| 1. |
- Niemi, MEK, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Aghanim, N., et al.
(författare)
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Planck intermediate results XLIV. Structure of the Galactic magnetic field from dust polarization maps of the southern Galactic cap
- 2016
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 596
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using data from the Planck satellite, we study the statistical properties of interstellar dust polarization at high Galactic latitudes around the south pole (b < -60 degrees). Our aim is to advance the understanding of the magnetized interstellar medium (ISM), and to provide a modelling framework of the polarized dust foreground for use in cosmic microwave background (CMB) component-separation procedures. We examine the Stokes I, Q, and U maps at 353 GHz, and particularly the statistical distribution of the polarization fraction (p) and angle (Psi), in order to characterize the ordered and turbulent components of the Galactic magnetic field (GMF) in the solar neighbourhood. The Q and U maps show patterns at large angular scales, which we relate to the mean orientation of the GMF towards Galactic coordinates (l(0); b(0)) = (70 degrees +/- 5 degrees, 24 degrees +/- 5 degrees). The histogram of the observed p values shows a wide dispersion up to 25%. The histogram Psi of has a standard deviation of 12 degrees about the regular pattern expected from the ordered GMF. We build a phenomenological model that connects the distributions of p and Psi to a statistical description of the turbulent component of the GMF, assuming a uniform effective polarization fraction (p(0)) of dust emission. To compute the Stokes parameters, we approximate the integration along the line of sight (LOS) as a sum over a set of N independent polarization layers, in each of which the turbulent component of the GMF is obtained from Gaussian realizations of a power-law power spectrum. We are able to reproduce the observed p and distributions using a p0 value of 26%, a ratio of 0.9 between the strengths of the turbulent and mean components of the GMF, and a small value of N. The mean value of p (inferred from the fit of the large-scale patterns in the Stokes maps) is 12 +/- 1%. We relate the polarization layers to the density structure and to the correlation length of the GMF along the LOS. We emphasize the simplicity of our model (involving only a few parameters), which can be easily computed on the celestial sphere to produce simulated maps of dust polarization. Our work is an important step towards a model that can be used to assess the accuracy of component-separation methods in present and future CMB experiments designed to search the B mode CMB polarization from primordial gravity waves.
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| 4. |
- Aghanim, N., et al.
(författare)
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Planck 2018 results XII. Galactic astrophysics using polarized dust emission
- 2020
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 641
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Observations of the submillimetre emission from Galactic dust, in both total intensity I and polarization, have received tremendous interest thanks to the Planck full-sky maps. In this paper we make use of such full-sky maps of dust polarized emission produced from the third public release of Planck data. As the basis for expanding on astrophysical studies of the polarized thermal emission from Galactic dust, we present full-sky maps of the dust polarization fraction p, polarization angle psi, and dispersion function of polarization angles ?. The joint distribution (one-point statistics) of p and N-H confirms that the mean and maximum polarization fractions decrease with increasing N-H. The uncertainty on the maximum observed polarization fraction, (max) = 22.0(-1.4)(+3.5) p max = 22 . 0 - 1.4 + 3.5 % at 353 GHz and 80 ' resolution, is dominated by the uncertainty on the Galactic emission zero level in total intensity, in particular towards diffuse lines of sight at high Galactic latitudes. Furthermore, the inverse behaviour between p and ? found earlier is seen to be present at high latitudes. This follows the ?proportional to p(-1) relationship expected from models of the polarized sky (including numerical simulations of magnetohydrodynamical turbulence) that include effects from only the topology of the turbulent magnetic field, but otherwise have uniform alignment and dust properties. Thus, the statistical properties of p, psi, and ? for the most part reflect the structure of the Galactic magnetic field. Nevertheless, we search for potential signatures of varying grain alignment and dust properties. First, we analyse the product map ?xp, looking for residual trends. While the polarization fraction p decreases by a factor of 3-4 between N-H=10(20) cm(-2) and N-H=2x10(22) cm(-2), out of the Galactic plane, this product ?xp only decreases by about 25%. Because ? is independent of the grain alignment efficiency, this demonstrates that the systematic decrease in p with N-H is determined mostly by the magnetic-field structure and not by a drop in grain alignment. This systematic trend is observed both in the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) and in molecular clouds of the Gould Belt. Second, we look for a dependence of polarization properties on the dust temperature, as we would expect from the radiative alignment torque (RAT) theory. We find no systematic trend of ?xp with the dust temperature T-d, whether in the diffuse ISM or in the molecular clouds of the Gould Belt. In the diffuse ISM, lines of sight with high polarization fraction p and low polarization angle dispersion ? tend, on the contrary, to have colder dust than lines of sight with low p and high ?. We also compare the Planck thermal dust polarization with starlight polarization data in the visible at high Galactic latitudes. The agreement in polarization angles is remarkable, and is consistent with what we expect from the noise and the observed dispersion of polarization angles in the visible on the scale of the Planck beam. The two polarization emission-to-extinction ratios, R-P/p and R-S/V, which primarily characterize dust optical properties, have only a weak dependence on the column density, and converge towards the values previously determined for translucent lines of sight. We also determine an upper limit for the polarization fraction in extinction, p(V)/E(B-V), of 13% at high Galactic latitude, compatible with the polarization fraction p approximate to 20% observed at 353 GHz. Taken together, these results provide strong constraints for models of Galactic dust in diffuse gas.
