| 1. |
- Ahlman, Håkan, 1947, et al.
(author)
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Clinical management of gastric carcinoid tumors.
- 1994
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In: Digestion. - 0012-2823. ; 55 Suppl 3, s. 77-85
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Four types of gastric carcinoids have been identified: (1) multiple small body-fundus carcinoids associated with chronic atrophic gastritis type A (A-CAG); (2) sporadic solitary lesions without specific pathogenetic background (non-A-CAG); (3) carcinoidosis associated with Zollinger-Ellison/MEN 1 syndrome, and (4) rare tumors, e.g. gastrin cell tumors, neuroendocrine carcinomas and mixed endocrine-exocrine tumors. In a retrospective study of 15 patients with gastric carcinoids (11 A-CAG, 3 non-A-CAG and 1 gastrin cell tumor) over a 10-year period, the histopathological and clinical features were assessed. The A-CAG-type carcinoids were clinically silent with lymph node metastases in 2/11 cases but no hepatic metastases. The non-A-CAG-type carcinoids were malignant with disseminated disease, hormonal symptoms and increased urinary excretion of the main histamine metabolite, MeImAA. Five patients with A-CAG tumors were subjected to antrectomy to remove hypergastrinemia, which is thought to be of pathogenetic importance for these tumors. During the observation period (1.5-8 years) 1 patient developed recurrent tumors, while the other 4 showed persistent argyrophil cell hyperplasia. A prospective treatment protocol of these tumors is suggested with endoscopic removal of less numerous, small lesions as first-step therapy, followed by antrectomy at recurrence. Larger lesions should be excised in combination with antrectomy. Gastrectomy is reserved for the rare cases of invasive tumors with lymph node metastases. As evident from the outcome of patients with non-A-CAG tumors radical surgery should be performed whenever practicable.
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| 2. |
- Ardesjö, Brita, et al.
(author)
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Immunoreactivity against Goblet cells in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
- 2008
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In: Inflammatory bowel diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1078-0998 .- 1536-4844. ; 14:5, s. 652-61
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A number of autoantibodies have been reported in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent sera from patients with IBD contain autoantibodies directed against normal human gastrointestinal mucosa. METHODS: Samples of sera from 50 patients with IBD and 50 healthy subjects were used for immunostaining of normal and affected human gastrointestinal tissues. RESULTS: Eighty-four percent of the sera from IBD patients showed immunoreactivity against goblet cells in the appendix compared with 8% of the sera from healthy subjects. Goblet cell reactivity of IBD patient sera varied between regions in the gastrointestinal tract. Sera from healthy subjects only reacted with goblet cells in the appendix. In the colon and the appendix, goblet cell reactivity of IBD sera was generally weak at the base of the crypts and gradually increased toward the lumen. Three IBD sera samples reacted with gastrin cells in the antrum. In colon biopsies from patients with ulcerative colitis, immunoreactivity against the remaining goblet cells showed an inverse correlation with inflammatory activity. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that immunoreactivity against goblet cells may be of central importance in the pathogenesis of IBD. Identification of goblet cell antigens could lead to a better understanding of IBD and provide a new diagnostic tool.
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| 3. |
- Bränström, Robert, et al.
(author)
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Electrical short-circuit in β-cells from a patient with non-insulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemic syndrome (NIPHS) : a case report
- 2010
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In: Journal of Medical Case Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1752-1947. ; 4:1, s. 315-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Non-insulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemic syndrome is a rare disorder among adults, and, to our knowledge, only about 40 cases have been reported in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION: The patient is a previously healthy 35-year-old Caucasian man. His symptoms began four years ago when he suddenly felt weakness in his legs and started sweating for unknown reasons. The symptoms worsened, and laboratory tests revealed hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinemia at the time of the symptoms. All diagnostics attempts using magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and endoscopic ultrasound did not reveal any abnormalities. At this stage, surgical intervention was planned, and a distal 80% pancreatectomy was performed. The histopathologic and immunohistochemical investigations of the pancreas showed an increased number of islets of different sizes, more or less evenly distributed in the gland, but no insulinoma. Patch-clamp recordings from isolated pancreatic β-cells showed that, even at a low glucose concentration (3 mmol/L), the β-cell membrane was depolarized, and action potentials were seen. Surprisingly, in patch-clamp experiments, the addition of diazoxide had a marked effect on K-ATP channel activity and membrane potential, but no effect on insulin levels in vivo before surgery. CONCLUSION: This case report adds new information on the pathogenesis of non-insulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemic syndrome, as we performed an electrophysiologic characterization of isolated islet cells. We show, for the first time, that β-cells isolated from a non-insulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemic syndrome patient are constantly depolarized, even at low glucose levels, but display normal K-ATP channel physiology.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Melhus, Håkan, et al.
