| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Aliu, E., et al.
(författare)
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Constraints on Very High Energy Emission from GRB 130427A
- 2014
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - 2041-8205 .- 2041-8213. ; 795:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prompt emission from the very fluent and nearby (z = 0.34) gamma-ray burst GRB 130427A was detected by several orbiting telescopes and by ground-based, wide-field-of-view optical transient monitors. Apart from the intensity and proximity of this GRB, it is exceptional due to the extremely long-lived high-energy (100 MeV to 100 GeV) gamma-ray emission, which was detected by the Large Area Telescope on the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope for ~70 ks after the initial burst. The persistent, hard-spectrum, high-energy emission suggests that the highest-energy gamma rays may have been produced via synchrotron self-Compton processes though there is also evidence that the high-energy emission may instead be an extension of the synchrotron spectrum. VERITAS, a ground-based imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope array, began follow-up observations of GRB 130427A ~71 ks (~20 hr) after the onset of the burst. The GRB was not detected with VERITAS; however, the high elevation of the observations, coupled with the low redshift of the GRB, make VERITAS a very sensitive probe of the emission from GRB 130427A for E > 100 GeV. The non-detection and consequent upper limit derived place constraints on the synchrotron self-Compton model of high-energy gamma-ray emission from this burst.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- D’Ammando, F., et al.
(författare)
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The most powerful flaring activity from the NLSy1 PMN J0948+0022
- 2015
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Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press. - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 446:3, s. 2456-2467
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on multifrequency observations performed during 2012 December–2013 August of the first narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy detected in γ-rays, PMN J0948+0022 (z = 0.5846). A γ-ray flare was observed by the Large Area Telescope on board Fermi during 2012 December–2013 January, reaching a daily peak flux in the 0.1–100 GeV energy range of (155 ± 31) × 10−8 ph cm−2 s−1 on 2013 January 1, corresponding to an apparent isotropic luminosity of ∼1.5 × 1048 erg s−1. The γ-ray flaring period triggered Swift and Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) observations in addition to radio and optical monitoring by Owens Valley Radio Observatory, Monitoring Of Jets in Active galactic nuclei with VLBA Experiments, and Catalina Real-time Transient Survey. A strong flare was observed in optical, UV, and X-rays on 2012 December 30, quasi-simultaneously to the γ-ray flare, reaching a record flux for this source from optical to γ-rays. VERITAS observations at very high energy (E > 100 GeV) during 2013 January 6–17 resulted in an upper limit of F>0.2 TeV < 4.0 × 10−12 ph cm−2 s−1. We compared the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the flaring state in 2013 January with that of an intermediate state observed in 2011. The two SEDs, modelled as synchrotron emission and an external Compton scattering of seed photons from a dust torus, can be modelled by changing both the electron distribution parameters and the magnetic field.
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| 6. |
- Dixon-Suen, Suzanne C, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity, sedentary time and breast cancer risk : a Mendelian randomisation study
- 2022
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Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 56:20, s. 1157-1170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour are associated with higher breast cancer risk in observational studies, but ascribing causality is difficult. Mendelian randomisation (MR) assesses causality by simulating randomised trial groups using genotype. We assessed whether lifelong physical activity or sedentary time, assessed using genotype, may be causally associated with breast cancer risk overall, pre/post-menopause, and by case-groups defined by tumour characteristics.METHODS: We performed two-sample inverse-variance-weighted MR using individual-level Breast Cancer Association Consortium case-control data from 130 957 European-ancestry women (69 838 invasive cases), and published UK Biobank data (n=91 105-377 234). Genetic instruments were single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated in UK Biobank with wrist-worn accelerometer-measured overall physical activity (nsnps=5) or sedentary time (nsnps=6), or accelerometer-measured (nsnps=1) or self-reported (nsnps=5) vigorous physical activity.RESULTS: Greater genetically-predicted overall activity was associated with lower breast cancer overall risk (OR=0.59; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.42 to 0.83 per-standard deviation (SD;~8 milligravities acceleration)) and for most case-groups. Genetically-predicted vigorous activity was associated with lower risk of pre/perimenopausal breast cancer (OR=0.62; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.87,≥3 vs. 0 self-reported days/week), with consistent estimates for most case-groups. Greater genetically-predicted sedentary time was associated with higher hormone-receptor-negative tumour risk (OR=1.77; 95% CI 1.07 to 2.92 per-SD (~7% time spent sedentary)), with elevated estimates for most case-groups. Results were robust to sensitivity analyses examining pleiotropy (including weighted-median-MR, MR-Egger).CONCLUSION: Our study provides strong evidence that greater overall physical activity, greater vigorous activity, and lower sedentary time are likely to reduce breast cancer risk. More widespread adoption of active lifestyles may reduce the burden from the most common cancer in women.