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| 5. |
- Akrami, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Planck 2018 results : XI. Polarized dust foregrounds
- 2020
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP SCIENCES S A. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 641
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study of polarized dust emission has become entwined with the analysis of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization in the quest for the curl-like B-mode polarization from primordial gravitational waves and the low-multipole E-mode polarization associated with the reionization of the Universe. We used the new Planck PR3 maps to characterize Galactic dust emission at high latitudes as a foreground to the CMB polarization and use end-to-end simulations to compute uncertainties and assess the statistical significance of our measurements. We present PlanckEE, BB, and TE power spectra of dust polarization at 353 GHz for a set of six nested high-Galactic-latitude sky regions covering from 24 to 71% of the sky. We present power-law fits to the angular power spectra, yielding evidence for statistically significant variations of the exponents over sky regions and a difference between the values for the EE and BB spectra, which for the largest sky region are alpha (EE)=-2.42 +/- 0.02 and alpha (BB)=-2.54 +/- 0.02, respectively. The spectra show that the TE correlation and E/B power asymmetry discovered by Planck extend to low multipoles that were not included in earlier Planck polarization papers due to residual data systematics. We also report evidence for a positive TB dust signal. Combining data from Planck and WMAP, we have determined the amplitudes and spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of polarized foregrounds, including the correlation between dust and synchrotron polarized emission, for the six sky regions as a function of multipole. This quantifies the challenge of the component-separation procedure that is required for measuring the low-l reionization CMB E-mode signal and detecting the reionization and recombination peaks of primordial CMB B modes. The SED of polarized dust emission is fit well by a single-temperature modified black-body emission law from 353 GHz to below 70 GHz. For a dust temperature of 19.6 K, the mean dust spectral index for dust polarization is beta (P)(d) = 1.53 +/- 0.02 beta d P = 1.53 +/- 0.02 . The difference between indices for polarization and total intensity is beta (P)(d)-beta (I)(d) = 0.05 +/- 0.03 beta d P - beta d I =0.05 +/- 0.03 . By fitting multi-frequency cross-spectra between Planck data at 100, 143, 217, and 353 GHz, we examine the correlation of the dust polarization maps across frequency. We find no evidence for a loss of correlation and provide lower limits to the correlation ratio that are tighter than values we derive from the correlation of the 217- and 353 GHz maps alone. If the Planck limit on decorrelation for the largest sky region applies to the smaller sky regions observed by sub-orbital experiments, then frequency decorrelation of dust polarization might not be a problem for CMB experiments aiming at a primordial B-mode detection limit on the tensor-to-scalar ratio r similar or equal to 0.01 at the recombination peak. However, the Planck sensitivity precludes identifying how difficult the component-separation problem will be for more ambitious experiments targeting lower limits on r.
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| 6. |
- André, Ph., et al.
