| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Bard, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Pulp Wastewater Treatment Using Anaerobic Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors: A Case-Study
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Conference on Wider-Uptake of Water Resource Recovery from Wastewater Treatment, ICWRR 2024. - : Springer Nature. ; , s. 234-239
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pulp and paper (P&P) industry holds significant global importance. However, the industry’s processes substantially demand water and energy resources. Consequently, there is a pressing need for the industry to adopt more sustainable production practices, aiming to trim environmental impact and strengthen resilience against climate change. Recent research has highlighted the potential for substantial increases in Swedish biogas production using anaerobic wastewater (WW) treatment methods within P&P mills. The P&P sector traditionally relies on aerobic biological WW treatment, overlooking the valuable opportunity for WW resource recovery. This study aims to evaluate anaerobic moving bed biofilm reactors (AnMBBR) to enhance energy recovery while enabling treatment capacity for the P&P industry’s anaerobic WW treatment. The results of this study showed the resilience of the AnMBBR system. It proved capable of recovering from overload conditions and operating even during prolonged periods at low pH levels. However, the system removes mainly soluble COD, suggesting higher capabilities on P&P WW with a high fraction of soluble COD. Its ability to produce methane-rich biogas demonstrates efficient gas production while maintaining simple operational procedures.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Maria L.E. 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic Factors Associated to Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis in Individuals with Knee Pain
- 2020
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - London : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 79:Suppl. 1, s. 793-793
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metabolic factors have been shown to be associated to radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) [1]. More knowledge about associations between metabolic factors and early clinical knee OA is needed.Objectives:The aim was to study associations between metabolic factors and radiographic knee OA in individuals with knee painMethods:In total 272 individuals with radiographs at baseline, from an ongoing longitudinal study of knee pain (without cruciate ligament injury), were included in the present cross-sectional study. At baseline BMI, waist circumference (WC) and visceral fat area (VFA) were assessed. Fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL-and LDL-cholesterol were analysed. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was present if central obesity (WC ≥94 cm in men and ≥80cm in women) plus any two of the following factors: raised blood pressure (systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mm Hg or treatment of hypertension), raised triglycerides (≥ 1.7 mmol/L or specific treatment), reduced HDL-cholesterol (men < 1.03 mmol/L and women < 1.29 mmol/L or specific treatment), raised glucose (glucose ≥ 5.6 mmol/L, or type 2 diabetes).The individuals were divided in two groups according to Ahlbäck [2], one group, who had grade I or more in at least one knee (radiographic knee OA, ROA) n=62 and the other group, not fulfilling Ahlbäck criteria (no radiograhic knee OA, No OA) n=211. The associations between metabolic factors and knee OA were calculated by crude logistic regression analyses, adjusting for age and sex.Results:The group with radiographic knee OA were older, had higher BMI, higher amount of visceral fat and more had central obesity, table 1. Ninety- four percent of the group with ROA had central obesity compared to 76%, p=0.002 in the no OA group. There was no difference between the groups regarding MetS, 44% in the ROA group vs. 39%, p=0.5. The group with ROA had increased cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol. There were no differences in fasting glucose between the groups, though both groups had a mean glucose value in the upper range of normal value, table 1. Factors associated to having radiographic knee OA were age (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.06-1.17), BMI (1.07, 1.003-1.13), central obesity (3.91, 1.32-11.61) and raised triglycerides (2.35, 1.03-5.38).Table 1.Baseline descriptivesNo OAMean (sd)ROAMean(sd)p-valueN21162Age50 (9)56 (4)<0.001Sex, women, %66710.454BMI25.9 (4.7)27.7 (4.7)0.007VFA (cm2)109 (53)126 (52)0.026WC, cm94 (13)99 (13)0.006Raised Blood pressure, %66530.063Cholesterol (mmol/L)5.2 (1.0)5.5 (1.1)0.033Triglycerides (mmol/L)1.0 (0.6)1.2 (0.7)0.035Raised triglycerides, %9210.008LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)3.4 (1.0)3.7 (1.1)0.027HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)1.7 (0.4)1.7 (0.5)0.547Reduced HDL11150.460Glucose (mmol/L)5.5 (0.9)5.5 (0.5)0.858Conclusion:There were associations between some metabolic factors and radiographic knee OA in individuals with knee pain. Fasting glucose was increased in both groups. The associations between metabolic risk factors and the development of knee OA needs to be assessed in longitudinal studies.References:[1]Sellam J, Bone Spine 2013;80:568-73.[2]Ahlback S,. Acta Radiol Diagn (Stockh) 1968Suppl 277:7-72.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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| 8. |
- Arvidsson, D, et al.
