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- Vorobjova, T, et al.
(författare)
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Serum antibodies to enterohepatic Helicobacter spp. in patients with chronic liver diseases and in a population with high prevalence of H-pylori infection
- 2006
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Ingår i: Digestive and Liver Disease. - : Elsevier BV. - 1590-8658. ; 38:3, s. 171-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Enteric Helicobacter species might be a risk factor for chronic liver and biliary tract diseases. Aims. To analyse serum antibody levels to three enteric Helicobacter species in patients with various biliary tract and chronic liver diseases and compare results with corresponding parameters for an adult population group, known to have a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection, and with healthy blood donors, to explore a possible association of enteric Helicobacter with chronic liver diseases. Subjects. Sera of 90 patients with various chronic liver diseases, 121 Estonian adult persons and 68 blood donors were analysed. Methods. Sera, previously tested for H. pylori were analysed for IgG to Helicobacter hepaticus, Helicobacter bilis and Helicobacter pullorum. ELISA was initially used for screening and exclusion of negative cases. Sera with positive ELISA results were further analysed by immunoblot. To remove cross-reactive antibodies between H. pylori and the enteric species, sera were pre-absorbed with lysed H. pylori cells. Results. Liver patients showed a significantly higher seroprevalence to H. hepaticus and H. bilis, compared with the adult population group (p = 0.0001 and 0.04, respectively), and to H. hepaticus, compared with blood donors (p = 0.01). Patients with autoimmune hepatitis showed no significant antibody reactivity to the enteric Helicobacter spp. in contrast to patients with other chronic liver diseases. Conclusion. Patients with chronic liver diseases, except autoimmune hepatitis patients, showed increased antibody levels to H. bilis/H. hepaticus compared with the population and blood donors indicating a possible role of enteric Helicobacter in the natural course of chronic liver diseases. Immunoblot seems to be a promising method for serodiagnosis of infections with these fastidious pathogens. (C) 2005 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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- Garmestani, A., et al.
(författare)
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Panarchy : opportunities and challenges for ecosystem management
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. - : Wiley. - 1540-9295 .- 1540-9309. ; 18:10, s. 576-583
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Addressing unexpected events and uncertainty represents one of the grand challenges of the Anthropocene, yet ecosystem management is constrained by existing policy and laws that were not formulated to deal with today's accelerating rates of environmental change. In many cases, managing for simple regulatory standards has resulted in adverse outcomes, necessitating innovative approaches for dealing with complex social–ecological problems. We highlight a project in the US Great Plains where panarchy – a conceptual framework that emerged from resilience – was implemented at project onset to address the continued inability to halt large‐scale transition from grass‐to‐tree dominance in central North America. We review how panarchy was applied, the initial outcomes and evidence for policy reform, and the opportunities and challenges for which it could serve as a useful model to contrast with traditional ecosystem management approaches.
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- Barbateskovic, Marija, et al.
(författare)
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A new tool to assess Clinical Diversity In Meta-analyses (CDIM) of interventions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0895-4356 .- 1878-5921. ; 135, s. 29-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To develop and validate Clinical Diversity In Meta-analyses (CDIM), a new tool for assessing clinical diversity between trials in meta-analyses of interventions. Study design and setting: The development of CDIM was based on consensus work informed by empirical literature and expertise. We drafted the CDIM tool, refined it, and validated CDIM for interrater scale reliability and agreement in three groups. Results: CDIM measures clinical diversity on a scale that includes four domains with 11 items overall: setting (time of conduct/country development status/units type); population (age, sex, patient inclusion criteria/baseline disease severity, comorbidities); interventions (intervention intensity/strength/duration of intervention, timing, control intervention, cointerventions); and outcome (definition of outcome, timing of outcome assessment). The CDIM is completed in two steps: first two authors independently assess clinical diversity in the four domains. Second, after agreeing upon scores of individual items a consensus score is achieved. Interrater scale reliability and agreement ranged from moderate to almost perfect depending on the type of raters. Conclusion: CDIM is the first tool developed for assessing clinical diversity in meta-analyses of interventions. We found CDIM to be a reliable tool for assessing clinical diversity among trials in meta-analysis.
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- Hamlett, Eric D., et al.
(författare)
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Neuronal exosomes reveal Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in Down syndrome
- 2017
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's & Dementia. - : Elsevier. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 13:5, s. 541-549
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology and dementia early in life. Blood biomarkers of AD neuropathology would be valuable, as non-AD intellectual disabilities of DS and AD dementia overlap clinically. We hypothesized that elevations of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and phosphorylated-tau in neuronal exosomes may document preclinical AD.METHODS: AD neuropathogenic proteins Aβ1-42, P-T181-tau, and P-S396-tau were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in extracts of neuronal exosomes purified from blood of individuals with DS and age-matched controls.RESULTS: Neuronal exosome levels of Aβ1-42, P-T181-tau, and P-S396-tau were significantly elevated in individuals with DS compared with age-matched controls at all ages beginning in childhood. No significant gender differences were observed.DISCUSSION: These early increases in Aβ1-42, P-T181-tau, and P-S396-tau in individuals with DS may provide a basis for early intervention as targeted treatments become available.
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| 18. |
- Hedbäck, Gunilla, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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The epidemiology of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in Sweden 1987-96.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Archives of disease in childhood. - : BMJ. - 1468-2044 .- 0003-9888. ; 85:5, s. 379-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To find out whether the incidence of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) has changed over the past decade, and if so, to investigate possible contributory factors.All infants undergoing pyloromyotomy for IHPS in Sweden between 1987 and 1996 were studied. Using the national patient registers the yearly incidence was determined and evaluated in relation to sex, latitude, urbanisation, and type of surroundings by use of a Poisson model.There was a substantial decline from 2.7/1000 to 0.85/1000 over the time period. The incidence in the south was almost three times greater than in the north.The declining incidence and geographical difference suggest that environmental factors are of importance in this disorder.
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- Kollin, C, et al.
(författare)
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Growth of spontaneously descended and surgically treated testes during early childhood
- 2013
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Ingår i: Pediatrics. - : American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). - 1098-4275 .- 0031-4005. ; 131:4, s. E1174-E1180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate whether in congenital unilateral cryptorchidism the growth of a spontaneously descended testis is normal, compared with the contralateral scrotal testis or similar to the growth of testes that failed to descend spontaneously and later underwent orchidopexy.METHODS:Ninety-one boys with congenital unilateral cryptorchidism with later spontaneous descent of the initially retained testis were followed from birth (0–3 weeks) up to 5 years of age and compared with boys randomized to surgery at either 9 months (n = 78) or 3 years (n = 85) of age. Testicular volume was determined with ultrasonography.RESULTS:Eighty-two percent of spontaneous descent occurred before 2 months of age. Twenty-two percent of these descended testes were later again found in a retained position. The spontaneously descended testis was smaller than its scrotal counterpart at all ages (P < .001). We also showed a significant difference in the testicular volume between the early and late treated boys from age 2 years and onward. At 2, 4, and 5 years of age, the volumes of the spontaneously descended testes were significantly larger than those of boys operated on at 3 years but similar to those operated on at 9 months.CONCLUSIONS:We have shown that in boys with congenital unilateral cryptorchidism with later spontaneous descent, the originally retained testes show impaired growth compared with its scrotal counterpart from birth and onwards. Also, they are prone to later ascent to a retained position. Furthermore, the longer testes remain untreated the more they exhibit impaired growth.
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