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| 7. |
- Gemmell, L., et al.
(författare)
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Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and outcomes of preterm infants of 24 to 28 weeks' gestation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Perinatology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0743-8346 .- 1476-5543. ; 36:12, s. 1067-1072
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs) and mortality and major morbidities in preterm neonates born at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation.STUDY DESIGN: Using an international cohort, we retrospectively studied 27 846 preterm neonates born at 24 to 286 weeks of gestation during 2007 to 2010 from 6 national neonatal databases. The incidence of HDP was compared across countries, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association of HDP and neonatal outcomes including mortality to discharge, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, severe brain injury, necrotizing enterocolitis and treated retinopathy of prematurity.RESULTS: The incidence of HDP in the entire cohort was 13% (range 11 to 16% across countries). HDP was associated with reduced odds of mortality (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67 to 0.88), severe brain injury (aOR 0.74; 95% CI 0.62 to 0.89) and treated retinopathy (aOR 0.82; 95% CI 0.70 to 0.96), but increased odds of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (aOR 1.16; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.27).CONCLUSIONS: In comparison with neonates born to mothers without HDP, neonates of HDP mothers had lower odds of mortality, severe brain injury and treated retinopathy, but higher odds of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The impact of maternal HDP on newborn outcomes was inconsistent across outcomes and among countries; therefore, further international collaboration to standardize terminology, case definition and data capture is warranted.
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| 8. |
- Genkinger, J. M., et al.
(författare)
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Measures of body fatness and height in early and mid-to-late adulthood and prostate cancer : risk and mortality in The Pooling Project of Prospective Studies of Diet and Cancer
- 2020
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Ingår i: Annals of Oncology. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 0923-7534 .- 1569-8041. ; 31:1, s. 103-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Advanced prostate cancer etiology is poorly understood. Few studies have examined associations of anthropometric factors (e.g. early adulthood obesity) with advanced prostate cancer risk.Patients and methods: We carried out pooled analyses to examine associations between body fatness, height, and prostate cancer risk. Among 830 772 men, 51 734 incident prostate cancer cases were identified, including 4762 advanced (T4/N1/M1 or prostate cancer deaths) cases, 2915 advanced restricted (same as advanced, but excluding localized cancers that resulted in death) cases, 9489 high-grade cases, and 3027 prostate cancer deaths. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate study-specific hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI); results were pooled using random effects models.Results: No statistically significant associations were observed for body mass index (BMI) in early adulthood for advanced, advanced restricted, and high-grade prostate cancer, and prostate cancer mortality. Positive associations were shown for BMI at baseline with advanced prostate cancer (HR = 1.30, 95% CI = 0.95-1.78) and prostate cancer mortality (HR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.12-2.07) comparing BMI >= 35.0 kg/m(2) with 21-22.9 kg/m(2). When considering early adulthood and baseline BMI together, a 27% higher prostate cancer mortality risk (95% CI = 9% to 49%) was observed for men with BMI <25.0 kg/m(2) in early adulthood and BMI >= 30.0 kg/m(2) at baseline compared with BMI <25.0 kg/m(2) in early adulthood and BMI <30.0 kg/m(2) at baseline. Baseline waist circumference, comparing >= 110 cm with <90 cm, and waist-to-hip ratio, comparing >= 1.00 with <0.90, were associated with significant 14%-16% increases in high-grade prostate cancer risk and suggestive or significant 20%-39% increases in prostate cancer mortality risk. Height was associated with suggestive or significant 33%-56% risks of advanced or advanced restricted prostate cancer and prostate cancer mortality, comparing >= 1.90 m with <1.65 m.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that height and total and central adiposity in mid-to-later adulthood, but not early adulthood adiposity, are associated with risk of advanced forms of prostate cancer. Thus, maintenance of healthy weight may help prevent advanced prostate cancer.