(författare)
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Probing the cold magnetised Universe with SPICA-POL (B-BOP)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Publications Astronomical Society of Australia. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1323-3580 .- 1448-6083. ; 36
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Space Infrared Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics (SPICA), the cryogenic infrared space telescope recently pre-selected for a 'Phase A' concept study as one of the three remaining candidates for European Space Agency (ESA's) fifth medium class (M5) mission, is foreseen to include a far-infrared polarimetric imager [SPICA-POL, now called B-fields with BOlometers and Polarizers (B-BOP)], which would offer a unique opportunity to resolve major issues in our understanding of the nearby, cold magnetised Universe. This paper presents an overview of the main science drivers for B-BOP, including high dynamic range polarimetric imaging of the cold interstellar medium (ISM) in both our Milky Way and nearby galaxies. Thanks to a cooled telescope, B-BOP will deliver wide-field 100-350 mu m images of linearly polarised dust emission in Stokes Q and U with a resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, and both intensity and spatial dynamic ranges comparable to those achieved by Herschel images of the cold ISM in total intensity (Stokes I). The B-BOP 200 mu m images will also have a factor similar to 30 higher resolution than Planck polarisation data. This will make B-BOP a unique tool for characterising the statistical properties of the magnetised ISM and probing the role of magnetic fields in the formation and evolution of the interstellar web of dusty molecular filaments giving birth to most stars in our Galaxy. B-BOP will also be a powerful instrument for studying the magnetism of nearby galaxies and testing Galactic dynamo models, constraining the physics of dust grain alignment, informing the problem of the interaction of cosmic rays with molecular clouds, tracing magnetic fields in the inner layers of protoplanetary disks, and monitoring accretion bursts in embedded protostars.
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| 7. |
- Dramburg, S, et al.
(författare)
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EAACI Molecular Allergology User's Guide 2.0
- 2023
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Ingår i: Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. - 1399-3038. ; 3434 Suppl 28, s. e13854-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
- Vlad, A., et al.
(författare)
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Hybrid synthesis and processing schemes for highly-ordered polyaniline nanoarchitectures
- 2010
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Ingår i: INEC 2010 - 2010 3rd International Nanoelectronics Conference, Proceedings. - 9781424435449 ; , s. 429-430
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We report on a newly developed technology for the nanoscale processing of the conducting polyaniline (PANI) with an unprecedented areal patterning order and density control exceeding 0.25 teradot/inch 2 . A simple two-step process is put forward to hierarchically build a large variety of functional PANI nanostructures on virtually any type of flexible or rigid substrates. Using template confinement, through Pt catalyzed electroless growth, highly-ordered arrays of distinct PANI nanowires are produced. Complex three-dimensional (3D) structural control is achieved through a direct pattern transfer using a novel type of resist- and dose-modulated 3D electron beam lithography. The method is scalable and provides a generic approach for nanopatterning surfaces with functional polymers. Aspects of the nanoscale PANI growth mechanism are discussed and the highly controllable, sub-picogram scale fabrication is emphasized. Simple schemes for single PANI nanowire fabrication, processing and device integration are presented. ©2010 IEEE.
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| 9. |
- Giele, Walter, et al.
(författare)
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The QCD / SM working group: Summary report
- 2002
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Ingår i: Physics at TeV colliders. Proceedings, Euro Summer School, Les Houches, France, May 21-June 1, 2001. ; , s. 275-426, s. 275-426
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Vlad, A., et al.
(författare)
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Highly Ordered Conjugated Polymer Nanoarchitectures with Three-Dimensional Structural Control
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nano Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1530-6992 .- 1530-6984. ; 9:8, s. 2838-2843
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conductive polymers are a class of materials with vast potential for tomorrow's ultra-large-scale technologies as they combine structural and functional diversity with flexible synthesis and processing approaches. A missing component, with their subtle chemical structure, is reliable building at nanoscale. Here we report on the patterning of polyaniline, a prototypical conjugated polymer, with an unprecedented areal patterning order and density exceeding 0.25 teradot/inch(2), With template-confined growth, through platinum-surface-catalyzed polymerization of aniline, highly ordered arrays of distinct polyaniline nanowires are produced with a typical diameter
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Fuchs, M.a b, et al.
(författare)
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Nonlinear X-ray compton scattering
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We use XFEL pulses to observe the most fundamental nonlinear X-ray-matter interaction: nonlinear Compton scattering. In contrast to theoretical predictions, we measure an anonymous and yet to be explained red-shift in the observed photon energy.
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| 13. |
- Magnusson, Yvonne, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping of a functional autoimmune epitope on the beta 1-adrenergic receptor in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
- 1990
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Ingår i: The Journal of clinical investigation. - 0021-9738. ; 86:5, s. 1658-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presence and properties of serum autoantibodies against beta-adrenergic receptors in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy were studied using synthetic peptides derived from the predicted sequences of the human beta-adrenergic receptors. Peptides corresponding to the sequences of the second extracellular loop of the human beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptors were used as antigens in an enzyme immunoassay to screen sera from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 42), ischemic heart disease (n = 17), or healthy blood donors (n = 34). The sera of thirteen dilated cardiomyopathy patients, none of the ischemic heart disease patients, and four of the healthy controls monospecifically recognized the beta 1-peptide. Only affinity-purified antibodies of these patients had a inhibitory effect on radioligand binding to the beta 1 receptor of C6 rat glioma cells. They recognized the receptor protein by immunoblot and bound in situ to human myocardial tissue. We conclude that a subgroup of patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy have in their sera autoantibodies specifically directed against the second extracellular loop of the beta 1-adrenergic receptor. These antibodies could serve as a marker of an autoimmune response with physiological and/or pathological implications.