(författare)
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Splanchnic oxygen consumption in septic and hemorrhagic shock.
- 1991
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Ingår i: Surgery. - 0039-6060 .- 1532-7361. ; 109:2, s. 190-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oxygen consumption (VO2) is dependent on oxygen delivery (DO2) in septic shock. Local hypoxia with later secondary organ failure may develop, however, despite an often hyperdynamic circulation. The splanchnic organs seem to be of vital importance in this context. In experiments performed in pigs we compared total body VO2 and DO2 with oxygen consumption and delivery in the gastrointestinal organs and the liver in two different shock states: (1) septic shock induced by peritonitis (n = 6) and (2) hemorrhagic shock (n = 6). Another group of six animals not in shock served as controls. Total, gastrointestinal, and liver DO2 decreased in a similar pattern in both septic and hemorrhagic shock. Gastrointestinal and liver VO2 increased in sepsis, whereas it was unchanged in hemorrhage. In the later phase of sepsis, liver VO2, but not gastrointestinal VO2, again decreased, because liver oxygen extraction was almost total and liver DO2 decreased further. The development of flow-dependent liver hypoxia was reflected in a decrease in liver lactate turnover (increased liver lactate release) during late sepsis. Early hypoxia in the splanchnic region is suggested as a plausible mechanism behind the development of secondary organ failure, especially in sepsis.
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| 9. |
- Atif, Yacine, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Cyber-threat analysis for Cyber-Physical Systems : Technical report for Package 4, Activity 3 of ELVIRA project
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Smart grid employs ICT infrastructure and network connectivity to optimize efficiency and deliver new functionalities. This evolu- tion is associated with an increased risk for cybersecurity threats that may hamper smart grid operations. Power utility providers need tools for assessing risk of prevailing cyberthreats over ICT infrastructures. The need for frameworks to guide the develop- ment of these tools is essential to define and reveal vulnerability analysis indicators. We propose a data-driven approach for design- ing testbeds to evaluate the vulnerability of cyberphysical systems against cyberthreats. The proposed framework uses data reported from multiple components of cyberphysical system architecture layers, including physical, control, and cyber layers. At the phys- ical layer, we consider component inventory and related physi- cal flows. At the control level, we consider control data, such as SCADA data flows in industrial and critical infrastructure control systems. Finally, at the cyber layer level, we consider existing secu- rity and monitoring data from cyber-incident event management tools, which are increasingly embedded into the control fabrics of cyberphysical systems.
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| 10. |
- Bidleman, Terry F., et al.
(författare)
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Air-water exchange of brominated anisoles in the northern baltic sea
- 2014
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 48:11, s. 6124-6132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bromophenols produced by marine algae undergo O-methylation to form bromoanisoles (BAs), which are exchanged between water and air. BAs were determined in surface water of the northern Baltic Sea (Gulf of Bothnia, consisting of Bothnian Bay and Bothnian Sea) during 2011-2013 and on a transect of the entire Baltic in September 2013. The abundance decreased in the following order: 2,4,6-tribromoanisole (2,4,6-TBA) > 2,4-dibromoanisole (2,4-DBA) ≫ 2,6-dibromoanisole (2,6-DBA). Concentrations of 2,4-DBA and 2,4,6-TBA in September were higher in the southern than in the northern Baltic and correlated well with the higher salinity in the south. This suggests south-to-north advection and dilution with fresh riverine water enroute, and/or lower production in the north. The abundance in air over the northern Baltic also decreased in the following order: 2,4,6-TBA > 2,4-DBA. However, 2,6-DBA was estimated as a lower limit due to breakthrough from polyurethane foam traps used for sampling. Water/air fugacity ratios ranged from 3.4 to 7.6 for 2,4-DBA and from 18 to 94 for 2,4,6-TBA, indicating net volatilization. Flux estimates using the two-film model suggested that volatilization removes 980-1360 kg of total BAs from Bothnian Bay (38000 km(2)) between May and September. The release of bromine from outgassing of BAs could be up to 4-6% of bromine fluxes from previously reported volatilization of bromomethanes and bromochloromethanes.
