| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Granlund, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of a GPS on Learning with regards to Performance and Communication in Municipal Crisis Response
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Applications and Services, Part IV. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642216565 - 9783642216572 ; , s. 215-224
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the basic learning aspects of crises management training in a computer simulated environment. A total of 108 professionals, 18 teams, contributed to the study where the impact of a GPS on C2 work was investigated. A comparison between professional groups on performance and learning show that the GPS has an impact that differed depending on the teams professional composition.
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| 3. |
- Granlund, Rego, et al.
(författare)
-
Differences between Students and Professionals while using a GPS Based GIS in an Emergency Response Study
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642217401 - 9783642217418 ; , s. 374-383
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the results and differences between students and professionals who used a GPS based GIS as a collaborative tool in an experimental emergency response study. A total of 132 students, forming 22 groups and 108 professionals forming 18 groups were tested. Differences in both performance and behaviors between the groups have been identified. In the discussion we reflect on the importance to be aware of the participants’ background and behaviors while selecting the participants in an experimental study.
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| 4. |
- Granlund, Rego, et al.
(författare)
-
The Effect of a Geographical Information System on Communication in Professional Emergency Response Organizations
- 2010
-
Ingår i: ISCRAM<em> </em>2010, 7th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. - : ISCRAM.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the basic communication analysis performed in a research project with an ambition to investigate the impact of geographical information system (GIS) on crisis management organizations. The goal is to compare the communication between command and control teams that have access to a GIS with geographical position information (GPS) capability in its command post with teams that only have access to paper maps. The method used is controlled experiments using the C3Fire micro-world. A total of 108 professionals, forming 18 teams, participated in the study. The participating professionals were members of Swedish municipal crisis management organizations. The result shows that the communication pattern connected to giving orders have a different distribution depending on if the teams used GIS or paper maps. The result also shows that the communication volume is reduced if the teams use GIS.
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| 5. |
- Trnka, Jiri, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Using Low-Fidelity Simulations to Support Design of Decision-Support Systems for Command and Control Applications
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Distributed Multimedia Systems,2008. - Skokie, IL, USA : Knowledge Systems Institute. ; , s. 158-
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modern decision-support systems for command and control may lead to radical organizational and technological changes. This paper describes a methodology to support designers and developers of such system in order to identify this type of changes in the design process. The methodology is based on a shorter series of low-fidelity simulations. The analyses do not focus on individual actions of the decision-support system operators, but instead on impacts of the systems on situated and joint actions of the command and control teams in terms of communication and coordination. The simulation series presented in the paper shows how the use of a decision-support system combining real-time data from various sensors led to changes in the content and structure of the communication as well as the resource coordination. Findings from the discussed simulations suggest that more attention should be given to possible impacts of decision-support systems on the joint actions of the command and control teams, as well as how these teams- actions are situated within the larger command and control system.
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| 6. |
- Andersson Granberg, Tobias, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Dynamisk planering av räddningstjänst
- 2014
