| 1. |
- Andersen, Vibeke, et al.
(författare)
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Fibre intake and the development of inflammatory bowel disease : A European prospective multi-centre cohort study (EPIC-IBD)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Crohn's & Colitis. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 1873-9946 .- 1876-4479. ; 12:2, s. 129-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aims: Population-based prospective cohort studies investigating fibre intake and development of inflammatory bowel disease are lacking. Our aim was to investigate the association between fibre intake and the development of Crohn's disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC] in a large European population.Methods: In total, 401 326 participants, aged 20-80 years, were recruited in eight countries in Europe between 1991 and 1998. At baseline, fibre intake [total fibres, fibres from fruit, vegetables and cereals] was recorded using food frequency questionnaires. The cohort was monitored for the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Each case was matched with four controls and odds ratios [ORs] for the exposures were calculated using conditional logistic regression. Sensitivity analyses according to smoking status were computed.Results: In total, 104 and 221 participants developed incident CD and UC, respectively. For both CD and UC, there were no statistically significant associations with either quartiles, or trends across quartiles, for total fibre or any of the individual sources. The associations were not affected by adjusting for smoking and energy intake. Stratification according to smoking status showed null findings apart from an inverse association with cereal fibre and CD in non-smokers [Quartile 4 vs 1 OR = 0.12, 95% confidence interval = 0.02-0.75, p = 0.023, OR trend across quartiles = 0.50, 95% confidence interval = 0.29-0.86, p = 0.017].Conclusion: The results do not support the hypothesis that dietary fibre is involved in the aetiology of UC, although future work should investigate whether there may be a protective effect of specific types of fibre according to smoking status in CD.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Jan-Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Improved energy efficiency in juice production through waste heat recycling
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Conference on Applied Energy, ICAE 2013.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The global demand for Nordic wild berries has increased steadily, partly due to their healthy properties and their good taste. Juice concentrate is produced by pressing berries and heating up the juice. The by-products are berry skins and seeds. Traditionally, the by-products have been composted. Higher competiveness can be achieved by decreasing the production cost and increasing the product values. The berry skins and seeds have a commercial value since they are rich in vitamins and nutrients. To use and sell these by-products, they need to be separated from each other and dried to a moisture content of less than 10 %wt. A berry juice industry in the north of Sweden has been studied in order to increase the energy and resource efficiency and optimize the quality and yield of different berry fractions. This was done by means of process integration with thermodynamics and psychrometry along with measurements of the berry juice production processes. Our calculations show that the drying system could be operated at full without any external heat supply. This could be achieved by increasing the efficiency of the dryer by recirculating 80 % of the drying air and by heating the air with heat from the flue gases from the industrial boiler. This change would decrease the need for heat in the dryer with about 64 %. The total heat use for the plant could thereby be decreased from 1204 kW to 1039 kW. The proposed changes could be done without compromising the production quality or the lead time.
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| 3. |
- Bain, C. C., et al.
(författare)
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Resident and pro-inflammatory macrophages in the colon represent alternative context-dependent fates of the same Ly6C(hi) monocyte precursors
- 2013
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Ingår i: Mucosal Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1933-0219. ; 6:3, s. 498-510
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Macrophages (m phi) are essential for intestinal homeostasis and the pathology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but it is unclear whether discrete m phi populations carry out these distinct functions or if resident m phi change during inflammation. We show here that most resident m phi in resting mouse colon express very high levels of CX3CR1, are avidly phagocytic and MHCII hi, but are resistant to Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation, produce interleukin 10 constitutively, and express CD163 and CD206. A smaller population of CX3CR1(int) cells is present in resting colon and it expands during experimental colitis. Ly6C(hi) CCR2(+) monocytes can give rise to all m phi subsets in both healthy and inflamed colon and we show that the CX3CR1int pool represents a continuum in which newly arrived, recently divided monocytes develop into resident CX3CR1 hi m phi. This process is arrested during experimental colitis, resulting in the accumulation of TLR-responsive pro-inflammatory m phi. Phenotypic analysis of human intestinal m phi indicates that analogous processes occur in the normal and Crohn's disease ileum. These studies show for the first time that resident and inflammatory m phi in the intestine represent alternative differentiation outcomes of the same precursor and targeting these events could offer routes for therapeutic intervention in IBD.
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| 4. |
- Bergqvist, Viktoria, et al.