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| 9. |
- Hartley, Philippa, et al.
(författare)
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SKA Science Data Challenge 2: analysis and results
- 2023
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Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 523:2, s. 1967-1993
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Square Kilometre Array Observatory (SKAO) will explore the radio sky to new depths in order to conduct transformational science. SKAO data products made available to astronomers will be correspondingly large and complex, requiring the application of advanced analysis techniques to extract key science findings. To this end, SKAO is conducting a series of Science Data Challenges, each designed to familiarize the scientific community with SKAO data and to drive the development of new analysis techniques. We present the results from Science Data Challenge 2 (SDC2), which invited participants to find and characterize 233 245 neutral hydrogen (H i) sources in a simulated data product representing a 2000 h SKA-Mid spectral line observation from redshifts 0.25-0.5. Through the generous support of eight international supercomputing facilities, participants were able to undertake the Challenge using dedicated computational resources. Alongside the main challenge, 'reproducibility awards' were made in recognition of those pipelines which demonstrated Open Science best practice. The Challenge saw over 100 participants develop a range of new and existing techniques, with results that highlight the strengths of multidisciplinary and collaborative effort. The winning strategy - which combined predictions from two independent machine learning techniques to yield a 20 per cent improvement in overall performance - underscores one of the main Challenge outcomes: that of method complementarity. It is likely that the combination of methods in a so-called ensemble approach will be key to exploiting very large astronomical data sets.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Buijs, J, et al.
(författare)
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Inter- and intra-molecular migration of peptide amide hydrogens during electrospray ionization
- 2001
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 1044-0305. ; 12:4, s. 410-419
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The isotopic exchange of amide hydrogens in proteins in solution strongly depends on the surrounding protein structure, thereby allowing structural studies of proteins by mass spectrometry. However, during electrospray ionization (ESI), gas phase processe
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| 13. |
- Conti, David, V, et al.
(författare)
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Trans-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of prostate cancer identifies new susceptibility loci and informs genetic risk prediction
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 53:1, s. 65-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prostate cancer is a highly heritable disease with large disparities in incidence rates across ancestry populations. We conducted a multiancestry meta-analysis of prostate cancer genome-wide association studies (107,247 cases and 127,006 controls) and identified 86 new genetic risk variants independently associated with prostate cancer risk, bringing the total to 269 known risk variants. The top genetic risk score (GRS) decile was associated with odds ratios that ranged from 5.06 (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.84-5.29) for men of European ancestry to 3.74 (95% CI, 3.36-4.17) for men of African ancestry. Men of African ancestry were estimated to have a mean GRS that was 2.18-times higher (95% CI, 2.14-2.22), and men of East Asian ancestry 0.73-times lower (95% CI, 0.71-0.76), than men of European ancestry. These findings support the role of germline variation contributing to population differences in prostate cancer risk, with the GRS offering an approach for personalized risk prediction. A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies across different populations highlights new risk loci and provides a genetic risk score that can stratify prostate cancer risk across ancestries.
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| 14. |
- Darlow, Brian A, et al.
