| 1. |
- Maxwell, Tania L., et al.
(författare)
-
Global dataset of soil organic carbon in tidal marshes
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Springer Nature. - 2052-4463. ; 10:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tidal marshes store large amounts of organic carbon in their soils. Field data quantifying soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks provide an important resource for researchers, natural resource managers, and policy-makers working towards the protection, restoration, and valuation of these ecosystems. We collated a global dataset of tidal marsh soil organic carbon (MarSOC) from 99 studies that includes location, soil depth, site name, dry bulk density, SOC, and/or soil organic matter (SOM). The MarSOC dataset includes 17,454 data points from 2,329 unique locations, and 29 countries. We generated a general transfer function for the conversion of SOM to SOC. Using this data we estimated a median (± median absolute deviation) value of 79.2 ± 38.1 Mg SOC ha−1 in the top 30 cm and 231 ± 134 Mg SOC ha−1 in the top 1 m of tidal marsh soils globally. This data can serve as a basis for future work, and may contribute to incorporation of tidal marsh ecosystems into climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies and policies.
|
|
| 2. |
- Ala, Tirdad Seifi, et al.
(författare)
-
Alpha Oscillations During Effortful Continuous Speech: From Scalp EEG to Ear-EEG
- 2023
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 0018-9294 .- 1558-2531. ; 70:4, s. 1264-1273
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate alpha power as an objective measure of effortful listening in continuous speech with scalp and ear-EEG. Methods: Scalp and ear-EEG were recorded simultaneously during presentation of a 33-s news clip in the presence of 16-talker babble noise. Four different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) were used to manipulate task demand. The effects of changes in SNR were investigated on alpha event-related synchronization (ERS) and desynchronization (ERD). Alpha activity was extracted from scalp EEG using different referencing methods (common average and symmetrical bi-polar) in different regions of the brain (parietal and temporal) and ear-EEG. Results: Alpha ERS decreased with decreasing SNR (i.e., increasing task demand) in both scalp and ear-EEG. Alpha ERS was also positively correlated to behavioural performance which was based on the questions regarding the contents of the speech. Conclusion: Alpha ERS/ERD is better suited to track performance of a continuous speech than listening effort. Significance: EEG alpha power in continuous speech may indicate of how well the speech was perceived and it can be measured with both scalp and Ear-EEG.
|
|
| 3. |
- Frokjaer, J. B., et al.
(författare)
-
Integrity of central nervous function in diabetes mellitus assessed by resting state EEG frequency analysis and source localization
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications. - : Elsevier BV. - 1056-8727. ; 31:2, s. 400-406
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with structural and functional changes of the central nervous system. We used electroencephalography (EEG) to assess resting state cortical activity and explored associations to relevant clinical features. Multichannel resting state EEG was recorded in 27 healthy controls and 24 patients with longstanding DM and signs of autonomic dysfunction. The power distribution based on wavelet analysis was summarized into frequency bands with corresponding topographic mapping. Source localization analysis was applied to explore the electrical cortical sources underlying the EEG. Compared to controls, DM patients had an overall decreased EEG power in the delta (1-4 Hz) and gamma (30-45 Hz) bands. Topographic analysis revealed that these changes were confined to the frontal region for the delta band and to central cortical areas for the gamma band. Source localization analysis identified sources with reduced activity in the left postcentral gyrus for the gamma band and in right superior parietal lobule for the alpha 1 (8-10 Hz) band. DM patients with clinical signs of autonomic dysfunction and gastrointestinal symptoms had evidence of altered resting state cortical processing. This may reflect metabolic, vascular or neuronal changes associated with diabetes.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Krause-Jensen, D, et al.
