| 1. |
- Feroci, M., et al.
(författare)
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The Large Observatory for X-ray Timing (LOFT)
- 2012
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Ingår i: Experimental Astronomy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0922-6435 .- 1572-9508. ; 34:2, s. 415-444
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-time-resolution X-ray observations of compact objects provide direct access to strong-field gravity, to the equation of state of ultradense matter and to black hole masses and spins. A 10 m(2)-class instrument in combination with good spectral resolution is required to exploit the relevant diagnostics and answer two of the fundamental questions of the European Space Agency (ESA) Cosmic Vision Theme "Matter under extreme conditions", namely: does matter orbiting close to the event horizon follow the predictions of general relativity? What is the equation of state of matter in neutron stars? The Large Observatory For X-ray Timing (LOFT), selected by ESA as one of the four Cosmic Vision M3 candidate missions to undergo an assessment phase, will revolutionise the study of collapsed objects in our galaxy and of the brightest supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei. Thanks to an innovative design and the development of large-area monolithic silicon drift detectors, the Large Area Detector (LAD) on board LOFT will achieve an effective area of similar to 12 m(2) (more than an order of magnitude larger than any spaceborne predecessor) in the 2-30 keV range (up to 50 keV in expanded mode), yet still fits a conventional platform and small/medium-class launcher. With this large area and a spectral resolution of < 260 eV, LOFT will yield unprecedented information on strongly curved spacetimes and matter under extreme conditions of pressure and magnetic field strength.
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| 2. |
- Yan, C., et al.
(författare)
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Size-dependent influence of NOx on the growth rates of organic aerosol particles
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science Advances. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2375-2548. ; 6:22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atmospheric new-particle formation (NPF) affects climate by contributing to a large fraction of the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) drive the early particle growth and therefore substantially influence the survival of newly formed particles to CCN. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) is known to suppress the NPF driven by HOMs, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we examine the response of particle growth to the changes of HOM formation caused by NOx. We show that NOx suppresses particle growth in general, but the suppression is rather nonuniform and size dependent, which can be quantitatively explained by the shifted HOM volatility after adding NOx. By illustrating how NOx affects the early growth of new particles, a critical step of CCN formation, our results help provide a refined assessment of the potential climatic effects caused by the diverse changes of NOx level in forest regions around the globe.
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| 3. |
- Kim, J., et al.
(författare)
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Hygroscopicity of nanoparticles produced from homogeneous nucleation in the CLOUD experiments
- 2016
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 16:1, s. 293-304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sulfuric acid, amines and oxidized organics have been found to be important compounds in the nucleation and initial growth of atmospheric particles. Because of the challenges involved in determining the chemical composition of objects with very small mass, however, the properties of the freshly nucleated particles and the detailed pathways of their formation processes are still not clear. In this study,we focus on a challenging size range, i.e., particles that have grown to diameters of 10 and 15 nm following nucleation, and measure their water uptake. Water uptake is useful information for indirectly obtaining chemical composition of aerosol particles. We use a nanometer-hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer (nano-HTDMA) at sub-saturated conditions (ca. 90% relative humidity at 293 K) to measure the hygroscopicity of particles during the seventh Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets (CLOUD7) campaign performed at CERN in 2012. In CLOUD7, the hygroscopicity of nucleated nanoparticles was measured in the presence of sulfuric acid, sulfuric acid-dimethylamine, and sulfuric acid-organics derived from alpha-pinene oxidation. The hygroscopicity parameter kappa decreased with increasing particle size, indicating decreasing acidity of particles. No clear effect of the sulfuric acid concentration on the hygroscopicity of 10 nm particles produced from sulfuric acid and dimethylamine was observed, whereas the hygroscopicity of 15 nm particles sharply decreased with decreasing sulfuric acid concentrations. In particular, when the concentration of sulfuric acid was 5.1 x 10(6) molecules cm(-3) in the gas phase, and the dimethylamine mixing ratio was 11.8 ppt, the measured kappa of 15 nm particles was 0.31 +/- 0.01: close to the value reported for dimethylaminium sulfate (DMAS) (kappa(DMAS) similar to 0.28). Furthermore, the difference in kappa between sulfuric acid and sulfuric acid-dimethylamine experiments increased with increasing particle size. The kappa values of particles in the presence of sulfuric acid and organics were much smaller than those of particles in the presence of sulfuric acid and dimethylamine. This suggests that the organics produced from alpha-pinene ozonolysis play a significant role in particle growth even at 10 nm sizes.