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| 11. |
- Bidleman, Terry F., et al.
(författare)
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Bromoanisoles and Methoxylated Bromodiphenyl Ethers in Macroalgae from Nordic Coastal Regions
- 2019
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Ingår i: Environmental Science. - London : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2050-7887 .- 2050-7895. ; , s. 881-892
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Marine macroalgae are used worldwide for human consumption, animal feed, cosmetics and agriculture. In addition to beneficial nutrients, macroalgae contain halogenated natural products (HNPs), some of which have toxic properties similar to those of well-known anthropogenic contaminants. Sixteen species of red, green and brown macroalgae were collected in 2017–2018 from coastal waters of the northern Baltic Sea, Sweden Atlantic and Norway Atlantic, and analyzed for bromoanisoles (BAs) and methoxylated bromodiphenyl ethers (MeO-BDEs). Target compounds were quantified by gas chromatography-low resolution mass spectrometry (GC-LRMS), with qualitative confirmation in selected species by GC-high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS). Quantified compounds were 2,4-diBA, 2,4,6-triBA, 2′-MeO-BDE68, 6-MeO-BDE47, and two tribromo-MeO-BDEs and one tetrabromo-MeO-BDE with unknown bromine substituent positions. Semiquantitative results for pentabromo-MeO-BDEs were also obtained for a few species by GC-HRMS. Three extraction methods were compared; soaking in methanol, soaking in methanol–dichloromethane, and blending with mixed solvents. Extraction yields of BAs did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) with the three methods and the two soaking methods gave equivalent yields of MeO-BDEs. Extraction efficiencies of MeO-BDEs were significantly lower using the blend method (p < 0.05). For reasons of simplicity and efficiency, the soaking methods are preferred. Concentrations varied by orders of magnitude among species: ∑2BAs 57 to 57 700 and ∑5MeO-BDEs < 10 to 476 pg g−1 wet weight (ww). Macroalgae standing out with ∑2BAs >1000 pg g−1 ww were Ascophyllum nodosum, Ceramium tenuicorne, Ceramium virgatum, Fucus radicans, Fucus serratus, Fucus vesiculosus, Saccharina latissima, Laminaria digitata, and Acrosiphonia/Spongomorpha sp. Species A. nodosum, C. tenuicorne, Chara virgata, F. radicans and F. vesiculosus (Sweden Atlantic only) had ∑5MeO-BDEs >100 pg g−1ww. Profiles of individual compounds showed distinct differences among species and locations.
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| 12. |
- Bidleman, Terry F., et al.
(författare)
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Sea-air exchange of bromoanisoles and methoxylated bromodiphenylethers in the Northern Baltic
- 2016
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 112:1-2, s. 58-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Halogenated natural products in biota of the Baltic Sea include bromoanisoles (BAs) and methoxylated bromodiphenyl ethers (MeO-BDEs). We identified biogenic 6-MeO-BDE47 and 2'-MeO-BDE68 in Baltic water and air for the first time using gas chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometry. Partial pressures in air were related to temperature by: log p/Pa=m/T(K)+b. We determined Henry's law constants (HLCs) of 2,4-dibromoanisole (2,4-DiBA) and 2,4,6-tribromoanisole (2,4,6-TriBA) from 5 to 30°C and revised our assessment of gas exchange in the northern Baltic. The new water/air fugacity ratios (FRs) were lower, but still indicated net volatilization in May-June for 2,4-DiBA and May - September for 2,4,6-TriBA. The net flux (negative) of BAs from Bothnian Bay (38,000km2) between May - September was revised from -1319 to -532kg. FRs of MeO-BDEs were >1, suggesting volatilization, although this is tentative due to uncertainties in their HLCs and binding to dissolved organic carbon.
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| 13. |
- Bidleman, Terry F., et al.