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Dynamisk planering innebär bland annat att brandmännen delar in sig i mindre grupper än traditionellt. Dessa kan då arbeta förebyggande med utbildning eller placeras strategiskt till exempel i närheten av olycksdrabbade vägsträckor, för att snabbare kunna nå fram till en olycksplats. Då en olycka inträffar larmas de brandmän som snabbast kan nå fram, och det kan vara nödvändigt att larma flera olika grupper.En utmaning vid dynamisk planering är att planeringssituationen blir svårare. Det är inte längre självklart vilka brandmän som ska larmas till en viss olycka. Det kan också vara svårt att hitta de bästa placeringarna för brandmän som snabbt ska kunna göra en insats.I projektet har vi utvecklat och utvärderat datorbaserade verktyg som kan stödja dynamisk planering av räddningstjänst.Bland verktygen finns en beredskapskalkylator med tillhörande visualisering, vilken beräknar beredskapen som en funktion av tiden det tar för de nödvändiga resurserna att nå fram till en viss typ av olycka och sannolikheten för att olyckan ska inträffa i närområdet. Ett annat verktyg kan ge förslag på vilka resurser som bör skickas till en olycksplats för att de ska komma fram så fort som möjligt. Ett tredje verktyg kan ge förslag på hur fordon och personal dynamiskt bör placeras för att beredskapen ska förbättras, dvs. de ska kunna nå fram så fort som möjligt till de platser där det är störst sannolikhet att en olycka kommer att inträffa.Verktygen har utvärderats genom två experimentserier. I experimenten testades mänskligt beslutsfattande i en simulerad räddningstjänstmiljö. I den första serien fick personal från olika räddningstjänster prova på dynamisk planering utan hjälp av de datorbaserade verktygen. I den andra serien fick andra räddningstjänster köra samma scenarier, men då ta hjälp av de i projektet utvecklade verktygen.Resultaten visar att verktygen kan hjälpa räddningstjänsten med planeringen av beredskapen, men också att det finns risk att detta sker på bekostnad av att planeringen tar något längre tid. En tydlig majoritet av de deltagande räddningstjänstbefälen var positivt inställda till de utvecklade verktygen och tyckte verktyg av detta slag skulle kunna hjälpa dem i det dagliga arbetet.Resultaten tydliggör också att olika personer – till och med nära kollegor inom samma räddningstjänst – uppfattar begreppet beredskap på olika sätt. Det visade sig dock att beredskapsvisualiseringen kan bidra till att denna skillnad i uppfattning minskar; i den andra experimentserien, där de hade tillgång till detta verktyg, minskade variationerna i bedömningarna och deltagarnas uppfattningar stämde bättre överens med den beräknade beredskapen.
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| 7. |
- Andersson Granberg, Tobias, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Supporting dispatch decisions for the fire and rescue services
- 2015
-
Ingår i: 2015 IEEE 18th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781467365956 ; , s. 2562-2567
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decision support tools for efficient dispatching of fire and rescue resources are developed and evaluated. The tools can give suggestions about which resources to dispatch to new accidents, and help the decision makers in evaluating the current preparedness for handling future accidents. The tools are evaluated using simulation game based experiments, with players from the fire and rescue services. The results indicate that the tools can help the fire and rescue services in identifying the closest resources to new accidents, and to select resources that preserve the preparedness in the area. However, the results also indicate that there is a risk that the tools increase the decision time.
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| 8. |
- Artman, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Team Situation Awareness Using Graphical or Textual Databases in Dynamic Decision Making.
- 1998
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this experiment we explore the effects of using a graphical and textual database for sharing information within a team that are to control a dynamic system. The task involves fighting a simulated fire. Four people are to co-operate in a layered organisation, with one layer being the operative and the second layer the supervisory. The operative layer involves two fire chiefs who are commanding two fire units each. The supervisory unit consists of two persons that are to co-ordinate the fire chiefs. The supervisory unit receives all information from the fire chiefs but has to construct an overall picture, a socalled situation awareness, of the development of the whole area. The supervisory unit constructs this situation awareness which is meant to be supported by the graphical and textual databases respectively. We hypothesised that the graphical condition would be more successful than the textual database in registering the current situation, since the graphical database allows direct mapping. On the other hand, we hypothesised that the textual condition might be better in supporting the future planning and prediction of system dynamics. We analyse 18 quartets, 72 subjects by both performance measures and a questionnaire. There were no significant performance differences between conditions, but there is a major learning effect, especially for the textual condition. In accordance with our hypothesis we found that participants in the graphical condition did better mapping the map with the ”real” world, at least in the first session. More successful groups worked more ahead of the fire than did less successful groups. From the questionnaire it seems that the subjects learn more about co-ordination and trusting their fellow team members than about the internal dynamics of the simulated fire. In fact, the teams learn things about system dynamics that are wrong. We therefore suggest that team SA might be more of a co-ordination problem than a problem of acquiring knowledge about system dynamics.