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| 4. |
- Sarmiento Pico, Luis, et al.
(författare)
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Elucidating the nature of the proton radioactivity and branching ratio on the first proton emitter discovered 53mCo
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - 2041-1723. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The observation of a weak proton-emission branch in the decay of the 3174keV 53mCo isomeric state marked the discovery of proton radioactivity in atomic nuclei in 1970. Here we show, based on the partial half-lives and the decay energies of the possible proton-emission branches, that the exceptionally high angular momentum barriers, lp = 9 and lp = 7, play a key role in hindering the proton radioactivity from 53mCo, making them very challenging to observe and calculate. Indeed, experiments had to wait decades for significant advances in accelerator facilities and multi-faceted state-of-the-art decay stations to gain full access to all observables. Combining data taken with the TASISpec decay station at the Accelerator Laboratory of the University of Jyväskylä, Finland, and the ACTAR TPC device on LISE3 at GANIL, France, we measured their branching ratios as bp1 = 1.3(1)% and bp2 = 0.025(4)%. These results were compared to cutting-edge shell-model and barrier penetration calculations. This description reproduces the order of magnitude of the branching ratios and partial half-lives, despite their very small spectroscopic factors.
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| 5. |
- Nesterenko, D. A., et al.
(författare)
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High-precision mass measurements for the isobaric multiplet mass equation at A = 52
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0954-3899 .- 1361-6471. ; 44:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Masses of 52Co, 52Com, 52Fe, 52Fem, and 52Mn have been measured with the JYFLTRAP double Penning trap mass spectrometer. The isobaric multiplet mass equation for the T = 2 quintet at A = 52 has been studied employing the new mass values. No significant breakdown (beyond the level) of the quadratic form of the IMME was observed (). The cubic coefficient was 6.0(32) keV (). The excitation energies for the isomer and the T = 2 isobaric analog state in 52Co have been determined to be 374(13) keV and 2922(13) keV, respectively. The measured mass values for 52Co and 52Com are 29(10) keV and 16(15) keV higher, respectively, than obtained in a recent storage-ring experiment, and significantly lower than predicted by extrapolations. Consequently, this has an impact on the proton separation energies for 52Co and 53Ni relevant for the astrophysical rapid proton capture process. The Q value for the proton decay from the isomer in 53Co has been determined with an unprecedented precision, keV.
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| 6. |
- Smith, D. L., et al.
(författare)
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Lifetime measurements of the negative-parity 7(-) and 8(-) states in Cd-122
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 77:1, s. 014309-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Advanced Time-Delayed beta gamma gamma(t) method was used to measure lifetimes of selected high-spin states in Cd-122 populated from beta(-) decay of the J(pi)=(9(-)) isomer in Ag-122. From the gamma gamma coincidences, a new energy level was established at 2616.6 keV with a suggested spin-parity assignment of 8(-). Lifetimes were determined for the high-spin states at 2616.6 and 2502.7 keV as T-1/2=1.35(29) ns and 0.24(6) ns, respectively. The transition rates for gamma rays de-exciting the 7(-) states in the N=74 isotones of Cd-122, Sn-124, and Te-126 were found to be very similar.
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| 7. |
- Gorelov, D., et al.
(författare)
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Developments for neutron-induced fission at IGISOL-4
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-583X .- 1872-9584.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract At the IGISOL-4 facility, neutron-rich, medium mass nuclei have usually been produced via charged particle-induced fission of natural uranium and thorium. Neutron-induced fission is expected to have a higher production cross section of the most neutron-rich species. Development of a neutron source along with a new ion guide continues to be one of the major goals since the commissioning of IGISOL-4. Neutron intensities at different angles from a beryllium neutron source have been measured in an on-line experiment with a 30 MeV proton beam. Recently, the new ion guide coupled to the neutron source has been tested as well. Details of the neutron source and ion guide design together with preliminary results from the first neutron-induced fission experiment at IGISOL-4 are presented in this report.
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| 8. |
- Hongisto, Valtteri, et al.