(författare)
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Switching from originator infliximab to the biosimilar CT-P13 in 313 patients with inflammatory bowel disease
- 2018
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Ingår i: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1756-283X .- 1756-2848. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: As the patents of originator biologics are expiring, biosimilar versions are becoming available for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, published switch studies of the first infliximab biosimilar, CT-P13, have delivered ambiguous results that could be interpreted as showing a trend towards inferior effectiveness in Crohn's disease (CD) compared with ulcerative colitis (UC). The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of switching IBD patients from treatment with Remicade to CT-P13.METHODS: In this prospective observational cohort study, all adult IBD patients on Remicade treatment, at four hospitals, were switched to CT-P13. The primary endpoint was change in clinical disease activity at 2, 6, and 12 months after the switch. Secondary endpoints were subgroup analyses of patients with and without concomitant immunomodulators; changes in biomarkers, quality of life, drug trough levels and anti-drug antibodies (ADAbs); and adverse events.RESULTS: A total of 313 IBD patients were switched (195 CD; 118 UC). There were no significant changes in clinical disease activity, quality of life, biomarkers (except a small but significant increase in albumin in CD) including F-calprotectin, drug trough levels, or proportion of patients in remission. Disease worsening rates were 14.0% for CD and 13.8% for UC; and 2.7% developed ADAbs and 2.2% developed serious adverse events.CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest study of switched IBD patients published to date, and it demonstrates that switching from Remicade to CT-P13 may be done with preserved therapeutic effectiveness and safety in both CD and UC.
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| 5. |
- Bröms, Gabriella, et al.
(författare)
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Capturing biologic treatment for IBD in the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register and the Swedish National Patient Register–a validation study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 56:4, s. 410-421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is not known to what extent biologic treatment for IBD is captured in the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register (PDR) and the National Patient Register (NPR). Methods: A cross-sectional study from July 2005 until 2017, comparing data on biologic treatment in the PDR and the NPR with medical records. We assessed the proportion of started treatment episodes in the medical records that were found in the PDR/NPR ever, within +/− one year and within +/− three months; for any biologic drug, per specific drug (infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab, vedolizumab, ustekinumab), by calendar period (2005–2008, 2009–2012, and 2013–2017) and by study center. For adalimumab, we assessed the validity of end of treatment episodes. Results: Medical records of 1361 patients and 2323 treatment episodes with any biologic were reviewed and 80.1% (95% CI: 78.4–81.7) were ever captured in the PDR/NPR in. A time window of +/− one year or +/− three months reduced the sensitivity to 63.3% (95% CI: 61.3–65.3) and 52.6% (95% CI: 50.5–54.6), respectively. The sensitivity was high (>85%) for the prescribed injection drugs adalimumab, golimumab, and ustekinumab for all time windows and for adalimumab end of treatment, while considerably lower for the infusion drugs infliximab and vedolizumab. Conclusions: The PDR and the NPR are reliable data sources on treatment with injection biologics in patients with IBD in Sweden. Infliximab and vedolizumab are poorly captured, why PDR/NPR data should only be used after careful consideration of their limitations or complemented by other data sources, e.g., the disease-specific quality register SWIBREG.
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| 6. |
- Chan, SSM, et al.
(författare)
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Association between high dietary intake of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid and reduced risk of Crohn's disease
- 2014
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Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 39:8, s. 834-842
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background There are plausible mechanisms for how dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, could prevent Crohn's disease (CD).Aim To conduct a prospective study to investigate the association between increased intake of DHA and risk of CD.Methods Overall, 229702 participants were recruited from nine European centres between 1991 and 1998. At recruitment, dietary intakes of DHA and fatty acids were measured using validated food frequency questionnaires. The cohort was monitored through to June 2004 to identify participants who developed incident CD. In a nested case-control analysis, each case was matched with four controls; odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for quintiles of DHA intake, adjusted for total energy intake, smoking, other dietary fatty acids, dietary vitamin D and body mass index.Results Seventy-three participants developed incident CD. All higher quintiles of DHA intake were inversely associated with development of CD; the highest quintile had the greatest effect size (OR=0.07; 95% CI=0.02-0.81). The OR trend across quintiles of DHA was 0.54 (95% CI=0.30-0.99, P-trend=0.04). Including BMI in the multivariate analysis, due to its correlation with dietary fat showed similar associations. There were no associations with the other dietary fatty acids studied.Conclusion There were inverse associations, with a biological gradient between increasing dietary docosahexaenoic acid intakes and incident Crohn's disease. Further studies in other populations should measure docosahexaenoic acid to determine if the association is consistent and the hypothesis tested in randomised controlled trials of purely docosahexaenoic acid supplementation.