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| 9. |
- Artman, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Team situation awareness using graphical or textual databases in dynamic decision making
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this experiment we explore the effects of using a graphical and textual database for sharing information within a team that are to control a dynamic system. The task involves fighting a simulated fire. Four people are to cooperate in a layered organisation, with one layer being the operative and the second layer the supervisory. The operative layer involves two fire chiefswho are commanding two fire units each. The supervisory unit consists of two persons that are to co-ordinate the fire chiefs. The supervisory unit receives all information from the fire chiefs but has to construct an overall picture, a so-called situation awareness, of the development of the whole area. The supervisory unit constructs this situation awareness which is meant to be supported by the graphical and textual databases respectively. We hypothesised that the graphical condition would be more successful than the textual database in registering the current situation, since the graphical database allows direct mapping. On the other hand, we hypothesised that the textual condition might be better in supporting the future planning and prediction of system dynamics. We analyse 18 quartets, 72 subjects by both performance measures and a questionnaire. There were no significant performance differences between conditions, but there is a major learning effect, especially for the textual condition. In accordance with our hypothesis we found that participants in the graphical condition did better mapping the map with the "real" world, at least in the first session. More successful groups worked more ahead of the fire than did less successful groups. From the questionnaire it seems that the subjects learn more about co-ordination and trusting their fellow team members than about the internal dynamics of the simulated fire. In fact, the teams learn things about system dynamics that are wrong. We therefore suggest that team SA might be more of a co-ordination problem than a problem of acquiring knowledge about system dynamics.
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| 10. |
- Baroutsi, Nicoletta, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessing development of team training
- 2014
-
Ingår i: ISCRAM 2014 Conference Proceedings. Book of Papers. - : The Pennsylvania State University, USA. - 9780692211946
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Bjurling, Oscar, et al.
(författare)
-
Drone Swarms in Forest Firefighting : A Local Development Case Study of Multi-Level Human-Swarm Interaction
- 2020
-
Ingår i: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery. - 9781450375795
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Swarms of autonomous and coordinating Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are rapidly being developed to enable simultaneous control of multiple UAVs. In the field of Human-Swarm Interaction (HSI), researchers develop and study swarm algorithms and various means of control and evaluate their cognitive and task performance. There is, however, a lack of research describing how UAV swarms will fit into future real-world domain contexts. To remedy this, this paper describes a case study conducted within the community of firefighters, more precisely two Swedish fire departments that regularly deploy UAVs in fire responses. Based on an initial description of how their UAVs are used in a forest firefighting context, participating UAV operators and unit commanders envisioned a scenario that showed how the swarm and its capabilities could be utilized given the constraints and requirements of a forest firefighting mission. Based on this swarm scenario description we developed a swarm interaction model that describes how the operators' interaction traverses multiple levels ranging from the entire swarm, via subswarms and individual UAVs, to specific sensors and equipment carried by the UAVs. The results suggest that human-in-the-loop simulation studies need to enable interaction across multiple swarm levels as this interaction may exert additional cognitive strain on the human operator.
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| 13. |
- Brynielsson, Joel, et al.
(författare)
-
Assistance in Decision Making : Decision Help and Decision Analysis
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Proceedings Sixth International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decision help and decision analysis are tools that will be of importance indecision support systems. They are likely to exist both in real operationalsystems and in simulation based systems used for training. In command andcontrol an example of a decision task is to command units in a geographicalenvironment. We have taken a closer look at this type of decision task, usinga simulated microworld as a research tool. In particular we are interested inthe case when the decision maker already has selected a course of action,but wants to have critique and suggestions of improvements. To analyze adecision where the “main direction” is already known in this way we denotedecision analysis, as opposed to decision help.An algorithm for decision analysis in maps has been developed. Thisalgorithm is based on rules. An implementation in Java with classes suitedfor reuse has been developed. The implementation has been tested in a microworldsystem, C3FIRE, suited for practice in forest fire fighting.
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| 14. |
- Granlund, Rego, et al.