(författare)
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International variations and trends in the treatment for retinopathy of prematurity
- 2017
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Ingår i: British Journal of Ophthalmology. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0007-1161 .- 1468-2079. ; 101:10, s. 1399-1404
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To compare the rates of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and treatment of ROP by laser or intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor among preterm neonates from high-income countries participating in the International Network for Evaluating Outcomes (iNeo) of neonates.METHODS: weeks' gestation who were admitted to neonatal units in Australia/New Zealand, Canada, Finland, Israel, Japan, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tuscany (Italy) and the UK between 2007 and 2013. Pairwise comparisons of ROP treatment in survivors between countries were evaluated by Poisson and multivariable logistic regression analyses after adjustment for confounders. A composite outcome of death or ROP treatment was compared between countries using logistic regression and standardised ratios.RESULTS: Of 48 087 infants included in the analysis, 81.8% survived to 32 weeks postmenstrual age, and 95% of survivors were screened for ROP. Rates of any ROP ranged from 25.2% to 91.0% in Switzerland and Japan, respectively, among those examined. The overall rate of those receiving treatment was 24.9%, which varied from 4.3% to 30.4%. Adjusted risk ratios for ROP treatment were lower for Switzerland in all pairwise comparisons, whereas Japan displayed significantly higher ratios. Comparisons of the composite outcome between countries revealed similar, but less marked differences.CONCLUSIONS: Rates of any ROP and ROP treatment varied significantly between iNeo members, while an overall decline in ROP treatment was observed during the study period. It is unclear whether these variations represent differences in care practices, diagnosis and/or treatment thresholds.
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| 15. |
- Dellve, Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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Resurser och hälsa : ledares föreställningar om möjligheter och vägar att påverka anställdas hälsa och minska sjukskrivning
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den under 90-talet ökande sjukfrånvaron, framförallt bland kvinnor inom den offentliga och kommunala sektorn, är ett välkänt samhällsproblem. Stat och arbetsgivare har med olika insatser försökt vända trenden. I Göteborg avsatte Göteborgs Stad 2002 kommuncentrala medel för att möjliggöra hälsofrämjande satsningar inom enheter och arbetsgrupper i kommunen. För ett ökat utbyte mellan teori och praktik samarbetar Göteborgs Stad och Yrkes- och miljömedicin i ett forsknings- och utvecklingsprojekt om hälsofrämjande arbete i social service. Projektet, som döptes till SAMS (Systematiskt salutogent arbetsmiljöarbete inom social service i Göteborgs Stad), har som syfte att öka kunskapen om förhållanden på individ-, grupp-, organisations- eller samhällsnivå som har betydelse för genomförande, effekt och utvärdering av hälsofrämjande satsningar för minskad sjukfrånvaro bland kommunal personal inom social service. Detta för att på sikt bidra till ökade förutsättningar för medvetenhet och handlingsberedskap avseende systematiskt arbetsmiljöarbete. Projektledare för de hälsofrämjande satsningarna är Helen Torstensson från stadskansliet, Göteborgs Stad och undertecknad är projektledare för forsknings- och utvecklingsprojektet. SAMS-projektet finansieras av Vinnovas program ”Utveckling för hållbar hälsa”. Ett program där ett ökat samspel mellan forskning och politisk/offentlig verksamhet prioriteras. Denna rapport är en första delstudie i SAMS-projektet och syftar till att få en fördjupad kunskap om ledares föreställningar om möjligheter och vägar att påverka anställdas hälsa för att minska ohälsan och sjukskrivningarna.
