Borell, Klas, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
-
Cooperation or Isolation? Muslim Congregations in a Scandinavian Welfare State: A Nationally Representative Survey from Sweden
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Review of religious research. - : Springer. - 0034-673X .- 2211-4866. ; 55:4, s. 557-571
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the Scandinavian welfare context, the emphasis on cooperation between public authorities and the nonprofit sector continues to be a central institutional characteristic. But to what extent have the new Muslim congregations adapted to the Scandinavian tradition of organizational cooperation, and what circumstances - internal or external to these organizations - promote or disrupt the development of such cooperation? This study is based on a nationwide survey of local Muslim congregations in Sweden (n = 105). No support was found for the widespread notion that European Muslim congregations tend to exist as separate enclaves. The poweful discoursive emphasis on organizational cooperation in Scandinavia creates vital opportunity structures, but local variations in demographic and socioeconomic conditionsalso seems to have an impact. Among internal factors that influence willingness to cooperate is not least the degree of ethnic heterogeneity; openness to different Muslim traditions - a precondition for a multiethnic congregation - is seen to correspond to greater openness to the wider society.
|
|
| 14. |
- Borell, Klas, et al.
(författare)
-
Muslimska församlingar i lokalsamhället : Samverkan eller isolering?
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Socialvetenskaplig tidskrift. - : Socialhögskolan, Lunds universitet. - 1104-1420 .- 2003-5624. ; :1, s. 63-77
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Muslimska församlingars riksomfattande etablering i Sverige är en viktig förändring inom den ideella sektorn. Men hur förhåller sig församlingarna till den svenska traditionen av samverkan mellan ideella och offentliga aktörer? I artikeln studeras hur och i vilken omfattning muslimska församlingar samverkar med offentliga aktörer och vilka organisationsinterna och organisationsexterna faktorer som gynnar respektive missgynnar samverkan.
|
|
| 15. |
- Gerdner, Arne, 1950-
(författare)
-
Assessment instrument for diagnosis of dependence and abuse : Examination of the validity and internal consistence of ADDIS concerning alcohol problems
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - 1455-0725 .- 1458-6126. ; 26:3, s. 265-276
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish National Board on Health and Welfare recommends that structured assessment instruments should be used in medical as well as in social treatment of substance misusers. These should be validated in a Swedish context. Instruments for diagnoses of dependence/abuse (DSM-IV) and dependence/harmful use (ICD-10) have been used in Sweden for many years, although not yet validated in Swedish. ADDIS, the Swedish version of the American SUDDS, is used in four Nordic countries and the most often used diagnostic instrument in Sweden. This article investigates the psychometric properties of ADDIS alcohol module, including discriminant and construct validity and internal consistency. The two main constructs in DSM - dependence and abuse - as well as the seven criteria for dependence and the four criteria for abuse are studied. Further, the value of each of the 44 specific items in ADDIS for capturing these criteria is studied. Two samples are explored: 1) a clinical sample (n = 349; incl. 129 women) and 2) a sample of 400 men convicted for driving while intoxicated. Mean age was the same (41 ys.). Using discriminant analyses on lifetime prevalence, the items correctly classify 94% of the cases in the two samples. Using one-factor principal component analysis to explore homogeneity of the combined samples, all 28 items on dependence and 15 of 18 items on abuse have loadings above 0,40 (R2 dependence = 0,46; abuse = 0,40). Separate analyses of the two samples, as well as on women, show similar results. Cronbach's alpha is excellent for dependence and satisfactory for abuse in all analyses. Analyses of specific criteria show satisfactory results on dependence and acceptable on abuse. Minor revisions are proposed to make ADDIS more user-friendly and to improve some specific items. In conclusion: ADDIS has acceptable to excellent discriminant and construct validity as well as internal consistency and captures the specific criteria of DSM-IV. It has the preconditions for sensitive assessment of alcohol use disorders in men and women.
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Gerdner, Arne, 1950-
(författare)
-
Ethnic categorisation, identity and perceptions of life among Swedish Samis
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Ethnicities. - : Sage Publications. - 1468-7968 .- 1741-2706. ; 21:6, s. 1113-1139
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To what extent do Swedish Samis identify their ethnicity as Sami, Swedish, or both? How do they meet various criteria for being allowed to register as voters to the Sami Parliament? What factors predict ethnicities? These questions are studied in randomised samples from the electoral roll for the Sami Parliament. Applying Berry’s model of acculturation, four types are constructed—separated, assimilated, integrated, and marginalised. The findings show that the integrated represent the great majority of Samis. The two groups who tend to choose one of the identities—Sami or Swedish—represent less than one third when combined and are about equal in size. Those marginalised with weak ethnic identities represent 2%. Although all meet the self-identification criterion of being Sami, few meet each of some ‘objective’ criteria, e.g. being involved in reindeer herding, having Sami as the home language or having parents or grandparents with Sami as the home language. The main predictors of a stronger Sami identity are cultural symbolic behaviours and heredity. The main negative predictor of a stronger Swedish identity among Samis is the use of cultural symbolic behaviours, and the main positive predictor is a positive estimate on the Swedish public opinion’s interest in Samis. The findings are discussed in relation to Sami debates on indigeneity.