(author)
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Expression of cellular retinol- and retinoic acid-binding proteins in normal and pathologic human parathyroid glands
- 2001
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In: Endocrine pathology. - 1046-3976 .- 1559-0097. ; 12:4, s. 423-427
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have previously reported data establishing the human parathyroid gland as a target organ for vitamin A. In the present study, we identified Ito-like cells in parathyroid glands, suggesting local stores of vitamin A. Furthermore, we used immunohistochemistry to investigate the expression of the cellular retinol-binding protein type 1 and the cellular retinoic acid-binding protein type 1 (CRABP I) in histologically normal glands, in remnants of "normal" glandular tissue adjacent to adenoma, in adenomas, and in hyperplastic glands of chief cell type. All normal and abnormal glands displayed immunoreactivity to the two antibodies. CRABP I appeared in the cytoplasm, cell membranes, and nuclear membranes in normal glands, but only exceptionally in the nuclear membranes in abnormal glands. Since retinoic acid inhibits the secretion of parathyroid hormone and CRABP I is thought to play a key role in regulating the amount of retinoic acid available to interact with specific nuclear receptors, these data may suggest impaired transport of retinoic acid to cell nuclei, thus contributing to the development of hyperparathyroidism.
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| 6. |
- Rubio, Carlos A., et al.
(author)
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Reliability of the reported size of removed colorectal polyps
- 2006
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In: Anticancer Research. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 26:6C, s. 4895-4899
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The size of colorectal polyps is important in the clinical management of these lesions. Aim: To audit the accuracy in calculating the size of polyps by various specialists. Materials and Methods: Eighteen pathologists and four surgeons measured, with a conventional millimetre ruler, the largest diameter of 12 polyp phantoms. The results of two independent measurements (two weeks apart) were compared with the gold standard-size assessed at The Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden. Results: Thirty-one percent (83/264-trial 1) and 33% (88/264-trial 2) of the measurements underestimated or overestimated the gold standard size by > 1 mm. Of the 22 experienced participants, 95% (21/22-trial 1) and 91% (20/22-trial 2) misjudged by > 1 mm the size of one or more polyps. Values given by 13 participants (4.9%) in trial I and by 15 participants (5.7%) in trial 2, differed by ! 4 mm from the gold standard size. In addition, a big difference between the highest and the lowest values was recorded in some polyps (up to 11.4 mm). Those disparate values were regarded as a human error in reading the scale on the ruler. Conclusion: Using a conventional ruler (the tool of pathologists worldwide) unacceptably high intra-observer and inter-observer variations in assessing the size of polyp-phantoms was found. The volume and the shape of devices, as well as human error in reading the scale of the ruler were confounding factors in size assessment. In praxis, the size is crucial in the management of colorectal polyps. Considering the clinical implications of the results obtained, the possibility of developing a method that will allow assessment of the true size of removed clinical polyps is being explored.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Ahlgren, Kerstin M, et al.