(författare)
-
Nordic Blue Carbon Ecosystems: Status and Outlook
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Marine Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-7745. ; 9
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vegetated coastal and marine habitats in the Nordic region include salt marshes, eelgrass meadows and, in particular, brown macroalgae (kelp forests and rockweed beds). Such habitats contribute to storage of organic carbon (Blue Carbon – BC) and support coastal protection, biodiversity and water quality. Protection and restoration of these habitats therefore have the potential to deliver climate change mitigation and co-benefits. Here we present the existing knowledge on Nordic BC habitats in terms of habitat area, C-stocks and sequestration rates, co-benefits, policies and management status to inspire a coherent Nordic BC roadmap. The area extent of BC habitats in the region is incompletely assessed, but available information sums up to 1,440 km2 salt marshes, 1,861 (potentially 2,735) km2 seagrass meadows, and 16,532 km2 (potentially 130,735 km2, including coarse Greenland estimates) brown macroalgae, yielding a total of 19,833 (potentially 134,910) km2. Saltmarshes and seagrass meadows have experienced major declines over the past century, while macroalgal trends are more diverse. Based on limited salt marsh data, sediment C-stocks average 3,311 g Corg m-2 (top 40-100 cm) and sequestration rates average 142 g Corg m-2 yr-1. Eelgrass C-stocks average 2,414 g Corg m-2 (top 25 cm) and initial data for sequestration rates range 5-33 g Corg m-2, quantified for one Greenland site and one short term restoration. For Nordic brown macroalgae, peer-reviewed estimates of sediment C-stock and sequestration are lacking. Overall, the review reveals substantial Nordic BC-stocks, but highlights that evidence is still insufficient to provide a robust estimate of all Nordic BC-stocks and sequestration rates. Needed are better quantification of habitat area, C-stocks and fluxes, particularly for macroalgae, as well as identification of target areas for BC management. The review also points to directives and regulations protecting Nordic marine vegetation, and local restoration initiatives with potential to increase C-sequestration but underlines that increased coordination at national and Nordic scales and across sectors is needed. We propose a Nordic BC roadmap for science and management to maximize the potential of BC habitats to mitigate climate change and support coastal protection, biodiversity and additional ecosystem functions.
|
|
| 7. |
- Smith, P B, et al.
(författare)
-
Cultural values, sources of guidance, and their relevance to managerial behavior - A 47-nation study
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. - : Sage Publications. - 0022-0221 .- 1552-5422. ; 33:2, s. 188-208
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data are presented showing how middle managers in 47 countries report handling eight specific work events. The data are used to test the ability of cultural value dimensions derived from the work of Hofstede. Trompenaars, and Schwartz to predict the specific sources of guidance on which managers rely. Focusing on sources of guidance is expected to provide a more precise basis than do generalized measures of values for understanding the behaviors that prevail within different cultures. Values are strongly predictive of reliance on those sources of guidance that are relevant to vertical relationships within organizations. Hock ever, values are less successful in predicting reliance on peers and on more tacit sources of guidance. Explaining national differences in these neglected aspects of organizational processes will require greater sensitivity to the culture-specific contexts within which they occur.
|
|
| 8. |
- Ala, Tirdad Seifi, et al.
(författare)
-
An exploratory Study of EEG Alpha Oscillation and Pupil Dilation in Hearing-Aid Users During Effortful listening to Continuous Speech
- 2020
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1932-6203. ; 15:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Individuals with hearing loss allocate cognitive resources to comprehend noisy speech in everyday life scenarios. Such a scenario could be when they are exposed to ongoing speech and need to sustain their attention for a rather long period of time, which requires listening effort. Two well-established physiological methods that have been found to be sensitive to identify changes in listening effort are pupillometry and electroencephalography (EEG). However, these measurements have been used mainly for momentary, evoked or episodic effort. The aim of this study was to investigate how sustained effort manifests in pupillometry and EEG, using continuous speech with varying signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Eight hearing-aid users participated in this exploratory study and performed a continuous speech-in-noise task. The speech material consisted of 30-second continuous streams that were presented from loudspeakers to the right and left side of the listener (+/- 30 degrees azimuth) in the presence of 4-talker background noise (+180 degrees azimuth). The participants were instructed to attend either to the right or left speaker and ignore the other in a randomized order with two different SNR conditions: 0 dB and -5 dB (the difference between the target and the competing talker). The effects of SNR on listening effort were explored objectively using pupillometry and EEG. The results showed larger mean pupil dilation and decreased EEG alpha power in the parietal lobe during the more effortful condition. This study demonstrates that both measures are sensitive to changes in SNR during continuous speech.
|
|
| 9. |
- Ellebæk, SB, et al.