(författare)
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Will Climate Change Influence Production and Environmental Pathways of Halogenated Natural Products?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - Washington, DC, USA : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 54:11, s. 6468-6485
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thousands of halogenated natural products (HNPs) pervade the terrestrial and marine environment. HNPs are generated by biotic and abiotic processes and range in complexity from low molecular mass natural halocarbons (nHCs, mostly halomethanes and haloethanes) to compounds of higher molecular mass which often contain oxygen and/or nitrogen atoms in addition to halogens (hHNPs). nHCs have a key role in regulating tropospheric and stratospheric ozone, while some hHNPs bioaccumulate and have toxic properties similar those of anthropogenic-persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Both chemical classes have common sources: biosynthesis by marine bacteria, phytoplankton, macroalgae, and some invertebrate animals, and both may be similarly impacted by alteration of production and transport pathways in a changing climate. The nHCs scientific community is advanced in investigating sources, atmospheric and oceanic transport, and forecasting climate change impacts through modeling. By contrast, these activities are nascent or nonexistent for hHNPs. The goals of this paper are to (1) review production, sources, distribution, and transport pathways of nHCs and hHNPs through water and air, pointing out areas of commonality, (2) by analogy to nHCs, argue that climate change may alter these factors for hHNPs, and (3) suggest steps to improve linkage between nHCs and hHNPs science to better understand and predict climate change impacts.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Boström, G, et al.
(författare)
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Socioeconomic differences in smoking in an urban Swedish population. The bias introduced by non-participation in a mailed questionnaire.
- 1993
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of social medicine. - 0300-8037. ; 21:2, s. 77-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stockholm Health of the Population Study is a cross-sectional study carried out from 1984-85. Postal questionnaires, telephone interviews and health interviews were used to get information from a sample of 5,199 persons, 18-64 years of age, on health status, risk exposures, healthcare consumption and social factors. Non-participation with respect to the postal questionnaire was 36.8%. With subsequent telephone interviews and an invitation to a health interview, non-participation was reduced to 17.8%. The estimated prevalence of daily smoking increased from 36.1% to 38.7. The non-responders had a higher prevalence of daily smoking in all sub-groups. This effect of the efforts to reduce non-participation differed socially. The prevalence of smoking for men, 40-64 years of age, who were reached by telephone was 60.3%. Male professionals and intermediate non-manual workers, 40-64 years of age reached by telephone had a prevalence of smoking, which was twice as high as for the responders of the questionnaire (62.5 and 26.8%, respectively). In the younger age-group, non-responders had the same socioeconomic pattern in smoking as the responders. Independent of socioeconomic group, there was a tendency of ill or disabled smokers to respond more quickly than healthy smokers. Using a postal questionnaire with a high non-response rate might lead to an overestimation of socioeconomic differences and an underestimation of smoking prevalence.
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| 16. |
- Bremander, Ann, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Smoking Is Associated with Worse and More Widespread Pain, Worse Disease Activity, Function, Fatigue and Health Related Quality of Life in Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis : Results From a Population Based Cohort
- 2012
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Ingår i: Arthritis and Rheumatism. - Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons. - 0004-3591 .- 1529-0131. ; 64:S10, s. S43-S43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In subjects with early axial Spondyloarthritis (SpA) smoking has recently been associated with earlier onset of disease, worse lesions of the sacroiliac joints and in later stages syndesmophyte progression. The aim was to study associations of smoking habits with self-reported information in a large population based cohort of patients with axial SpA.Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey performed in 2009 included all health care seeking subjects aged >18 years with a diagnosis of SpA according to ICD 10 codes identified by a regional health care register (n=3711). Smoking habits were studied in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS, ICD M45) and in patients who fulfilled criteria for “non AS axial SpA” (without having one of AS). Criteria for non AS axial SpA were based on data from the questionnaire: pain for 3 months or more during the last 12 months together with 2 or more features out of 5 (inflammatory back pain, history of psoriasis, uveitis/tendinitis, inflammatory bowel disease or heredity). The questionnaire included data on smoking (never smokers vs. ever smokers), disease activity (BASDAI) physical function (BASFI), general health (BAS-G) all measured with numerical rating scales 0-10 (best to worst), health related quality of life (EQ-5D, 0-1 worst to best), pain, fatigue (numerical rating scales 0-10 best to worst) and number of painful regions noted on a pain mannequin (0-16 best to worst). Linear regression analysis was performed and all data were controlled for sex and age.Results: Response rate was 76% whereof 2167 (58%) returned the questionnaire and 18% declined participation in the study. 