(author)
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Lack of evidence for a role of islet autoimmunity in the aetiology of canine diabetes mellitus
- 2014
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:8, s. e105473-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIMS/HYPOTHESIS:Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine disorders in dogs and is commonly proposed to be of autoimmune origin. Although the clinical presentation of human type 1 diabetes (T1D) and canine diabetes are similar, the aetiologies may differ. The aim of this study was to investigate if autoimmune aetiology resembling human T1D is as prevalent in dogs as previously reported.METHODS:Sera from 121 diabetic dogs representing 40 different breeds were tested for islet cell antibodies (ICA) and GAD65 autoantibodies (GADA) and compared with sera from 133 healthy dogs. ICA was detected by indirect immunofluorescence using both canine and human frozen sections. GADA was detected by in vitro transcription and translation (ITT) of human and canine GAD65, followed by immune precipitation. Sections of pancreata from five diabetic dogs and two control dogs were examined histopathologically including immunostaining for insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreas polypeptide.RESULTS:None of the canine sera analysed tested positive for ICA on sections of frozen canine or human ICA pancreas. However, serum from one diabetic dog was weakly positive in the canine GADA assay and serum from one healthy dog was weakly positive in the human GADA assay. Histopathology showed marked degenerative changes in endocrine islets, including vacuolisation and variable loss of immune-staining for insulin. No sign of inflammation was noted.CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATIONS:Contrary to previous observations, based on results from tests for humoral autoreactivity towards islet proteins using four different assays, and histopathological examinations, we do not find any support for an islet autoimmune aetiology in canine diabetes mellitus.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Ali, Abir Salwa, et al.
(author)
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Expression of p53 protein in high-grade gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma
- 2017
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 12:11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (GEP-NECs) are aggressive, rapidly proliferating tumors. Therapeutic response to current chemotherapy regimens is usually short lasting. The aim of this study was to examine the expression and potential clinical importance of immunoreactive p53 protein in GEP-NEC. Materials and methods Tumor tissues from 124 GEP-NEC patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease treated with platinum-based chemotherapy were collected from Nordic centers and clinical data were obtained from the Nordic NEC register. Tumor proliferation rate and differentiation were re-evaluated. All specimens were immunostained for p53 protein using a commercially available monoclonal antibody. Kaplan-Meier curves and cox regression analyses were used to assess progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results All tumor tissues were immunoreactive for either one or both neuroendocrine biomarkers (chromogranin A and synaptophysin) and Ki67 index was >20% in all cases. p53 immunoreactivity was only shown in 39% of the cases and was not found to be a prognostic marker for the whole cohort. However, p53 immunoreactivity was correlated with shorter PFS in patients with colorectal tumors (HR = 2.1, p = 0.03) in a univariate analysis as well as to poorer PFS (HR = 2.6, p = 0.03) and OS (HR = 3.4, p = 0.02) in patients with colorectal tumors with distant metastases, a correlation which remained significant in the multivariate analyses. Conclusion In this cohort of GEP-NEC patients, p53 expression could not be correlated with clinical outcome. However, in patients with colorectal NECs, p53 expression was correlated with shorter PFS and OS. Further studies are needed to establish the role of immunoreactive p53 as a prognostic marker for GEP-NEC patients.
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| 11. |
- Ali, Abir Salwa, 1986-, et al.
(author)
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PD-L1 expression in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms grade 3
- 2020
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 15:12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms grade 3 (GEP-NENs G3) are rare tumors. These highly aggressive neoplasms are traditionally treated with platinum-based chemotherapy in combination with etoposide. Immune checkpoint proteins such as programmed cell death ligand (PD-L1) may have a role in different cancers allowing them escape the immune system and hence, progress. We aimed to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of PD-L1 in GEP-NEN G3 and evaluate its correlation to clinical parameters. In a cohort of 136 patients, 14 (10%) expressed PD-L1 immunoreactivity; four (3%) patients in the tumor cells and 10 (7%) had immunoreactive immune cells. PD-L1 expression did not correlate to clinical parameters, progression-free survival or overall survival. We conclude that PD-L1 expression is present only in a subset of GEP-NEN G3 patients. Further studies are needed to fully understand the role of PD-L1 in patients with GEP-NEN G3, including the future possibility for treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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| 12. |
- Antonodimitrakis, Pantelis Clewemar, et al.