(författare)
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Sound insulation dataset of 30 wooden and 8 concrete floors tested in laboratory conditions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Data in Brief. - : Elsevier Inc.. - 2352-3409. ; 49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a Finnish-Swedish consortium project, a large amount of sound insulation tests was conducted for several intermediate floors in laboratory conditions to serve various scientific research questions. The dataset contains 30 wooden and 8 concrete constructions which are commonly used between apartments in multistorey buildings. Impact sound insulation was determined according to ISO 10140-3 standard using both tapping machine and rubber ball as standard sound sources. Airborne sound insulation was determined according to the ISO 10140-2 standard. The data are special since they have a broad frequency range: 20−5000 Hz. Data are reported in 1/3-octave frequency bands and the single-number values of ISO 717-1 and ISO 717-2 are also reported. Detailed construction drawings are available for all reported constructions. The data are highly valuable for research, education, and development purposes since all data were obtained in the same laboratory (Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland), and all the constructions were built by the same installation team. © 2023 The Authors
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| 9. |
- Kolhinen, V. S., et al.
(författare)
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Recommissioning of JYFLTRAP at the new IGISOL-4 facility
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-583X .- 1872-9584. ; 317:Part B, s. 506-509
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The JYFLTRAP double Penning-trap system was moved to a new location along with the Ion Guide Isotope Separator On-line (IGISOL) facility at the Accelerator Laboratory of the University of Jyväskylä. The move made it possible to upgrade various parts of the facility. For example, separate beam lines for JYFLTRAP and the collinear laser spectroscopy station were constructed after the radio-frequency quadrupole cooler and buncher. In this contribution we give an overview of the new JYFLTRAP facility and results from the first stable ion-beam tests.
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| 10. |
- Penttila, H., et al.
(författare)
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Independent Isotopic Product Yields in 25 MeV and 50 MeV Charged Particle Induced Fission of U-238 and Th-232
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nuclear Data Sheets. - : Elsevier BV. - 0090-3752 .- 1095-9904. ; 119, s. 334-337
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Independent isotopic yields for most elements from Zn to La in 25-MeV proton-induced fission of U-238 and Th-232 have been determined at the IGISOL facility in the University of Jyvaskyla. In addition, isotopic yields for Zn, Ga, Rb, Sr, Zr, Pd and Xe in 50-MeV proton-induced fission of U-238 and for Zn, Ga, Rb, Sr, Cd and In in 25-MeV deuterium-induced fission of U-238 have been measured. The utilised technique recently developed at the University of Jyvaskyla, is based on a combination of the ion guide technique and the ability of a Penning trap to unambiguously identify the isotopes by their atomic mass. Since the yields are determined by ion counting, no prior knowledge beyond the mass and half-life of the isotopes was needed for the measurements.
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| 11. |
- Schneider, J., et al.
(författare)
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The seasonal cycle of ice-nucleating particles linked to the abundance of biogenic aerosol in boreal forests
- 2021
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 21:5, s. 3899-3918
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) trigger the formation of cloud ice crystals in the atmosphere. Therefore, they strongly influence cloud microphysical and optical properties and precipitation and the life cycle of clouds. Improving weather forecasting and climate projection requires an appropriate formulation of atmospheric INP concentrations. This remains challenging as the global INP distribution and variability depend on a variety of aerosol types and sources, and neither their short-term variability nor their long-term seasonal cycles are well covered by continuous measurements. Here, we provide the first year-long set of observations with a pronounced INP seasonal cycle in a boreal forest environment. Besides the observed seasonal cycle in INP concentrations with a minimum in wintertime and maxima in early and late summer, we also provide indications for a seasonal variation in the prevalent INP type. We show that the seasonal dependency of INP concentrations and prevalent INP types is most likely driven by the abundance of biogenic aerosol. As current parameterizations do not reproduce this variability, we suggest a new mechanistic description for boreal forest environments which considers the seasonal variation in INP concentrations. For this, we use the ambient air temperature measured close to the ground at 4.2 m height as a proxy for the season, which appears to affect the source strength of biogenic emissions and, thus, the INP abundance over the boreal forest. Furthermore, we provide new INP parameterizations based on the Ice Nucleation Active Surface Site (INAS) approach, which specifically describes the ice nucleation activity of boreal aerosols particles prevalent in different seasons. Our results characterize the boreal forest as an important but variable INP source and provide new perspectives to describe these new findings in atmospheric models.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Gorelov, D., et al.
(författare)
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Isomeric Yield Ratios of Fission Products Measured with the Jyfltrap
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Physica Polonica B. - 0587-4254 .- 1509-5770. ; 45:2, s. 211-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental methods to determine isomeric yield ratios usually apply gamma-spectroscopic techniques. In such methods, ground and isomeric states are distinguished by their decays. In the present work, several isomeric yield ratios of fission products have been measured by utilizing capabilities of the double Penning-trap mass spectrometer JYFLTRAP, where isomeric and ground state were separated by their masses. To verify the new experimental technique, the results were compared to those from gamma-spectroscopy measurements.