(författare)
-
Beskrivning av räddningstjänstens förmåga
- 2013
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Som en del i tillsynsmyndigheternas uppgift ingår att bedöma kommunernas förmåga att genomföra räddningsinsatser. För att kunna göra sådana bedömningar behövs metoder och verktyg som ger ett konkret bedömningsunderlag för att avgöra om en kommuns organisation för räddningsinsatser har en förmåga som bidrar tills ett likvärdigt skydd i tillräcklig omfattning. I Sverige finns det kommuner och räddningstjänstförbund som har påbörjat sådana beskrivningar och i några fall kommit relativt långt i utvecklingen. På Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap (MSB) har en vidare enkel programteori har tagits fram för att sätta förmågan att genomföra räddningsinsatser i ett sammanhang där förmågan till räddningsinsats är en av flera delar av kommunens totala skydd Man har här valt att dela in begreppet ”förmåga” i tre faktorer: tid till insats, arbetsuppgifter och uthållighet och sedan utveckla dem för att utveckla en metod att bedöma förmågan att genomföra räddningsinsatser.Internationellt finns vissa motsvarande projekt och beskrivningar tillgängliga. Dessa har dock inte systematiskt dokumenterats och utvärderats för att utgöra en grund på vilken framtidens bedömningar av kommunernas förmåga till räddningsinsats kan vila. Det finns med andra ord ett behov att ta fram ett koncept eller modell att använda vid bedömning kommunernas förmåga att genomföra räddningsinsatser, baserad i tidigare erfarenhet. Denna studie är en första ansats till sådant koncept då den identifierar och beskriver faktorn ”Arbetsuppgift” i med exempel från Danmark, Island, England, Australien, Nya Zeeland och USA.Studien har genomförts som en dokumentstudie där de aktuella exemplen valts ur ett större urval dels på MSB inrådan, dels då de uppfyller en eller flera identifierade kriterier på en ”god beskrivning”: scenario, statisk, process- roll- och/eller tjänstebeskrivning. Huvudexemplen innefattar riskbaserad design/statistik (Danmark), Fire Brigade Intervention Model och Fire Engineering Analysis (Australien och Nya Zeeland), Rolemaps och National Occupation Standard (UK) samt National Fire Protection Association’s standard (USA). Dessa beskrivs detaljerat. En övergripande analys diskuterar respektive exempels ev för- och nackdelar samt tillämpningsområden samt föreslår fortsatt arbete för att anpassa en eller (kombinationer av) flera modeller till svenska förhållanden.Målet för studien är ett underlag för vidare utveckling av metoder och verktyg för MSB:s tillsynsenhet och länsstyrelserna för att beskriva och mäta faktorn Arbetsuppgifter för kommunernas organisationer för att genomföra räddningsinsatser i Sverige. Arbetet ska i ett vidare sammanhang även ses som ett första steg i att ta fram metoder och verktyg för att utvärdera räddningstjänsternas övergripande förmåga som sådan.
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| 15. |
- Granlund, Rego, 1964-
(författare)
-
C³Fire : a microworld supporting emergency management training
- 1997
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective of this work has been to study how to support emergency management training using computer simulations. The work has focused on team decision making and the training of situation assessment in a tactical reasoning process. The underlying assumption is that computer simulations in decision-making training systems should contain pedagogical strategies. Our investigations started with empirical studies of an existing system for training infantry battalion staffs. In order to promote controlled studies in the area, we developed a microworld simulation system, C3Fire. By using a microworld, we can model important characteristics of the real world and create a small and well-controlled simulation system that retains these characteristics. With a microworld training system, we can create similar cognitive tasks to those people normally encounter in real-life systems. Our experimental use of C3Fire focuses on the problem of generating an information flow that will support training in situation assessment. Generated messages should contain information about the simulated world that will build up the trainees' mental pictures of the encountered situations. The behaviour of the C3Fire microworld was examined in an experimental study with 15 groups of subjects. The aim of the system evaluation of C3Fire was mainly to study the information flow from the computer simulation through the training organisation, involving role-playing training assistants, to the trained staff. The training domain, which is the co-ordination of forest fire fighting units, has been chosen to demonstrate principles rather than for its own sake.
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| 16. |
- Granlund, Rego, et al.