(author)
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Neuroendocrine tumors with syndromic vasoactive intestinal polypeptide hypersecretion : a retrospective study
- 2017
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In: International Journal of Endocrine Oncology. - : Future Medicine Ltd. - 2045-0869 .- 2045-0877. ; 4:1, s. 9-22
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide producing neuroendocrine tumors are rare and cause severe hormonal symptoms. Patients/methods: Eighteen patients with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide producing neuroendocrine tumors were analyzed with reviews of medical records, radiology and tumor tissue specimens. Results: Twelve patients (67%) had liver metastases at diagnosis. Chemotherapy, somatostatin analogs and interferon were given as medical therapies. Streptozocin/5-fluorouracil produced an objective response in 40% of the evaluable patients. Somatostatin analogs gave a clinical/biochemical response in eight out of nine patients. Transarterial embolization of the liver and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy was given to refractory cases. Sixteen patients died during the observation period. The median overall survival from diagnosis was 102 months. Conclusion: Systemic chemotherapy and somatostatin analogs should be given in cases of advanced disease or for hormonal symptoms.
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| 13. |
- Ardesjö, Brita, et al.
(author)
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Identification of a novel staining pattern of bile duct epithelial cells in primary sclerosing cholangitis
- 2010
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In: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1078-0998 .- 1536-4844. ; 16:2, s. 305-311
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an inflammatory disease of the bile ducts with an unknown etiology. A number of autoantigens have been proposed, but an early diagnostic marker is still lacking. Our aim was to identify such an autoantigen. METHODS: Immunostaining was performed on normal human bile duct with sera from patients with PSC and controls. To identify an autoantigen a cDNA library from normal human choledochus was constructed and immunoscreened with patient sera. Using in vitro transcription and translation and immunoprecipitation we examined the immunoreactivity against PDZ domain containing 1 (PDZK1) in 35 patients with PSC, 198 control patients, and 94 healthy controls. RESULTS: We observed a previously unpublished staining pattern in which cytoplasmatic granules and apical cell membranes of biliary epithelial cells were stained by PSC sera. Strong immunoreactivity to these structures was obtained with 12 out of 35 PSC sera (34%) but not with sera from healthy controls. By screening the cDNA library we identified PDZK1 as a candidate antigen. Immunoreactivity against PDZK1 was detected in 9% of PSC patients, 2% of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, 8% of autoimmune pancreatitis patients, 18% of Grave's disease patients, and 1% of healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: Previously unpublished, specific, and strong autoantibodies against epithelial cells of the bile duct in PSC sera were identified. Furthermore, PDZK1 is suggested as a potential new autoantigen.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Ardesjö Lundgren, Brita, et al.
(author)
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Identification of complement C3 as an autoantigen in inflammatory bowel disease.
- 2010
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In: European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology. - 1473-5687 .- 0954-691X. ; 22:4, s. 429-436
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Autoantibodies against goblet cells in the gastrointestinal mucosa have been described in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) but a corresponding autoantigen has not yet been identified. The aim of this study was to identify such an antigen. METHODS: First, 10 candidate autoantigens were discarded based on double stainings of appendiceal sections and a mucin-producing cell line (HT29-mtx). Second, an appendiceal cDNA library was immunoscreened with IBD sera. RESULTS: Three out of 48 positive clones were identified as complement C3. Using immunoprecipitation of in vitro transcribed and translated C3, seven of 17 primary sclerosing cholangitis patient sera, 15 of 65 IBD sera, and none out of 54 sera from healthy blood donors showed C3 immunoreactivity. The results were confirmed using western blot and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with alternative sources of C3 protein. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we have identified complement C3 as a potential autoantigen in IBD and primary sclerosing cholangitis.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Borch, Kurt, 1944-, et al.