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| 14. |
- Salles, J, et al.
(författare)
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Vitamin D status modulates mitochondrial oxidative capacities in skeletal muscle: role in sarcopenia
- 2022
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Ingår i: Communications biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 5:1, s. 1288-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Skeletal muscle mitochondrial function is the biggest component of whole-body energy output. Mitochondrial energy production during exercise is impaired in vitamin D-deficient subjects. In cultured myotubes, loss of vitamin D receptor (VDR) function decreases mitochondrial respiration rate and ATP production from oxidative phosphorylation. We aimed to examine the effects of vitamin D deficiency and supplementation on whole-body energy expenditure and muscle mitochondrial function in old rats, old mice, and human subjects. To gain further insight into the mechanisms involved, we used C2C12 and human muscle cells and transgenic mice with muscle-specific VDR tamoxifen-inducible deficiency. We observed that in vivo and in vitro vitamin D fluctuations changed mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative activity in skeletal muscle. Vitamin D supplementation initiated in older people improved muscle mass and strength. We hypothesize that vitamin D supplementation is likely to help prevent not only sarcopenia but also sarcopenic obesity in vitamin D-deficient subjects.
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| 15. |
- Amici, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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A Roadmap for Transforming Research to Invent the Batteries of the Future Designed within the European Large Scale Research Initiative BATTERY 2030
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advanced Energy Materials. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1614-6832 .- 1614-6840. ; 12:17
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This roadmap presents the transformational research ideas proposed by "BATTERY 2030+," the European large-scale research initiative for future battery chemistries. A "chemistry-neutral" roadmap to advance battery research, particularly at low technology readiness levels, is outlined, with a time horizon of more than ten years. The roadmap is centered around six themes: 1) accelerated materials discovery platform, 2) battery interface genome, with the integration of smart functionalities such as 3) sensing and 4) self-healing processes. Beyond chemistry related aspects also include crosscutting research regarding 5) manufacturability and 6) recyclability. This roadmap should be seen as an enabling complement to the global battery roadmaps which focus on expected ultrahigh battery performance, especially for the future of transport. Batteries are used in many applications and are considered to be one technology necessary to reach the climate goals. Currently the market is dominated by lithium-ion batteries, which perform well, but despite new generations coming in the near future, they will soon approach their performance limits. Without major breakthroughs, battery performance and production requirements will not be sufficient to enable the building of a climate-neutral society. Through this "chemistry neutral" approach a generic toolbox transforming the way batteries are developed, designed and manufactured, will be created.
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| 16. |
- Bach, D, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of Mfn2, the Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy type 2A gene, in human skeletal muscle: effects of type 2 diabetes, obesity, weight loss, and the regulatory role of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6
- 2005
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 54:9, s. 2685-2693
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The primary gene mutated in Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2A is mitofusin-2 (Mfn2). Mfn2 encodes a mitochondrial protein that participates in the maintenance of the mitochondrial network and that regulates mitochondrial metabolism and intracellular signaling. The potential for regulation of human Mfn2 gene expression in vivo is largely unknown. Based on the presence of mitochondrial dysfunction in insulin-resistant conditions, we have examined whether Mfn2 expression is dysregulated in skeletal muscle from obese or nonobese type 2 diabetic subjects, whether muscle Mfn2 expression is regulated by body weight loss, and the potential regulatory role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α or interleukin-6. We show that mRNA concentration of Mfn2 is decreased in skeletal muscle from both male and female obese subjects. Muscle Mfn2 expression was also reduced in lean or in obese type 2 diabetic patients. There was a strong negative correlation between the Mfn2 expression and the BMI in nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects. A positive correlation between the Mfn2 expression and the insulin sensitivity was also detected in nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects. To determine the effect of weight loss on Mfn2 mRNA expression, six morbidly obese subjects were subjected to weight loss by bilio-pancreatic diversion. Mean expression of muscle Mfn2 mRNA increased threefold after reduction in body weight, and a positive correlation between muscle Mfn2 expression and insulin sensitivity was again detected. In vitro experiments revealed an inhibitory effect of TNFα or interleukin-6 on Mfn2 expression in cultured cells. We conclude that body weight loss upregulates the expression of Mfn2 mRNA in skeletal muscle of obese humans, type 2 diabetes downregulates the expression of Mfn2 mRNA in skeletal muscle, Mfn2 expression in skeletal muscle is directly proportional to insulin sensitivity and is inversely proportional to the BMI, TNFα and interleukin-6 downregulate Mfn2 expression and may participate in the dysregulation of Mfn2 expression in obesity or type 2 diabetes, and the in vivo modulation of Mfn2 mRNA levels is an additional level of regulation for the control of muscle metabolism and could provide a molecular mechanism for alterations in mitochondrial function in obesity or type 2 diabetes.