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| 16. |
- Holmkvist, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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A major population of mucosal memory CD4(+) T cells, coexpressing IL-18Rα and DR3, display innate lymphocyte functionality.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Mucosal Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1933-0219. ; 8:3, s. 545-558
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mucosal tissues contain large numbers of memory CD4(+) T cells that, through T-cell receptor-dependent interactions with antigen-presenting cells, are believed to have a key role in barrier defense and maintenance of tissue integrity. Here we identify a major subset of memory CD4(+) T cells at barrier surfaces that coexpress interleukin-18 receptor alpha (IL-18Rα) and death receptor-3 (DR3), and display innate lymphocyte functionality. The cytokines IL-15 or the DR3 ligand tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like cytokine 1A (TL1a) induced memory IL-18Rα(+)DR3(+)CD4(+) T cells to produce interferon-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-5, IL-13, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and IL-22 in the presence of IL-12/IL-18. TL1a synergized with IL-15 to enhance this response, while suppressing IL-15-induced IL-10 production. TL1a- and IL-15-mediated cytokine induction required the presence of IL-18, whereas induction of IL-5, IL-13, GM-CSF, and IL-22 was IL-12 independent. IL-18Rα(+)DR3(+)CD4(+) T cells with similar functionality were present in human skin, nasal polyps, and, in particular, the intestine, where in chronic inflammation they localized with IL-18-producing cells in lymphoid aggregates. Collectively, these results suggest that human memory IL-18Rα(+)DR3(+) CD4(+) T cells may contribute to antigen-independent innate responses at barrier surfaces.Mucosal Immunology advance online publication, 1 October 2014; doi:10.1038/mi.2014.87.
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| 17. |
- Håkansson, K, et al.
(författare)
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MR imaging of upper abdomen following cholecystectomy. Normal and abnormal findings
- 2001
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 1600-0455 .- 0284-1851. ; 42:2, s. 181-186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To describe the normal MR appearance after cholecystectomy and the findings in patients with postoperative complications using fast pulse sequences in abdominal MR imaging. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a prospective study of 119 patients, 64 were examined with MR after cholecystectomy. In total, 56 patients with uncomplicated cholecystectomy were examined with MR 1--5 days (mean 1.6 days) after cholecystectomy. Nine patients had an abdominal postoperative complication and 8 of these were examined with MR after the complication commenced 1--12 days after the cholecystectomy. RESULTS: Oedema in the gallbladder fossa was the only finding in 39 patients (61%), all with uneventful recovery. Small fluid collections in an area consistent with the gallbladder fossa were seen in 9/64 (14%) patients, of which 3 had surgical complications: 1 bleeding and 2 bile duct leakage. Twenty-two (34%) patients had small locally situated fluid collections adjacent to the liver, 14 were uneventful and 8 showed postoperative surgical complications. Seven patients had fluid in the rest of the abdomen of which 5 had surgical complications; 4 due to bile duct leakage and 1 acute pancreatitis. One patient had a postoperative bleeding not seen on MR images. CONCLUSION: MR is very sensitive in detecting fluid collections. Early MR findings following cholecystectomy are normally only subtle changes, mainly in the gallbladder fossa. Fluid collections diagnosed elsewhere than in the gallbladder fossa usually indicate a surgical complication and a surgical complication is unlikely if MR fails to show a fluid collection.
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| 18. |
- Jung, Audrey Y, et al.