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| 7. |
- Chan, Simon S. M., et al.
(författare)
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Body Mass Index and the Risk for Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis : Data From a European Prospective Cohort Study (The IBD in EPIC Study)
- 2013
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Ingår i: American Journal of Gastroenterology. - New York, NY, USA : Nature Publishing Group. - 0002-9270 .- 1572-0241. ; 108:4, s. 575-582
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Obesity is associated with a proinflammatory state that may be involved in the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), for which there are plausible biological mechanisms. Our aim was to perform the first prospective cohort study investigating if there is an association between obesity and the development of incident IBD. METHODS: A total of 300,724 participants were recruited into the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. At recruitment, anthropometric measurements of height and weight plus physical activity and total energy intake from validated questionnaires were recorded. The cohort was monitored identifying participants who developed either Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). Each case was matched with four controls and conditional logistic regression used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for body mass index (BMI) adjusted for smoking, energy intake, and physical activity. RESULTS: In the cohort, 177 participants developed incident UC and 75 participants developed incident CD. There were no associations with the four higher categories of BMI compared with a normal BMI for UC (P-trend = 0.36) or CD (P-trend = 0.83). The lack of associations was consistent when BMI was analyzed as a continuous or binary variable (BMI 18.5 <25.0 vs. >= 25 kg/m(2)). Physical activity and total energy intake, factors that influence BMI, did not show any association with UC (physical activity, P-trend = 0.79; total energy intake, P-trend = 0.18) or CD (physical activity, P-trend = 0.42; total energy, P-trend = 0.11). CONCLUSIONS: Obesity as measured by BMI is not associated with the development of incident UC or CD. Alternative measures of obesity are required to further investigate the role of obesity in the development of incident IBD.
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| 8. |
- Chan, Simon S. M., et al.
(författare)
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Carbohydrate Intake in the Etiology of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis
- 2014
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Ingår i: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1078-0998 .- 1536-4844. ; 20:11, s. 2013-2021
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Diet may have a role in the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease. In previous studies, the associations between increased intakes of carbohydrates, sugar, starch, and inflammatory bowel disease are inconsistent. However, few prospective studies have investigated the associations between these macronutrients and incident Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods: A total of 401,326 men and women were recruited between 1991 and 1998. At recruitment, dietary intakes of carbohydrate, sugar, and starch were measured using validated food frequency questionnaires. The cohort was monitored identifying participants who developed incident CD or UC. Cases were matched with 4 controls, and odds ratios were calculated for quintiles of total carbohydrate, sugar, and starch intakes adjusted for total energy intake, body mass index, and smoking. Results: One hundred ten participants developed CD, and 244 participants developed UC during follow-up. The adjusted odds ratio for the highest versus the lowest quintiles of total carbohydrate intake for CD was 0.87, 95% CI = 0.24 to 3.12 and for UC 1.46, 95% CI = 0.62 to 3.46, with no significant trends across quintiles for either (CD, P-trend = 0.70; UC, P-trend = 0.41). Similarly, no associations were observed with intakes of total sugar (CD, P-trend = 0.50; UC, P-trend = 0.71) or starch (CD, P-trend = 0.69; UC, P-trend = 0.17). Conclusions: The lack of associations with these nutrients is in agreement with many case-control studies that have not identified associations with CD or UC. As there is biological plausibility for how specific carbohydrates could have an etiological role in inflammatory bowel disease, future epidemiological work should assess individual carbohydrates, although there does not seem to be a macronutrient effect.
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| 9. |
- Chan, Simon S. M., et al.