(författare)
-
C3Fire : a microworld for collaboration training in the ROLF environment
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Proceedings to the 42nd Conference on Simulation and Moddeling, Simutalion in Theory and Practice, SIMS 2001.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In development of future control systems, the problem of validating design decisions has been recognised. It has been proposed that the use of simulations can bridge the gap between the more ecologically valid field studies and strictly experimental studies in developmental research. Currently, a project aimed at designing and evaluating a new command and control environment is being conducted at the Swedish National Defence College (SwNDC). Novel artefacts and concepts aimed at supporting command and control has been developed and must now be tested. For this purpose, as specialised version of the C3Fire micro-world has been developed. This paper describes the C3Fire micro-world and the properties that make it possible to use the micro-world in the examination of networked command and control concepts in the ROLF environment.
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| 17. |
- Granlund, Rego, et al.
(författare)
-
Designing web-based simulation for learning
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Future Generation Computer Systems. - 0167-739X .- 1872-7115. ; 17:2, s. 171-185
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Web-based simulation can be a powerful tool in education and training. The nature of simulation-based learning combined with the availability of the web make learning supported by web-based simulation a powerful strategy. In simulation-based learning, learners can experience environments that would be too costly, time-consuming, complex or dangerous to provide through other means. This article discusses some basic properties of learning using web-based simulation with the focus on different types of learning goals (instructional goals) and on proper instructional strategies (pedagogical strategies) for web-based simulation. We exemplify the classifications discussed with three web-based systems, developed by the authors, that represent different types of web-based simulation. Chernobyl — a nuclear power plant simulation. C3Fire — a micro-world supporting command and control training. ERCIS — a group distance-exercise system supporting equipment handling, action-protocol performance and group interaction.
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| 18. |
- Granlund, Rego, et al.
(författare)
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Exploration of methodological issues in micro-world research : experiences from research in team decision making
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Proceedings to Cognitive Research With Microworlds CRWM 2001.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses methodological issues of micro-world research within the domain of dynamic decision-making. Using the C3Fire micro-world as an example, several studies are presented and discussed. It is concluded that there are several advantages of using micro-world simulations in the development of information systems, but also that there still exist fundamental problems, such as measuring team performance.
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| 19. |
- Granlund, Rego
(författare)
-
Microworld systems for emergency management training
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Co-Operative Process Management. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 0748407138
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter describes a research project that deals with the design and construction of computer simulation in decision training systems, in particular with the development of simulation systems for training of commanders and staff in emergency decision making and crisis management. This description focuses on the emergency management characteristics that influence the design and construction of a proper emergency management training system. The underlying assumption in this work is this: Decision training systems, for emergency management, can be more effective if pedagogical strategies are integrated into the computer simulations. To examine how emergency management training can be generated, we have developed C3Fire - a microworld simulation system.The rnicroworld generates a task environment for a forest fire fighting staff, where we can train a staff in commanding and controlling the fire-fightingunits. The goal of the rnicroworld is to have an experimental platform where we can study distributed decision making and situation awareness, and at the same time experiment with different control strategies in order to obtain certain specified pedagogical goals. This work is based on empirical studies of an existing military training system used to train infantry battalion staffs.
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| 20. |
- Granlund, Rego, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
-
Monitoring distributed collaboration in the C3Fire microworld
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Scaled worlds. - Aldershot : Ashgate Publishing Limited. - 9780754635093 ; , s. -363
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This text identifies and discusses emerging challenges and opportunities arising from advanced-technology simulation-based microworld analogues of operational environments. These "scaled worlds" have been used and advocated for many years. A major transformation is expected in research and training using new, more advanced versions of these systems. Technology now affords new capabilities using PC-based systems. Complex and distributed expert decision making and team performance can be elicited and rehearsed through affordable and easily distributed systems. These new systems will transform the nature of research and training on two fronts: (1) the content internal (i.e. laboratory control) and external validity, and (2) who can do the research and/or training, as these new systems offer more opportunities/options. Organizations and universities are rapidly building internet-based systems to train, educate and/or utilize individuals who may be distributed across the globe. Researchers across the globe will also use these new capabilities, forging new and multi-discipline research as new alliances and collaborations are enabled. Research previously restricted to highly realistic and restricted high-fidelity systems will be open to more participants and these new processes and systems will create new opportunities. Such systems will offer more realism, control and feedback to researchers and trainers. Distributed systems can link multiple nodes, allowing many participants to perform within a shared scenario. Scenarios are more easily constructed and controlled. Opportunities using these internet-based systems are clear, as evidenced by high funding and investments in advanced internet-based training systems. Universities, corporations and DoD organizations are rapidly escalating their use of such systems for collaborative research, education, distributed training and distance learning. These simulation-based systems will rapidly change the nature of research, education and training for most performance domains. Low to medium fidelity environments capture knowledge and performance requirements while retaining high levels of experimental control and generalizability. This book goes further than others on simulation-based training and research (which focus on highly realistic systems) by addressing the issues of scale, fidelity and purpose in more abstracted scaled world systems. It brings together experts who use these systems, from a variety of perspectives. Their contributions document emerging trends and issues with regard to development, utilization and validation of these emerging "scaled world" systems.