|
|
| 18. |
- Gerdner, Arne, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
-
Health and living conditions of Samis compared with other citizens based on representative surveys in three Swedish regions
- 2020
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Social Welfare. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1369-6866 .- 1468-2397. ; 29:3, s. 255-269
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is the first general health survey of Samis compared with other Swedes to be based on randomised samples. In three regions, Samis were compared with respondents to the Public Health Investigation (n = 613 Samis and 6,309 respondents). Samis were also compared as to gender and membership in reindeer‐herding Sami villages (SVs). The survey shows that Samis of today have better education, work situation and health, and a healthier lifestyle than other Swedish citizens living in the same regions. There are, however, great differences among the Samis themselves. Members of SVs have weaker finances, and they report having less societal trust and worse health than non‐members do. Male members have lower education, are less involved in social activities and report worse overall health, but do not have a higher incidence of psychiatric problems, than other Samis. Samis, in general, have similar or better health and social situation than non‐Samis, but male SV‐members face greater problems and higher risks than other Samis.
|
|
| 19. |
- Gerdner, Arne, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
-
Prevalence and comorbidity in a Swedish adolescent community samplegambling, gaming, substance use, and other psychiatric disorders : gambling, gaming, substance use, and other psychiatric disorders
- 2022
-
Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-244X. ; 22:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background This study investigates a broad spectrum of psychiatric disorders, substance use disorders, gambling, and internet gaming disorders in Swedish 18-year-old boys and girls with the aim of estimating the prevalence of disorders and comorbidity. Methods We used a two-phase design with screening to detect candidates for clinical interviews. Screening included 949 adolescents (55.6% girls), out of which 758 adolescents (57.0% girls) were selected for interview with at least one of four instruments: M.I.N.I., ADDIS, NODS and IGDS. Of these, 387 (61.2% girls) were interviewed. Gender separated prevalence was estimated on the assumption that those selected but not interviewed had the same distribution as those interviewed based on similar outcomes above screening cut-offs. Comorbidity between types of disorders was estimated on similar assumptions. In addition, comorbidity between dyads of the ten most common specified disorders was calculated based on recorded data without these assumptions. Results We estimated that 14.6% met the criteria of a substance use disorder (SUD), mostly concerning alcohol and more frequent in girls than in boys. Those meeting the criteria lifetime of at least one of 16 other psychiatric disorders were 26.7%, more than twice as frequent in girls compared to boys, and with depression being the most common disorder. Gambling and gaming disorders were found almost exclusively in boys, of which 5.8% met the criteria for gambling, and 2.3% for gaming disorders. Of girls with a SUD, 40% also had a psychiatric disorder, while on the other hand more than 28% of girls with a psychiatric disorder also had a SUD. In boys with a SUD, 22% had another psychiatric disorder, while 15% of those with a psychiatric disorder also had a SUD. Conclusions Psychiatric comorbidity is common in SUDs in adolescents, which calls for screening and diagnostic efforts in young patients presenting with symptoms of SUDs. Girls with SUDs are at higher risk of also suffering from psychiatric conditions. Gambling and gaming disorders appear in a substantial minority of adolescents and warrant further study of their comorbidity. Since prevalences and comorbidity were estimated on the assumptions mentioned, some caution in interpreting the results is needed.
|
|
| 20. |
- Gerdner, Arne, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
-
Validation of MAP-NET-A network analysis tool
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Cogent Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2331-1908. ; 5:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- MAP-NET (Measure and Analysis of Personal NETwork) is a computerised instrument for assessment of the personal networks of persons with substance use disorders and related problems, with information on individual, relational and structural levels, designed to give immediate feedback to be used in clinical interviews, and to provide relevant measures for research. The study investigates its validity and reliability, by using a combination of validation strategies including factor analysis and internal consistency of scales, convergent and predictive validity, sensitivity to social desirability and agreement with collateral interviews. The scales demonstrate satisfactory construct validity and acceptable to excellent internal consistency and convergent and predictive validity with relevant other scales. There is low sensitivity to social desirability and other bias. There is substantial agreement with collateral interviews on the most sensitive variables. Thus, MAP-NET has the qualities needed for clinical use and research.
|
|
| 21. |
- Gerdner, Arne, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
-
Översikt om tvångsvård vid missbruk – effekt och kvalitet.