598 subjects had an AS diagnose and 572 fulfilled the criteria for non AS axial SpA.The AS group had a mean age of 54 (SD14) years and 35% were women. Never smokers constituted 48% of the AS group. Ever smokers had worse scores in all studied variables compared with never smokers.The linear regression analysis showed that ever smokers in the AS group had worse self-reported scores in BASDAI with age-sex adjusted parameter estimate (B) = 0.60 (95% CI 0.21 ; 1.00), BASFI B = 0.51 (95% CI 0.11 ; 0.91) and fatigue B = 0.51 (95% CI 0.06 ; 1.00) . There was a tendency to worse scores for ever smokers also in EQ-5D B = -0.04 (95% CI -0.09 ; 0.001)Mean age in the non AS axial SpA group was 55 (SD 14) years and 68% were women. Never smokers constituted 38% of this group. Also in the non AS axial SpA group the linear regression analysis showed that ever smokers had worse self-reported scores in BASDAI with age-sex adjusted parameter estimate (B) = 0.59 (95% CI 0.23 ; 0.94), BASFI B = 0.59 (95% CI 0.17 ; 1.00), pain B = 0.45 (95% CI 0.08 ; 0.82) and fatigue B = 0.43 (95% CI 0.03 ; 0.83), no of painful areas B = 0.73 (95% CI 0.06 ; 1.46) and also in EQ-5D B = -0.06 (95% CI -0.11 ; -0.002). Conclusion: In a large population based axial SpA cohort, both patients with AS and non AS axial SpA who were ever smokers reported worse clinical features compared with never smokers. Further longitudinal studies are needed to better understand cause and effect. However, smoking cessation should be recommended not only due to general health perspectives but also due to disease specific issues.References1Smokers in early axial spondyloarthritis have earlier disease onset, more disease activity, inflammation and damage, and poorer function and health-related quality of life: results from the DESIR cohort. Chung HY, Machado P, van der Heijde D, D'Agostino MA, Dougados M. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012 Jun;71(6):809-16.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Chen, Y, et al.
(författare)
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Follicular Helper T-Cell-Based Classification of Endometrial Cancer Promotes Precise Checkpoint Immunotherapy and Provides Prognostic Stratification
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 12, s. 788959-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the fact that management of EC is moving towards four TCGA-based molecular classifications, a pronounced variation in immune response among these molecular subtypes limits its clinical use. We aimed to investigate the determinant biomarker of ICI response in endometrial cancer (EC). We characterized transcriptome signatures associated with tumor immune microenvironment in EC. Two immune infiltration signatures were identified from the TCGA database (n = 520). The high- and low-infiltration clusters were compared for differences in patient clinical characteristics, genomic features, and immune cell transcription signatures for ICI prediction. A Lasso Cox regression model was applied to construct a prognostic gene signature. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve, Kaplan–Meier curve, nomogram, and decision curve analyses were used to assess the prediction capacity. The efficacy of potential biomarker was validated by the Karolinska endometrial cancer cohort (n = 260). Immune signature profiling suggested that T follicular helper–like cells (Tfh) may be an important and favorable factor for EC; high Tfh infiltration showed potential for clinical use in the anti-PD-1 treatment. A Tfh Infiltration Risk Model (TIRM) established using eight genes was validated, and it outperformed the Immune Infiltration Risk Model. The TIRM had a stable prognostic value in combination with clinical risk factors and could be considered as a valuable tool in a clinical prediction model. We identified CRABP1 as an individual poor prognostic factor in EC. The Tfh-based classification distinguishes immune characteristics and predicts ICI efficacy. A nomogram based on Tfh-related risk score accurately predicted the prognosis of patients with EC, demonstrating superior performance to TCGA-based classification.
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| 19. |
- Chen, Y, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of an RNA-Binding-Protein-Based Prognostic Model for Ewing Sarcoma
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cancers. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6694. ; 13:15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are important transcriptomic regulators and may be important in tumorigenesis. Here, we sought to investigate the clinical impact of RBPs for patients with Ewing sarcoma (ES). ES transcriptome signatures were characterized from four previously published cohorts and grouped into new training and validation cohorts. A total of three distinct subtypes were identified and compared for differences in patient prognosis and RBP signatures. Next, univariate Cox and Lasso regression models were used to identify hub prognosis-related RBPs and construct a prognostic risk model, and prediction capacity was assessed through time-dependent receiver operating characteristics (ROCs), Kaplan–Meier curves, and nomograms. Across the three RBP subtypes, 29 significant prognostic-associated RBP genes were identified, of which 10 were used to build and validate an RBP-associated prognostic risk model (RPRM) that had a stable predictive value and could be considered valuable for clinical risk-stratification of ES. A comparison with immunohistochemistry validation showed a significant association between overall survival and NSUN7 immunoreactivity, which was an independent favorable prognostic marker. The association of RBP signatures with ES clinical prognosis provides a strong rationale for further investigation into RBPs molecular mechanisms.