(författare)
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Distinct reproductive risk profiles for intrinsic-like breast cancer subtypes : pooled analysis of population-based studies
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press. - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 114:12, s. 1706-1719
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Reproductive factors have been shown to be differentially associated with risk of estrogen receptor (ER) positive and ER-negative breast cancer. However, their associations with intrinsic-like subtypes are less clear.METHODS: Analyses included up to 23,353 cases, and 71,072 controls pooled from 31 population-based case-control or cohort studies in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium across 16 countries on 4 continents. Polytomous logistic regression was used to estimate the association between reproductive factors and risk of breast cancer by intrinsic-like subtypes (luminal A-like, luminal B-like, luminal B-HER2-like, HER2-enriched-like, and triple-negative) and by invasiveness. All statistical tests were 2-sided.RESULTS: Compared to nulliparous women, parous women had a lower risk of luminal A-like, luminal B-like, luminal B-HER2-like and HER2-enriched-like disease. This association was apparent only after approximately 10 years since last birth and became stronger with increasing time (odds ratio [OR] = 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.49 to 0.71; and OR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.28 to 0.46; for multiparous women with luminal A-like tumors 20-<25 years after last birth and 45-<50 years after last birth, respectively). In contrast, parous women had a higher risk of triple-negative breast cancer right after their last birth (for multiparous women: OR = 3.12, 95%CI = 2.02 to 4.83) that was attenuated with time but persisted for decades (OR = 1.03, 95%CI = 0.79 to 1.34, for multiparous women 25 to < 30 years after last birth). Older age at first birth (P-heterogeneity<.001 for triple-negative compared to luminal-A like) and breastfeeding (P-heterogeneity<.001 for triple-negative compared to luminal-A like) were associated with lower risk of triple-negative but not with other disease subtypes. Younger age at menarche was associated with higher risk of all subtypes; older age at menopause was associated with higher risk of luminal A-like but not triple-negative breast cancer. Associations for in situ tumors were similar to luminal A-like.CONCLUSION: This large and comprehensive study demonstrates a distinct reproductive risk factor profile for triple-negative breast cancer compared to other subtypes, with implications for the understanding of disease etiology and risk prediction.
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| 19. |
- Kapoor, Pooja Middha, et al.
(författare)
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Combined associations of a polygenic risk score and classical risk factors with breast cancer risk
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 113:3, s. 329-337
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We evaluated the joint associations between a new 313-variant PRS (PRS313) and questionnaire-based breast cancer risk factors for women of European ancestry, using 72 284 cases and 80 354 controls from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Interactions were evaluated using standard logistic regression and a newly developed case-only method for breast cancer risk overall and by estrogen receptor status. After accounting for multiple testing, we did not find evidence that per-standard deviation PRS313 odds ratio differed across strata defined by individual risk factors. Goodness-of-fit tests did not reject the assumption of a multiplicative model between PRS313 and each risk factor. Variation in projected absolute lifetime risk of breast cancer associated with classical risk factors was greater for women with higher genetic risk (PRS313 and family history) and, on average, 17.5% higher in the highest vs lowest deciles of genetic risk. These findings have implications for risk prevention for women at increased risk of breast cancer.
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| 20. |
- Kelly, L E, et al.
(författare)
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Perinatal health services organization for preterm births : a multinational comparison
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Perinatology. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0743-8346 .- 1476-5543. ; 37:7, s. 762-768
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To explore population characteristics, organization of health services and comparability of available information for very low birth weight or very preterm neonates born before 32 weeks' gestation in 11 high-income countries contributing data to the International Network for Evaluating Outcomes of Neonates (iNeo).STUDY DESIGN: We obtained population characteristics from public domain sources, conducted a survey of organization of maternal and neonatal health services and evaluated the comparability of data contributed to the iNeo collaboration from Australia, Canada, Finland, Israel, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UK.RESULTS: All countries have nationally funded maternal/neonatal health care with >90% of women receiving prenatal care. Preterm birth rate, maternal age, and neonatal and infant mortality rates were relatively similar across countries. Most (50 to >95%) between-hospital transports of neonates born at non-tertiary units were conducted by designated transport teams; 72% (8/11 countries) had designated transfer and 63% (7/11 countries) mandate the presence of a physician. The capacity of 'step-down' units varied between countries, with capacity for respiratory care available in <10% to >75% of units. Heterogeneity in data collection processes for benchmarking and quality improvement activities were identified.CONCLUSIONS: Comparability of healthcare outcomes for very preterm low birth weight neonates between countries requires an evaluation of differences in population coverage, healthcare services and meta-data.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Newman, Diane K, et al.