- 2009
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tvångslagstiftning som möjliggör vård av vuxna personer med tungt missbruk är vanligt internationellt. I en studie av 24 europeiska länder hade 21 en sådan lagstiftning år 1999 och 19 år 2009. En begränsad litteratur finns internationellt och nationellt vad gäller randomiserat kontrollerade studier och kvasiexperimentella studier om effekt av socialt tvång. Dessutom finns ett antal förloppsstudier. Baserat på dessa studier är det möjligt att dra följande slutsatser. Tvångsvård där samtycke om frivillig vård ej finns ökar förutsättningarna för att vård skall komma till stånd och förbättrar fullföljandet av vården. Tvångsföreskrift kan också öka fullföljande av eftervård. Utfall av vård och eftervård som ges med tvångsföreskrift är lika bra eller bättre än utfall av motsvarande frivillig vård för motsvarande patientgrupper. Personernas problemnivå samt vårdens och eftervårdens innehåll och omfattning är avgörande för resultaten i tvångsvård, precis som i frivillig vård. Strukturerade behandlingsmetoder som i frivillig vård visat sig ge vara effektiva, kan användas även inom tvångsvården. Initiativ till utbildningar har tagits under senare år och det är viktigt att studera implementeringen av dem. Vårdens kvalitet är också av stor betydelse för att minska de negativa upplevelserna av tvånget som förekommer hos de flesta intagna. Denna upplevelse kan vara starkare och mer långvarig än hos dem som vårdas enligt psykiatrisk tvångslag. Flera stora projekt har de senaste åren inriktats på en förbättrad integrering av initial institutionsvård och strukturerad eftervård. Resultaten är lovande men ännu ej konklusiva. Studierna visar positiva behandlingsresultat. ESS-projektet är en randomiserad studie vilket ökar möjligheterna till slutsatser. Vårdkedjeprojektet och Ett kontrakt för livet är andra omfattande men ej randomiserade projekt med betoning på eftervården
|
|
| 22. |
- Israelsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
-
Compulsory Commitment to Care of Substance Misusers : A Worldwide Comparative Analysis of the Legislation
- 2010
-
Ingår i: The Open Addiction Journal. - 1874-9410. ; 3:1, s. 117-130
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores the worldwide use of compulsory commitment to care (CCC) at the end of the 20th century and evaluates the implementation of WHO recommendations since the 1960s. Based on three WHO reports, the legislation of 90 countries and territories are analyzed, and types as well as predictors of such legislation are analyzed in multivariate models from country characteristics. Laws on CCC for alcohol and drug misusers are common all over the world; more than 80 percent of the countries and territories studied have such laws. The majority use civil commitment – acute or rehabilitative – in accordance with welfare logic, while a large minority still uses commitment under criminal law, based on a moral logic. Civil CCC is positively related to strong economies or having been part of the Soviet legal system. CCC under criminal law is negatively related to the same factors.
|
|
| 23. |
- Kalin, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
-
How do child welfare referrals in Sweden match children's self-reporting of severe exposure?
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Child & Family Social Work. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1356-7500 .- 1365-2206. ; 27:2, s. 100-111
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Child welfare services (CWS) rely on referrals from professionals and civilians to address maltreatment and behavioural problems. To our knowledge, no prior study explored to what extent children who self-reported severe exposure to maltreatment or behavioural problems are referred to the CWS. This study is based on two data sets on a Swedish community sample of 1884 children: (i) self-reports in four waves during adolescence, including indicators of severe exposure, and (ii) a retrospective systematic review of all children's CWS records at age 18. According to self-reports, 445 matched one or more indicators of severe exposure. In total, 389 children of the total sample were referred, but only 169 of the self-reported severely exposed. Severely exposed children were more likely to be referred than other children, adjusting for several background factors. Children who did not experience severe exposure but lived in single-parent families, teenage parent families, poor families or immigrant families were more likely to be referred to CWS than other children. The findings are discussed from a children's rights perspective and inequity in relation to social work practice. In conclusion, although the referral rates are high, many children who are severely exposed to child maltreatment and behavioural problems remain undetected.