(author)
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Gastric carcinoids: biologic behavior and prognosis after differentiated treatment in relation to type
- 2005
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In: Annals of surgery. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0003-4932 .- 1528-1140. ; 242:1, s. 64-73
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To analyze tumor biology and the outcome of differentiated treatment in relation to tumor subtype in patients with gastric carcinoid. BACKGROUND: Gastric carcinoids may be subdivided into ECL cell carcinoids (type 1 associated with atrophic gastritis, type 2 associated with gastrinoma, type 3 without predisposing conditions) and miscellaneous types (type 4). The biologic behavior and prognosis vary considerably in relation to type. METHODS: A total of 65 patients from 24 hospitals (51 type 1, 1 type 2, 4 type 3, and 9 type 4) were included. Management recommendations were issued for newly diagnosed cases, that is, endoscopic or surgical treatment of type 1 and 2 carcinoids (including antrectomy to abolish hypergastrinemia) and radical resection for type 3 and 4 carcinoids. RESULTS: Infiltration beyond the submucosa occurred in 9 of 51 type 1, 4 of 4 type 3, and 7 of 9 type 4 carcinoids. Metastases occurred in 4 of 51 type 1 (3 regional lymph nodes, 1 liver), the single type 2 (regional lymph nodes), 3 of 4 type 3 (all liver), and 7 of 9 type 4 carcinoids (all liver). Of the patients with type 1 carcinoid, 3 had no specific treatment, 40 were treated with endoscopic or surgical excision (in 10 cases combined with antrectomy), 7 underwent total gastrectomy, and 1 underwent proximal gastric resection. Radical tumor removal was not possible in 2 of 4 patients with type 3 and 7 of 9 patients with type 4 carcinoid. Five- and 10-year crude survival rates were 96.1% and 73.9% for type 1 (not different from the general population), but only 33.3% and 22.2% for type 4 carcinoids. CONCLUSION: Subtyping of gastric carcinoids is helpful in the prediction of malignant potential and long-term survival and is a guide to management. Long-term survival did not differ from that of the general population regarding type 1 carcinoids but was poor regarding type 4 carcinoids.
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| 19. |
- Cunningham, Janet Lynn, et al.
(author)
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Malignant ileocaecal serotonin-producing carcinoid tumours : the presence of a solid growth pattern and/or Ki67 index above 1% identifies patients with a poorer prognosis
- 2007
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In: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 46:6, s. 747-756
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Patients with malignant serotonin-producing carcinoid tumours in the jejunum, ileum and caecum generally have long survival expectancy. In some patients, however, tumour progression is more rapid and there is a need to identify them at an early stage. The purpose of this study was to determine if histopathological characteristics and/or Ki67 and apoptotic indices are of prognostic value in cases of metastatic disease. Eighty-one patients with this tumour were included in the study; all had metastases and their survival range was 1-223 months. Five growth patterns were identified and described. For 57 patients whose tumour material was available, the Ki67 and apoptotic indices were calculated for ten randomly selected tumour areas and 'hot spots'. A Cox regression analysis was used to test if histopathology and/or Ki67 index ≥1% could identify patients whose survival might be shorter than anticipated. One of the histopathological growth patterns-the solid (non-organoid) cell pattern-was correlated to shorter survival in both primary tumours and metastases, when compared with the organoid growth patterns (hazard ratio 2.9 and 2.3, p≤0.01). In 75% of primary tumours and 67% of metastases, the average Ki67 index was<0.5%. Ki67 index in 'hot spots' ranged from 0.1 to 14%. Ki67 index ≥1%, in both primary tumour and metastases, identified patients at increased risk of shorter survival (hazard ratio 5.4 and 2.5, p≤0.01). The apoptotic index was very low in all cases. We conclude that in patients with metastazising serotonin-producing carcinoids, two independent criteria, a solid growth pattern and Ki67 index ≥1%, can be used to identify patients with a poorer prognosis. This study also showed that Ki67 index <2% cannot, as previously suggested, be used to indicate a benign progression for this tumour category.
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| 20. |
- Cunningham, Janet L., et al.