(författare)
-
Pressurized IntraPeritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC)-directed treatment of peritoneal metastasis in end-stage colo-rectal cancer patients
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Pleura and peritoneum. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 2364-768X .- 2364-7671. ; 5:2, s. 20200109-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundPressurized IntraPeritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC) represents a novel approach to intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Hereby results, obtained with PIPAC in patients with advanced peritoneal metastasis (PM) from colorectal cancer (CRC), are presented.MethodsData from CRC patients (n = 24) included in the prospective PIPAC-OPC1 and PIPAC-OPC2 trials are reported. Oxaliplatin 92 mg/m2 was administered at 4-6-week intervals. A CE certified nebulizer was used to aerosolize the chemotherapeutics. Outcome criteria were objective tumor response, survival and adverse events.ResultsRetrospective analysis of 74 PIPAC procedures carried out in 24 consecutive patients with PM from CRC included from October 2015 to February 2019. Five patients had still the primary tumor in situ, and 22 patients had received palliative systemic chemotherapy. Nineteen patients completed more than two PIPAC procedures, and objective tumor response according to the histological Peritoneal Regression Grading Score (PRGS) was observed in 67% of the patients, while 21% had stable disease. Four patients (21%) had complete response (mean PRGS = 1 and negative cytology). We recorded a median survival of 37.6 (range 7.3–48.9) months from the time of PM diagnosis, whereas it was 20.5 (range 0.13–34.7) months following the first PIPAC session. Minor postoperative complications were noted, and few were considered causally related to the PIPAC treatment. However, two cases of severe postoperative complications were recorded (urosepsis and iatrogenic bowel perforation).ConclusionsPIPAC with low-dose oxaliplatin can induce objective tumor regression in selected patients with advanced PM from colorectal cancer.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
- Garland, P., et al.
(författare)
-
Haemoglobin causes neuronal damage in vivo which is preventable by haptoglobin
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Brain Communications. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2632-1297. ; 2:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- After subarachnoid haemorrhage, prolonged exposure to toxic extracellular haemoglobin occurs in the brain. Here, we investigate the role of haemoglobin neurotoxicity in vivo and its prevention. In humans after subarachnoid haemorrhage, haemoglobin in cerebrospinal fluid was associated with neurofilament light chain, a marker of neuronal damage. Most haemoglobin was not complexed with haptoglobin, an endogenous haemoglobin scavenger present at very low concentration in the brain. Exogenously added haptoglobin bound most uncomplexed haemoglobin, in the first 2 weeks after human subarachnoid haemorrhage, indicating a wide therapeutic window. In mice, the behavioural, vascular, cellular and molecular changes seen after human subarachnoid haemorrhage were recapitulated by modelling a single aspect of subarachnoid haemorrhage: prolonged intrathecal exposure to haemoglobin. Haemoglobin-induced behavioural deficits and astrocytic, microglial and synaptic changes were attenuated by haptoglobin. Haptoglobin treatment did not attenuate large-vessel vasospasm, yet improved clinical outcome by restricting diffusion of haemoglobin into the parenchyma and reducing small-vessel vasospasm. In summary, haemoglobin toxicity is of clinical importance and preventable by haptoglobin, independent of large-vessel vasospasm.