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| 20. |
- Chen, Y, et al.
(författare)
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Immunological Classification of Pancreatic Carcinomas to Identify Immune Index and Provide a Strategy for Patient Stratification
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 12, s. 719105-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer immunotherapy has produced significant positive clinical effects in a variety of tumor types. However, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is widely considered to be a “cold” cancer with poor immunogenicity. Our aim is to determine the detailed immune features of PDAC to seek new treatment strategies.MethodsThe immune cell abundance of PDAC patients was evaluated with the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) using 119 immune gene signatures. Based on these data, patients were classified into different immune subtypes (ISs) according to immune gene signatures. We analyzed their response patterns to immunotherapy in the datasets, then established an immune index to reflect the different degrees of immune infiltration through linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Finally, potential prognostic markers associated with the immune index were identified based on weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) that was functionally validated in vitro.ResultsThree ISs were identified in PDAC, of which IS3 had the best prognosis across all three cohorts. The different expressions of immune profiles among the three ISs indicated a distinct responsiveness to immunotherapies in PDAC subtypes. By calculating the immune index, we found that the IS3 represented higher immune infiltration, while IS1 represented lower immune infiltration. Among the investigated signatures, we identified ZNF185, FANCG, and CSTF2 as risk factors associated with immune index that could potentially facilitate diagnosis and could be therapeutic target markers in PDAC patients.ConclusionsOur findings identified immunologic subtypes of PDAC with distinct prognostic implications, which allowed us to establish an immune index to represent the immune infiltration in each subtype. These results show the importance of continuing investigation of immunotherapy and will allow clinical workers to personalized treatment more effectively in PDAC patients.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Ciers, Joachim, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Smooth GaN membranes by polarization-assisted electrochemical etching
- 2021
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 118:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- III-nitride membranes offer promising perspectives and improved device designs in photonics, electronics, and optomechanics. However, the removal of the growth substrate often leads to a rough membrane surface, which increases scattering losses in optical devices. In this work, we demonstrate membranes with etched surface roughness comparable to that of the as-grown epitaxial material, accomplished by the implementation of a properly designed built-in polarization field near the top of the sacrificial layer from an AlInN interlayer, which is polarization-mismatched to GaN. This leads to a steeper reduction in free carrier density during the electrochemical etching of the sacrificial layer, limiting the etching current and thus causing an abrupter etch stop. As a result, the root mean square roughness is reduced to 0.4nm over 5x5 mu m(2). These smooth membranes open attractive pathways for the fabrication of high-quality optical cavities and waveguides operating in the ultraviolet and visible spectral regions.
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| 23. |
- Davani, Hooman A., et al.
(författare)
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Polarization investigation of a tunable high-speed short-wavelength bulk-micromachined MEMS-VCSEL
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. - 9780819489197 ; 8276, s. Art. no. 82760T-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the investigation of the state of polarization (SOP) of a tunable vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) operating near 850 nm with a mode-hop free single-mode tuning range of about 12 nm and an amplitude modulation bandwidth of about 5 GHz. In addition, the effect of a sub-wavelength grating on the device and its influence on the polarization stability and polarization switching has been investigated. The VCSEL with an integrated sub-wavelength grating shows a stable SOP with a polarization mode suppression ratio (PMSR) more than 35 dB during the tuning.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Edsjö, A., et al.
(författare)
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Molecular pathology - the key to precision oncology
- 2021
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 1652-7518. ; 118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rapidly expanding knowledge of the molecular landscape of cancers has resulted in the implementation of an increasing number of specific therapies targeted at tumors with specific molecular aberrations. In response to this development, new tools for predictive testing for molecular targets need to be implemented in routine health care. To achieve robust future molecular diagnostic pathology, and equal opportunity for patients to qualify for targeted therapy, the national working group for Solid Tumors in the initiative Genomic Medicine Sweden (GMS) aims to implement regional and national platforms for comprehensive genomic tumor profiling and linked analysis pipelines. Novel IT-infrastrucutures and recruitment of bioinformaticians and molecular biologists to hospital labotatories are paramount. The infrastructure will allow wider inclusion into clinical trials and supplement the national cancer registries with molecular »real world data« for research and evaluation of implemented cancer therapies and diagnostic procedures.
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