(author)
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Tachykinins in endocrine tumors and the carcinoid syndrome
- 2008
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In: European Journal of Endocrinology. - 0804-4643 .- 1479-683X. ; 159:3, s. 275-282
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ObjectiveA new antibody, active against the common tachykinin (TK) C-terminal. was used to study TK expression in patients with endocrine tumors and a possible association between plasma-TK levels and symptoms of diarrhea and flush in patients with metastasizing ileocecal serotonin-producing carcinoid tumors (MSPCs).MethodTK, serotonin and chromogranin A (CgA) immunoreactivity (IR) was studied by immunohistochemistry in tissue samples from 33 midgut carcinoids and 72 other endocrine tumors. Circulating TK (P-TK) and urinary-5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid (U-5HIAA) concentrations were measured in 42 patients with MSPCs before treatment and related to symptoms in patients with the carcinoid syndrome. Circulating CgA concentrations were also measured in 39 out of the 42 patients.ResultsAll MSPCs displayed serotonin and strong TK expression. TK-IR was also seen in all serotonin-producing lung and appendix carcinoids. None of the other tumors examined contained TK-IR cells. Concentrations of P-TK, P-CgA, and U-5HIAA were elevated in patients experiencing daily episodes of either flush or diarrhea, when compared with patients experiencing occasional or none of these symptoms. In a Spearman partial rank test, the correlation of P-TK with daily diarrhea was independent of both U-5HIAA and CgA levels.ConclusionWe found that TK synthesis occurs in serotonin-IR tumors and that P-TK levels are significantly correlated with symptoms of flush and diarrhea in patients with MSPCs. This is. to our knowledge, the first report demonstrating an independent correlation of P-TKs with carcinoid diarrhea, a symptom that is customarily regarded as serotonin mediated. Further investigations may present opportunities for new therapeutic possibilities.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Ekeblad, Sara, et al.
(author)
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Co-expression of ghrelin and its receptor in pancreatic endocrine tumours
- 2007
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In: Clinical Endocrinology. - : Wiley. - 0300-0664 .- 1365-2265. ; 66:1, s. 115-122
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective Expression of ghrelin has been reported in pancreatic endocrine tumours, but data on ghrelin receptor protein expression are lacking. The aim of this study was to examine the ghrelin receptor, as well as ghrelin, in a selected series of these tumours, including multiple endocrine neoplasia 1 (MEN1) associated tumours, and to correlate data with clinical features including body mass index.Design Immunohistochemical detection of ghrelin and its receptor was performed on frozen tissue from 31 tumours: 9 MEN1 and 22 sporadic. Twenty tumours were analysed by quantitative PCR. Plasma ghrelin was assessed in 26 patients.Results Twenty-one (68%) of 31 tumours showed immunoreactivity for ghrelin (8/9 MEN1) and 19/20 expressed ghrelin mRNA. Ghrelin receptor protein was detected in 21/30 (70%) tumours (4/8 MEN1), and mRNA was detected in all analysed tumours. Insulinomas had significantly higher levels of receptor mRNA than other tumours. Five patients had elevated plasma ghrelin (> 2 SD above the control group mean). No significant difference in mean plasma ghrelin levels was found between patients (908 ± 569 ng/l) and controls (952 ± 164 ng/l). Mean BMI was 24·3 kg/m2. There was no association between ghrelin or receptor expression and survival.Conclusions We report the first immunohistochemical data on expression of the ghrelin receptor in pancreatic endocrine tumours: 70% of tumours in our material. Concomitant ghrelin and receptor expression was seen in 50% of tumours, indicating an autocrine loop. Ghrelin was expressed in 68% of tumours (8/9 MEN1). Despite frequent ghrelin expression, elevated circulating ghrelin is rare in these patients.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Galanti, M. Rosaria, et al.
(author)
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Diet and the risk of papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma : A population-based case-control study in Sweden and Norway
- 1997
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In: Cancer Causes and Control. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 8:2, s. 205-214
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A population-based case-control study was conducted in two regions of Sweden and Norway to investigate the association between dietary habits and the risk of thyroid cancer. The consumption of selected foods was reported in a self-completed food-frequency questionnaire by 246 cases with histologically confirmed papillary (n = 209) and follicular (n = 37) thyroid carcinoma, and 440 age- and gender-matched controls. Odds ratios (OR) and their 95 percent confidence interval (CI) were calculated as estimates of the relative risk using conditional logistic regression. High consumption of butter (OR = 1.6, CI = 1.1-2.5) and cheese (OR = 1.5, CI = 1.0-2.4) was associated with increased risks. Residence in areas of endemic goiter in Sweden was associated with an elevated risk, especially among women (OR = 2.5, CI = 1.3-4.9). High consumption of cruciferous vegetables was associated with increased risk only in persons who ever lived in such areas. A decreased risk was associated with consumption of iodized salt in northern Norway, and with use of iodized salt during adolescence among women (OR = 0.6, CI = 0.6-1.0). The results of this study suggest a role of diet and environment in the risk of thyroid cancer.
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