|
|
| 24. |
- Kalin, Torbjörn
(författare)
-
Om upptäckt och sortering till social barnavård : Longitudinella perspektiv på barn som far allvarligt illa
- 2024
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Att upptäcka barn som far illa är en uppgift för samhället. Merparten av världens länder har genom Barnkonventionen förbundit sig att ha effektiva system för att upptäcka barn som far illa. Det svenska systemet innebär att verksamheter som möter barn och föräldrar har en skyldighet att anmäla misstankar om barn som far illa till den sociala barnavården. Allmänheten uppmanas också att anmäla, och barn och familjer kan själva ansöka om stöd. Ambitionen bakom systemet är att de barn som är i störst behov av stöd och skydd ska upptäckas. Tidigare forskning har visat påtagliga skillnader i fråga om vilka barn som blir föremål för aktualiseringar och utredningar hos den sociala barnavården. Däremot saknas kunskap om skillnaderna kan förklaras utifrån skilda behov eller utifrån skilda föreställningar om behov, så kallad bias. Vidare saknas kunskap om det är samma barn som upplever sig fara illa som också aktualiseras och utreds.Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen är att öka kunskapen om barn som far allvarligt illa, samt om dessa barn upptäcks och sorteras vidare till social barnavård. Fokus ligger på två områden. Dels vad som utmärker barn som far allvarligt illa, dels vad som bidrar till sorteringen av dessa barn, när de aktualiseras samt när de bedöms vara i behov av vidare utredning inom den sociala barnavården.Avhandlingen består av fyra empiriska studier baserade på data från det longitudinella forskningsprogrammet Longitudinal Research on Development to Young Adults (LoRDYA) som utgår från 1884 barn. Dessa rekryterades år 2013, vid 12 och 13 års ålder, i fyra små- och medelstora kommuner i Sverige. Metodologiskt tillämpas olika analytiska ansatser, såväl variabelcentrerade metoder som personcentrerade metoder. Genomgående används olika former av regressionsanalyser för att undersöka det unika bidraget av varje faktor kontrollerat för övriga faktorer.Resultaten visar att drygt vart fjärde barn någon gång under tonårstiden har självskattade tecken på att fara allvarligt illa. Detta trots att en mycket strikt definition av att fara allvarligt illa tillämpades. Barn med självskattade tecken på att fara allvarligt illa har mer kontakt med vanliga aktualiseringskällor, exempelvis polis, hälso- och sjukvård och elevhälsa, på grund av svårigheter än vad andra barn har. Drygt en femtedel av alla barn blir någon gång under tonårstiden aktualiserade till den sociala barnavården, men mindre än hälften av dessa aktualiserade har självskattade tecken på att fara allvarligt illa. Skillnaderna i vilka som blir aktualiserade kan främst förklaras av familjeförhållanden, där de förhållanden som utmärker sig är att ha en ensamstående förälder och att familjen lever i fattigdom. När aktualiseringar bedöms hos den sociala barnavården sorteras drygt en tredjedel av alla aktualiserade barn med självskattade tecken på att fara allvarligt illa ut. Flickors aktualiseringar blir i större utsträckning föremål för utredning än pojkars aktualiseringar. Sannolikheten för utredning ökar för flickors aktualiseringar om de har självskattade tecken på att fara allvarligt illa eller lever i fattigdom. När aktualiseringar handlar om pojkar minskar sannolikheten för utredning ju äldre pojken är eller om aktualiseringsskälen gäller beteendeproblem i kombination med försummelse. Tidigare aktualiseringar ökar utredningsbenägenheten i störst utsträckning oberoende av kön.Fynden diskuteras utifrån avhandlingens teoretiska ramverk. Slutsatsen är att systemet för att upptäcka barn som far illa har låg sensitivitet, eftersom många barn som far allvarligt illa sorteras ut. Systemet verkar därtill ha låg specificitet eftersom att leva med en ensamstående förälder eller ha knappa ekonomiska förhållanden verkar tolkas som faktiska indikatorer på att barnen far allvarligt illa, snarare än riskfaktorer, medan frånvaron av dessa förhållanden tvärtom tolkas som att barn inte far illa.
|
|
| 25. |
- Kapetanovic, Sabina, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Aspects of the Parent–Adolescent Relationship and Associations With Adolescent Risk Behaviors Over Time
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of family psychology. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0893-3200 .- 1939-1293. ; 33:1, s. 1-11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parents' actions and knowledge of adolescents' whereabouts play key roles in preventing risk behaviors in early adolescence, but what enables parents to know about their adolescents' activities and what links there are to adolescent risk behaviors, such as substance use and delinquent behavior, remain unclear. In this study,we investigated whether different aspects of the parent–adolescent relationship predict parental knowledge, and we examined the direct and indirect longitudinal associations between these aspects of the parent–dolescent relationship and adolescents' self-reported delinquent behavior and substance use. The participants were 550 parents and their adolescent children from two small and two midsized municipalities in Sweden. Parental data were collected when the adolescents were 13 years old (mean), and adolescent data on riskbehaviors were collected on two occasions, when they were 13 and 14 years of age (mean). Structural path analyses revealed that adolescent disclosure, parental solicitation, and parental control predicted parental knowledge, with adolescent disclosure being the strongest source of parental knowledge and the strongest negative predictor of adolescent risk behaviors. Parenting competence and adolescents' connectedness to parents were indirectly, through adolescent disclosure and parental solicitation and parental control, associated with substance use and delinquent behavior. Some paths differed for boys and girls. In conclusion, confident parenting and a close parent–adolescent relationship in which adolescent disclosure is promoted, seem protective of adolescent engagement in risk behaviors
|
|