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| 21. |
- Granlund, Rego, 1964-
(författare)
-
Monitoring distributed teamwork training
- 2002
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In team collaboration training, especially when the training is distributed on the net, it exists a problem of identifying the students' collaboration and work processes. An important design task when developing distributed interactive simulation systems for team training is therefore to define a proper monitoring functionality that will help training managers to evaluate the training. Thus a goal of a computer-based monitoring system is to give training managers help in understanding and assessing the performance of the trainees.This thesis deals with the design and implementation of monitoring strategies for distributed collaboration training. The aim has been to explore different automatic monitoring strategies, and how they can help a training manger in their task of understanding the students' collaboration during a training session.To explore possible monitoring strategies, a distributed, net-based micro-world simulation and training system, C3Fire, has been developed and three series of experiments has been performed. C3Fire provides a Command, Control and Communication training environment that can be used for team collaboration training of emergency management tasks. The training domain, which is forest fire fighting, acts as a micro-world, which creates a good dynamic environment for the trainees.In the three performed studies a total of 192 persons have participated as students. A 132 of these were computer-literate undergraduate students and 60 professional military officers. In these studies four monitoring goals have been explored: the effectiveness of the teams, the information distribution in the organisation, the students situation awareness, and the students work and collaboration methods.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Granlund, Rego
(författare)
-
Web-based micro-world simulation for emergency management training
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Future Generation Computer Systems. - 0167-739X .- 1872-7115. ; 17:5, s. 561-572
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Micro-world simulation and exercise monitoring will have an important role in future group distance exercise (GDE) systems. Micro-world simulations can be used for training basic co-ordination and collaborative work in emergency management and command-and-control situations. An important design task when developing distributed interactive simulation systems for GDE is to define a proper monitoring functionality that will help the training managers to evaluate the exercises. In our research, we have developed C3Fire, a web-based distributed interactive simulation system. This paper presents results from using the C3Fire micro-world and our work on exercise monitoring.
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| 24. |
- Johansson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
C3Fire in command and control research
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Cognition, Technology & Work. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-5558 .- 1435-5566. ; 5:3, s. 191-196
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New and envisioned technological means and abilities for exerting command and control have increased the interest of man-machine research in a military context. Although there are many current proposals for how new command and control systems should be designed, many of the proposed properties that are considered advantageous have never been tested or could even be impossible to test in real-world situations. In spite of that, proposed design solutions are generally held valid in many Western countries where developments of major command and control system projects are in progress. An important question is how microworlds can be used for research on team decision-making. The use of microworlds gives us the possibility to create controlled settings and the opportunity to use advanced monitoring tools to study the subjects. Our studies indicate that the microworld concept, even though the simulation is fairly simple, reflects some of the crucial aspects of team-work in dynamic settings. The article presents results from a study in command and control using the C3Fire microworld (http:// www.c3fire.org). Results and methodological issues are discussed.
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| 25. |
- Johansson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Feedback in Shared Digital Maps
- 2001
-
Ingår i: European Annual Conference on Human Decision Making and Control. - X : X. ; , s. 65-69
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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