(författare)
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Obesity is Associated With Increased Risk of Crohn's disease, but not Ulcerative Colitis : A Pooled Analysis of Five Prospective Cohort Studies
- 2022
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Ingår i: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. - : Elsevier. - 1542-3565 .- 1542-7714. ; 20:5, s. 1048-1058
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: It is unclear whether obesity is associated with the development of inflammatory bowel disease despite compelling data from basic science studies. We therefore examined the association between obesity and risk of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).METHODS: We conducted pooled analyses of 5 prospective cohorts with validated anthropometric measurements for body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio and other lifestyle factors. Diagnoses of CD and UC were confirmed through medical records or ascertained using validated definitions. We used Cox proportional hazards modeling to calculate pooled multivariable-adjusted HRs (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).RESULTS: Among 601,009 participants (age range, 18-98 years) with 10,110,018 person-years of follow-up, we confirmed 563 incident cases of CD and 1047 incident cases of UC. Obesity (baseline BMI >= 30 kg/m(2)) was associated with an increased risk of CD (pooled aHR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.05-1.71, I-2 = 0%) compared with normal BMI (18.5 to <25 kg/m(2)). Each 5 kg/m(2) increment in baseline BMI was associated with a 16% increase in risk of CD (pooled aHR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.05-1.22; I-2 = 0%). Similarly, with each 5 kg/m(2) increment in early adulthood BMI (age, 18-20 years), there was a 22% increase in risk of CD (pooled aHR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.05-1.40; I-2 = 13.6%). An increase in waist-hip ratio was associated with an increased risk of CD that did not reach statistical significance (pooled aHR across quartiles, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.97-1.19; I-2 = 0%). No associations were observed between measures of obesity and risk of UC.CONCLUSIONS: In an adult population, obesity as measured by BMI was associated with an increased risk of older-onset CD but not UC.
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| 10. |
- Eberhardson, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Tumour necrosis factor inhibitors in Crohn's disease and the effect on surgery rates
- 2022
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Ingår i: Colorectal Disease. - : Wiley. - 1462-8910 .- 1463-1318. ; 24:4, s. 470-483
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Surgery is an important therapeutic option for Crohn's disease. The need for first bowel surgery seems to have decreased with the introduction of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi; adalimumab or infliximab). However, the impact of TNFi on the need for intestinal surgery in Crohn's disease patients irrespective of prior bowel resection is not known. The aim of this work is to compare the incidence of bowel surgery in Crohn's disease patients who remain on TNFi treatment versus those who discontinue it. Method: We performed a nationwide register-based observational cohort study in Sweden of all incident and prevalent cases of Crohn's disease who started first-line TNFi treatment between 2006 and 2017. Patients were categorized according to TNFi treatment retention less than or beyond 1 year. The study cohort was evaluated with regard to incidence of bowel surgery from 12 months after the first ever TNFi dispensation. Results: We identified 5003 Crohn's disease patients with TNFi exposure: 3748 surgery naïve and 1255 with bowel surgery prior to TNFi initiation. Of these patients, 7% (n = 353) were subjected to abdominal surgery during the first 12 months after the start of TNFi and were subsequently excluded from the main analysis. A majority (62%) continued TNFi for 12 months or more. Treatment with TNFi for less than 12 months was associated with a significantly higher surgery rate compared with patients who continued on TNFi for 12 months or more (hazard ratio 1.26, 95% CI 1.09–1.46; p = 0.002). Conclusion: Treatment with TNFi for less than 12 months was associated with a higher risk of bowel surgery in Crohn's disease patients compared with those who continued TNFi for 12 months or more.
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| 11. |
- Eriksson, Carl, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical effectiveness of golimumab in ulcerative colitis : a prospective multicentre study based on the Swedish IBD Quality Register, SWIBREG
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 56:11, s. 1304-1311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Clinical trials demonstrated that golimumab is effective in anti-TNF naïve patients with ulcerative colitis. We aimed to assess the clinical effectiveness of golimumab in a real-world setting. Materials and methods: This was a prospective cohort study, conducted at 16 Swedish hospitals. Data were collected using an electronic case report form. Patients with active ulcerative colitis, defined as Mayo endoscopic subscore ≥2 were eligible for inclusion. The primary outcomes were clinical effectiveness at 12 weeks and 52 weeks, i.e. response (defined as a decrease in Mayo score by ≥3 points or 30% from baseline) and remission (defined as a Mayo score of ≤2 with no individual subscores >1). Results: Fifty patients were included. At study entry, 70% were previously exposed to anti-TNF, 16% to vedolizumab, and 96% to immunomodulators. The 12 and 52-week drug continuation rates were 37/50 (74%) and 23/50 (46%), respectively. The 12-week response rate was 14/50 (28%), the remission rate, 8/50 (16%) and the corresponding figures at week 52 were 13/50 (26%) and 10/50 (20%). Among patients who continued golimumab, the median Mayo score decreased from 7 (6–9) at baseline to 1 (0–5) at 52 weeks (p <.01) and the faecal calprotectin decreased from 862 (335–1759) µg/g to 90 (34–169) µg/g (p <.01). Clinical response at week 12 was highly predictive of clinical remission at week 52 (adjusted OR: 73.1; 95% CI: 4.5‒1188.9). Conclusions: The majority of golimumab treated patients represented a treatment refractory patient-group. Despite this, our results confirm that golimumab is an effective therapy in ulcerative colitis.