|
|
| 12. |
- Graversen, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Pressurized IntraPeritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC) as an outpatient procedure
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Pleura and peritoneum. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 2364-768X .- 2364-7671. ; 3:4, s. 20180128-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundPressurized IntraPeritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC) is a drug-delivery method for patients with peritoneal metastasis (PM). The study objective was to investigate whether PIPAC is possible in an outpatient setting.MethodsData was extracted from the prospective PIPAC-OPC2 study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03287375). Patients with PM were treated by cisplatin and doxorubicin (PIPAC C/D), except patients with colorectal PM, who were treated by oxaliplatin (PIPAC OX). Patients were evaluated concerning the suitability for carrying out the PIPAC procedure in an out- patient setting. The preconditions for outpatient surgery were that the patient should be (1) freely mobilized, (2) adequately pain-relieved, (3) have untroubled urination and (4) without anxiety or discomfort caused by leaving the hospital.ResultsDuring the study period, 106 PIPAC procedures (79 PIPAC C/D, 27 PIPAC OX) were performed in 41 patients with gastrointestinal or ovarian PM. Ninety percent (37/41) of the patients were pretreated with systemic chemotherapy. Eight patients (20%) received bidirectional chemotherapy. Twenty-four percent (10/41) of the first PIPAC procedures were completed in an outpatient setting, which increased to 65% (13/20) in PIPAC no 3 (p=0.008). In the PIPAC C/D cohort, 28% and 80% of the PIPACs were performed in the outpatient setting at PIPAC 1 and 3 respectively, contrasting to only 11% and 20% in the PIPAC OX group. No readmissions after outpatient care. Postoperative morphine administration was more frequent in the PIPAC OX group.ConclusionsThe PIPAC procedure can be performed in an outpatient setting. The critical component for success is pain control.
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
- Graversen, Rune, et al.
(författare)
-
Greenland’s contribution to global sea-level rise by the end of the 21st century
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Climate Dynamics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0930-7575 .- 1432-0894. ; 37, s. 1427-1442
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Greenland ice sheet holds enough water to raise the global sea level with *7 m. Over the last few decades, observations manifest a substantial increase of the mass loss of this ice sheet. Both enhanced melting and increase of the dynamical discharge, associated with calving at the outlet-glacier fronts, are contributing to the mass imbalance. Using a dynamical and thermodynamical ice-sheet model, and taking into account speed up of outlet glaciers, we estimate Greenland’s contribution to the 21stcentury global sea-level rise and the uncertainty of this estimate. Boundary fields of temperature and precipitation extracted from coupled climate-model projections used for the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, are applied to the icesheet model. We implement a simple parameterization for increased flow of outlet glaciers, which decreases the bias of the modeled present-day surface height. It also allows for taking into account the observed recent increase in dynamical discharge, and it can be used for future projections associated with outlet-glacier speed up. Greenland contributes 0–17 cm to global sea-level rise by the end of the 21st century. This range includes the uncertainties in climate-model projections, the uncertainty associated with scenarios of greenhouse-gas emissions, as well as the uncertainties in future outlet-glacier discharge. In addition, the range takes into account the uncertainty of the ice-sheet model and its boundary fields.
|
|
| 15. |
- Mortin, Jonas, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
Extending the QuikSCAT record of seasonal melt–freeze transitions over Arctic sea ice using ASCAT
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Remote Sensing of Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0034-4257 .- 1879-0704. ; 141:5, s. 214-230
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The seasonal melt–freeze transitions are important to continuously monitor over Arctic sea ice in order to better understand Arctic climate variability. The Ku-band scatterometer QuikSCAT (13.4 GHz), widely used to retrieve pan-Arctic seasonal transitions, discontinued its decadal long record in 2009. In this study, we show that the C-band scatterometer ASCAT (5.3 GHz), in orbit since 2006 and with an anticipated lifetime through 2021, can be used to extend the QuikSCAT record of seasonal melt–freeze transitions. This is done by (1) comparing back- scatter measurements over multiyear and first-year ice, and by (2) retrieving seasonal transitions from resolution-enhanced ASCAT and QuikSCAT measurements and comparing the results with independent datasets. Despite operating in different frequencies, ASCAT and QuikSCAT respond similarly to surface transitions. However, QuikSCAT measurements respond slightly stronger to the early melt of first-year ice, making it less sensitive to sea-ice dynamics. To retrieve the transitions, we employed an improved edge-detector algorithm, which was iterated and constrained using sea-ice concentration data, efficiently alleviating unreasonable outliers. This gives melt–freeze transitions over all Arctic sea ice north of 60°N at a 4.45 km resolution during 1999–2009 and 2009–2012 for QuikSCAT and ASCAT, respectively. Using the sensor overlap period, we show that the retrieved transitions retrieved from the different instruments are largely consistent across all regions in the Arctic sea-ice domain, indicating a robust consistency.
|
|