(författare)
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Intermittent catheterization with single- or multiple-reuse catheters : clinical study on safety and impact on quality of life
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Urology and Nephrology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0301-1623 .- 1573-2584. ; 19:1, s. 1-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Intermittent catheterization (IC) is a proven effective long-term bladder management strategy for individuals who have lower urinary tract dysfunction. This study provides clinical evidence about multiple-reuse versus single-use catheterization techniques and if catheter choice can have an impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL).METHOD: A prospective, multi-center, clinical trial studied patients who currently practiced catheter reuse, and who agreed to prospectively evaluate single-use hydrophilic-coated (HC) (i.e. LoFric) catheters for 4 weeks. A validated Intermittent Self-Catheterization Questionnaire (ISC-Q) was used to obtain HRQoL. Reused catheters were collected and studied with regard to microbial and debris contamination.RESULTS: The study included 39 patients who had practiced IC for a mean of 10 years, 6 times daily. At inclusion, all patients reused catheters for a mean of 21 days (SD = 48) per catheter. 36 patients completed the prospective test period and the mean ISC-Q score increased from 58.0 (SD = 22.6) to 67.2 (SD = 17.7) when patients switched to the single-use HC catheters (p = 0.0101). At the end of the study, 83% (95% CI [67-94%]) preferred to continue using single-use HC catheters. All collected reused catheters (100%) were contaminated by debris and 74% (95% CI [58-87%]) were contaminated by microorganisms, some with biofilm.CONCLUSION: Single-use HC catheters improved HRQoL and were preferred over catheter reuse among people practicing IC. Catheter multiple-reuse may pose a potential safety concern due to colonization by microorganisms as well as having reduced acceptance compared to single use.TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02129738.
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| 23. |
- Scherzinger, J., et al.
(författare)
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Tagging fast neutrons from an 241Am/9Be source
- 2015
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Ingår i: Applied Radiation and Isotopes. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-8043 .- 1872-9800. ; 98, s. 74-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shielding, coincidence, and time-of-flight measurement techniques are employed to tag fast neutrons emitted from an 241Am/9Be source resulting in a continuous polychromatic energy-tagged beam of neutrons with energies up to 7MeV. The measured energy structure of the beam agrees qualitatively with both previous measurements and theoretical calculations.
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| 24. |
- Språngberg, A, et al.
(författare)
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SBU. Godartad prostataförstoring med avflödeshinder. En systematisk litteraturöversikt : Godartad prostataförstoring med avflödeshinder
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Slutsatser Godartad prostataförstoring (benign prostatahyperplasi, BPH) är ett vanligt tillstånd som med stigande ålder drabbar i princip alla män. En del av dessa män får urineringsproblem och cirka 4 500 opereras varje år för en förstorad prostata. Många med lindrigare besvär behandlas med läkemedel eller behöver ingen behandling alls. Avflödeshinder kan obehandlat ge allvarlig urinretention som skadar njurarna, och en urinstämma kan vara livshotande. För att avgränsa den grupp av män där problemen med urineringen beror på en förstorad prostata används ett tiotal olika diagnostiska metoder. När det gäller behandling finns det flera olika kirurgiska metoder, varav några är väl etablerade och andra av mer experimentell karaktär. Under 1990-talet har också flera läkemedel introducerats. SBU har därför bedömt att det funnits ett behov av att göra en systematisk genomgång av den vetenskapliga grunden för dessa olika metoder. Nedan följer de viktigaste slutsatserna av arbetet.
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| 25. |
- Torrens, J., et al.
(författare)
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Advancing urban transitions and transformations research
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions. - : Elsevier. - 2210-4224. ; 41, s. 102-105
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban transitions and transformations research fosters a dialogue between sustainability transitions theory an inter- and transdisciplinary research on urban change. As a field, urban transitions and transformations research encompasses plural analytical and conceptual perspectives. In doing so, this field opens up sustainability transitions research to new communities of practice in urban environments, including mayors, transnational municipal networks, and international organizations.
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