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| 12. |
- Eriksson, Carl, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Real-world effectiveness of vedolizumab in inflammatory bowel disease : week 52 results from the Swedish prospective multicentre SVEAH study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology. - : Sage Publications. - 1756-283X .- 1756-2848. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Prospectively and systematically collected real-world data on vedolizumab are scarce. We aimed to assess the long-term clinical effectiveness of vedolizumab in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Methods: This study was a prospective, observational, multicentre study. Overall, 286 patients with active IBD were included (Crohn's disease, n = 169; ulcerative colitis, n = 117). The primary outcomes were clinical response at week 12 and clinical remission at week 52, based on the Harvey Bradshaw Index and the partial Mayo Clinic score. Secondary outcomes included clinical remission at week 12, clinical response at week 52, corticosteroid-free clinical remission at week 52, changes in biochemical measures, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).Results: At baseline, 88% of the patients were exposed to anti-TNF and 41% of the patients with Crohn's disease had undergone ⩾1 surgical resection. At week 12, clinical response was 27% and remission 47% in Crohn's disease; corresponding figures in ulcerative colitis were 52% and 34%. Clinical response, remission and corticosteroid-free remission at week 52 were 22%, 41% and 40% in Crohn's disease and 49%, 47% and 46% in ulcerative colitis, respectively. A statistically significant decrease in median faecal-calprotectin and C-reactive protein was observed at 12 and 52 weeks in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The HRQoL measures Short Health Scale and EuroQol 5-Dimensions improved in both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients (p < 0.001). Clinical disease activity at baseline was inversely associated with clinical remission at week 52.Conclusion: Vedolizumab proved effective for the treatment of refractory IBD in clinical practice.
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| 13. |
- Gren, Susanne T, et al.
(författare)
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A Single-Cell Gene-Expression Profile Reveals Inter-Cellular Heterogeneity within Human Monocyte Subsets.
- 2015
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human monocytes are a heterogeneous cell population classified into three different subsets: Classical CD14++CD16-, intermediate CD14++CD16+, and non-classical CD14+CD16++ monocytes. These subsets are distinguished by their differential expression of CD14 and CD16, and unique gene expression profile. So far, the variation in inter-cellular gene expression within the monocyte subsets is largely unknown. In this study, the cellular variation within each human monocyte subset from a single healthy donor was described by using a novel single-cell PCR gene-expression analysis tool. We investigated 86 different genes mainly encoding cell surface markers, and proteins involved in immune regulation. Within the three human monocyte subsets, our descriptive findings show multimodal expression of key immune response genes, such as CD40, NFⱪB1, RELA, TLR4, TLR8 and TLR9. Furthermore, we discovered one subgroup of cells within the classical monocytes, which showed alterations of 22 genes e.g. IRF8, CD40, CSF1R, NFⱪB1, RELA and TNF. Additionally one subgroup within the intermediate and non-classical monocytes also displayed distinct gene signatures by altered expression of 8 and 6 genes, respectively. Hence the three monocyte subsets can be further subdivided according to activation status and differentiation, independently of the traditional classification based on cell surface markers. Demonstrating the use and the ability to discover cell heterogeneity within defined populations of human monocytes is of great importance, and can be useful in unravelling inter-cellular variation in leukocyte populations, identifying subpopulations involved in disease pathogenesis and help tailor new therapies.
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| 14. |
- Gren, Susanne T, et al.