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| 17. |
- Cappellari, Gianluca Gortan, et al.
(författare)
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Sarcopenic obesity research perspectives outlined by the sarcopenic obesity global leadership initiative (SOGLI) : Proceedings from the SOGLI consortium meeting in rome November 2022
- 2023
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Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier. - 0261-5614 .- 1532-1983. ; 42:5, s. 687-699
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) launched the Sarcopenic Obesity Global Leadership Initiative (SOGLI) to reach expert consensus on a definition and diagnostic criteria for Sarcopenic Obesity (SO).The present paper describes the proceeding of the Sarcopenic Obesity Global Leadership Initiative (SOGLI) meeting that was held on November 25th and 26th, 2022 in Rome, Italy. This consortium involved the participation of 50 researchers from different geographic regions and countries.The document outlines an agenda advocated by the SOGLI expert panel regarding the pathophysiology, screening, diagnosis, staging and treatment of SO that needs to be prioritized for future research in the field.
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| 18. |
- Guillet, J G, et al.
(författare)
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Induction of a pharmacologically active clonotypic B cell response directed to an immunogenic region of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor.
- 1992
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Ingår i: Clinical and experimental immunology. - 0009-9104. ; 89:3, s. 461-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been reported that autoantibodies against the beta 2-adrenergic receptors are involved in the pathology of allergic disorders and of Chagas' disease. Therefore, the immune response against a peptide (H26Q) corresponding to the putative second extracellular loop of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor, which could be a target for autoantibody attack, was analysed in view of its possible immunogenicity. The free peptide induced a T cell-mediated humoral response in the context of three different murine MHC haplotypes. The T cell epitope was found to be localized in the N-terminal region of the peptide. Highly specific T helper cells were capable of stimulating B cells with the potential to generate a large antibody repertoire reactive with the loop peptide. MoAbs were screened to analyse this B cell response for antibodies potentially interfering with receptor function and a MoAb was found that impaired ligand binding to the receptor.
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| 19. |
- Magnusson, Yvonne, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Antigenic analysis of the second extra-cellular loop of the human beta-adrenergic receptors.
- 1989
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Ingår i: Clinical and experimental immunology. - 0009-9104. ; 78:1, s. 42-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polyclonal antibodies were raised in rabbits by immunization with free peptides corresponding to positions 197-222 of the human beta 1-adrenergic receptor (beta 1 peptide) and the corresponding sequence (172-197) of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor (beta 2 peptide). While the beta 2 peptide yielded antibodies that cross-reacted with the beta 1 peptide, the antibodies against the beta 1 peptide did not cross-react with the beta 2 sequence. Cross-reactivity of the anti-beta 2 peptide antibodies and the selectivity of the anti-beta 1 peptide antibodies were also revealed in the recognition by immunoblots of the beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptors of different species or of the receptor gene products expressed in a bacterial vector. These antibodies could be used immunohistochemically to visualize the beta-adrenergic receptors on rabbit heart. The anti-beta 2 peptide antibodies did not show any functional effect on the beta-adrenergic receptors; the anti-beta 1 peptide antibodies were able to displace agonist affinity to higher values. Recognition of truncated peptides by the anti-beta 1 and anti-beta 2 peptide antibodies suggested that the cross-reaction of the anti-beta 2 peptide antibodies was due to the recognition of a common epitope on the C-terminal part of the peptides. The anti-beta 1 peptide antibodies recognized the N-terminal part of the peptide better than the C-terminal part. These results suggest that the second extracellular loop postulated in the structure of the human beta-adrenergic receptor contains the T and B cell epitopes necessary for induction of an immune response. The selectivity and the functional properties of the antibodies raised against that loop in the beta 1 adrenergic receptor could have relevance in induction of auto antibodies in certain cardiomyopathic conditions.
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