(författare)
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Role of Monocytes and Intestinal Macrophages in Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. - 1078-0998. ; 22:8, s. 1992-1998
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Monocytes and macrophages are part of the body's first line of defence, eliminating pathogens by phagocytosis or by releasing a broad array of inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines, and proteases. In humans, 3 subsets of monocytes are described in blood with seemingly different functions, the classical (CD14 + + CD16 -) monocytes, the intermediate (CD14 + + CD16 +) monocytes, and the nonclassical (CD14 + CD16 + +) monocytes. In the intestine, macrophages can be divided into resident and inflammatory macrophages that are distinguished by low and high expression of CD14, respectively. However, the roles and function of the 3 monocyte subsets in health and disease are not fully understood. In this review, we describe what is known about the origin of human intestinal macrophages and their blood monocytic counterparts and many of their numerous distinct mechanisms influencing the intestinal immune system.
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| 15. |
- Grip, Carl-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Applications of HSLA steels for beams and small flats
- 1984
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Ingår i: HSLA steels technology & [and] applications. - Metals Park, Ohio : ASM International. - 087170191X ; , s. 1115-1127
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The metallurgy of these steels is discussed. User problems and solutions are discussed for steel construction, the automotive industry, shipbuilding, offshore and the workshop industry. Optimum strength with respect to plastic deformation, deflection, instability and fatigue is discussed. Some examples of optimal designs are given.
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| 16. |
- Grip, Carl-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of thermal stratification and emptying flow in ladles by continuous temperature measurement and tracer addition
- 1996
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Ingår i: ISIJ International. - 0915-1559 .- 1347-5460. ; 36:Supplement, s. S211-S214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- If we want to control and predict the temperature of steel in the tundish we must know the thermal stratification in the ladle before and during casting, as well as the interaction with the steel flow through the nozzle. A group project, with participation of SSAB (Luleå and Oxelo̊sund), Luleå University and MEFOS, has been carried out to study these phenomenon. The stratification in the ladle was measured by thermo-couples penetrating into the melt at different levels. Such measurements were carried out before and during casting. To get information about the drainage flow, studies were made with tracer elements added at different points in the ladle. The response, defined as the tracer concentration in the outlet stream from the ladle, was measured by frequent sampling. Model work by numerical simulation and with tanks in series is discussed briefly.
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| 17. |
- Grip, Carl Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical prediction and experimental verification of thermal stratification during holding in pilot plant and production ladles
- 1999
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Ingår i: ISIJ International. - : Iron and Steel Institute of Japan. - 0915-1559 .- 1347-5460. ; 39:7, s. 715-721
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A 3-dimensional CFD-model has been developed to simulate the natural convection flow in ladles. Qualified measurements of temperature and velocities in 107 and 7 tonne ladles have been made to verify the model. The downward convection flow at the ladle wall has been studied using radioactive isotopes and the thermal stratification has been studied by means of continuous temperature measurements. The experimental techniques are complex and additional numerical simulations have been carried out to study the effect of the measurement technique on the measurement error. The result indicates that the measurements are of sufficient accuracy for the validation. The measurements are compared to predictions from the numerical model. The main conclusion is that the theoretical CFD model gives a very accurate estimation of the temperature distribution during holding.
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| 18. |
- Grip, Carl-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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The development and use of high temperature models for the simulation of the Bosh in the blast furnace : Part I
- 1976
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of metallurgy. - 0371-0459 .- 1600-0692. ; 5:6, s. 239-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This report describes the development and use of a high temperature model for the simulation of the bosh in the blast furnace. As an illustration of the application of the model there follows a discussion on the influence of coke rate and coke size on the softening and permeability of a burden of pellets in the bosh, based on trials made with the model. The results indicate that the coke rate can have a critical influence on the pressure drop through the burden. With coke rates of 300 kg/ton hot metal (and less) an unacceptable pressure drop occurs. In addition the pressure drop, at a given temperature for a given coke rate, increases as the size of the coke decreases.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Grip, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Atorvastatin activates PPAR-gamma and attenuates the inflammatory response in human monocytes.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Inflammation Research. - 1420-908X. ; 51:2, s. 58-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate the ability of statins to activate the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) in primary human monocytes in culture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human peripheral monocytes were incubated with atorvastatin (0.1-10 micromol/1) for up to 24 hours. PPAR-gamma expression was analysed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and oxygen consumption was determined polarographically with a Clark-type oxygen electrode. RESULTS: We found that atorvastatin activates PPAR-gamma and inhibits the production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha up to 38% (p < 0.05), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 up to 85% (p < 0.05), and gelatinase B up to 73% (p < 0.05), in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, atorvastatin shows concentration-dependent inhibition of cellular oxygen consumption up to 41%. CONCLUSIONS: These findings contribute to the growing knowledge of the anti-inflammatory effects of statins, and have led us to the suggestion that statins may control inflammatory responses by the regulation of intracellular lipid homeostasis.
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| 21. |
- Grip, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Atorvastatin activates PPAR-γ and attenuates the inflammatory response in human monocytes
- 2002
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Ingår i: Inflammation Research. - 1023-3830. ; 51:2, s. 58-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the ability of statins to activate the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) in primary human monocytes in culture. Materials and methods: Human peripheral monocytes were incubated with atorvastatin (0.1-10 μmol/1) for up to 24 hours. PPAR-γ expression was analysed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and oxygen consumption was determined polarographically with a Clark-type oxygen electrode. Results: We found that atorvastatin activates PPAR-γ and inhibits the production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha up to 38% (p < 0.05), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 up to 85% (p < 0.05), and gelatinase B up to 73% (p < 0.05), in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, atorvastatin shows concentration-dependent inhibition of cellular oxygen consumption up to 41%. Conclusions: These findings contribute to the growing knowledge of the anti-inflammatory effects of statins, and have led us to the suggestion that statins may control inflammatory responses by the regulation of intracellular lipid homeostasis.
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| 22. |
- Grip, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Atorvastatin reduces plasma levels of chemokine (CXCL10) in patients with Crohn's disease.
- 2009
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 4:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In Crohn's disease high tissue expression and serum levels of chemokines and their receptors are known to correlate with disease activity. Because statins can reduce chemokine expression in patients with coronary diseases, we wanted to test whether this can be achieved in patients with Crohn's disease. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We investigated plasma levels of chemokines (CCL2, CCL4, CCL11, CCL13, CCL17, CCL22, CCL26, CXCL8, CXCL10) and endothelial cytokines (sP-selectin, sE-selectin, sICAM-3, thrombomodulin) in ten Crohn's disease patients before and after thirteen weeks' daily treatment with 80 mg atorvastatin. Of the 13 substances investigated, only CXCL10 was found to be significantly reduced (by 34%, p = 0.026) in all of the treated patients. Levels of CXCL10 correlated with C-reactive protein (r = 0.82, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: CXCL10 is a ligand for the CXCR3 receptor, the activation of which results in the recruitment of T lymphocytes and the perpetuation of mucosal inflammation. Hence the reduction of plasma CXCL10 levels by atorvastatin may represent a candidate for an approach to the treatment of Crohns disease in the future. TRIAL REGISTRATION: (ClinicalTrials.gov) NCT00454545.
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| 23. |
- Grip, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Circulating monocytes and plasma inflammatory biomarkers in active Crohn's disease : Elevated oxidized low-density lipoprotein and the anti-inflammatory effect of artorvastatin
- 2004
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Ingår i: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1078-0998 .- 1536-4844. ; 10:3, s. 193-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated inflammatory biomarkers in plasma and in circulating monocytes obtained from patients with Crohn's disease and healthy individuals. Additionally, we assessed the effects of atorvastatin, 10 μM, ex vivo on monocytes cultured for 18 hours from the same subjects. Plasma and blood monocytes from eight patients with active Crohn's disease and eight healthy individuals were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent and electrophoretic mobility assays. Patients with active Crohn's disease had increased plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (7.7-fold;p < 0.05), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 (1.3-fold; p < 0.05), and oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) (1.2-fold; p < 0.05). Monocytes from patients with Crohn's disease showed enhanced secretion of MCP-1 (4.8-fold; p < 0.05) and a markedly suppressed secretion of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) (93%; p < 0.001). Transcriptional activation of nuclear factor-kappaB did not differ between the groups. Treating monocytes with atorvastatin resulted in the suppression of MCP-1 (42%; p < 0.05) and TNF-α (45%; p < 0.05) secretion. These results show increased levels of certain proinflammatory biomarkers, including oxLDL, in plasma and indicate that peripheral blood monocytes in active Crohn's disease are sensitized to chemotaxis. Treatment with atorvastatin may be a potential strategy to reduce oxLDL and inhibit monocyte migration to inflamed tissue, thus attenuating the inflammatory response.
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