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| 15. |
- Hong, J., et al.
(författare)
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Hygroscopicity, CCN and volatility properties of submicron atmospheric aerosol in a boreal forest environment during the summer of 2010
- 2014
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 14:9, s. 4733-4748
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Volatility-Hygroscopicity Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (VH-TDMA) was applied to study the hygroscopicity and volatility properties of submicron atmospheric aerosol particles in a boreal forest environment in Hyytiala, Finland during the summer of 2010. Aitken and accumulation mode internally mixed particles (50 nm, 75 nm and 110 nm in diameter) were investigated. Hygroscopicity was found to increase with particle size. The relative mass fraction of organics and SO42- is probably the major contributor to the fluctuation of the hygroscopicity for all particle sizes. The Cloud Condensation Nuclei Counter (CCNC)-derived hygroscopicity parameter kappa was observed to be slightly higher than kappa calculated from VH-TDMA data under sub-saturated conditions, potential reasons for this behavior are discussed shortly. Also, the size-resolved volatility properties of particles were investigated. Upon heating, more small particles evaporated compared to large particles. There was a significant amount of aerosol volume (non-volatile material) left, even at heating temperatures of 280 degrees C. Using size resolved volatility-hygroscopicity analysis, we concluded that there was always hygroscopic material remaining in the particles at different heating temperatures, even at 280 degrees C. This indicates that the observed non-volatile aerosol material did not consist solely of black carbon.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Maaroos, M., et al.
(författare)
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Preventive Strategies for Atrial Fibrillation after Cardiac Surgery in Nordic Countries
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Surgery. - : SAGE Publications. - 1457-4969 .- 1799-7267. ; 102:3, s. 178-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aims: Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia after cardiac surgery. It increases morbidity, length of hospital stay, and costs of operative treatment. Betablockers, sotalol, amiodarone, corticosteroids, and biatrial pacing have been shown to be efficient in the prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation. The aim of this study was to find out how widely different prophylactic strategies for postoperative atrial fibrillation are used in Scandinavian countries. Material and Methods: An online link for a questionnaire was emailed to (214) cardiac surgeons in Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Estonia to assess the use of prophylactic methods for postoperative atrial fibrillation. Results: A total of 97 surgeons responded to the survey. Oral beta-blockers were routinely used for atrial fibrillation prophylaxis by 62% of responders. The main reasons for nonuse of beta-blockers were that responders were unconvinced of the evidence of benefit or they preferred some alternative prophylaxis. Intravenous beta-blockers were used frequently by 6% of responders. Amiodarone was used for prophylaxis by 18% of responders. Nonusers were unconvinced of its efficacy, were afraid of its complications, or found its use too cumbersome. Other prophylactic atrial fibrillation strategies that were used are as follows: sotalol by 2%, magnesium by 17%, corticosteroids by 1%, and atrial pacing by 11% of respondents. Conclusions: There is still widely varying implementation of strategies for atrial fibrillation prophylaxis among Scandinavian cardiac surgeons. Lack of confidence in the efficacy of these approaches is the main rationale for nonimplementation.
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| 18. |
- Beck, Lisa J., et al.
(författare)
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Differing Mechanisms of New Particle Formation at Two Arctic Sites
- 2021
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 48:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New particle formation in the Arctic atmosphere is an important source of aerosol particles. Understanding the processes of Arctic secondary aerosol formation is crucial due to their significant impact on cloud properties and therefore Arctic amplification. We observed the molecular formation of new particles from low-volatility vapors at two Arctic sites with differing surroundings. In Svalbard, sulfuric acid (SA) and methane sulfonic acid (MSA) contribute to the formation of secondary aerosol and to some extent to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). This occurs via ion-induced nucleation of SA and NH3 and subsequent growth by mainly SA and MSA condensation during springtime and highly oxygenated organic molecules during summertime. By contrast, in an ice-covered region around Villum, we observed new particle formation driven by iodic acid but its concentration was insufficient to grow nucleated particles to CCN sizes. Our results provide new insight about sources and precursors of Arctic secondary aerosol particles.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Gorelov, D., et al.
(författare)
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Measuring independent yields of fission products using a penning trap
- 2015
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Ingår i: Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics. - 1062-8738. ; 79:7, s. 869-871
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new method for determining independent fission products is used in an experiment at the Accelerator Laboratory of the University of Jyväskylä. The method combines the chemical universality of the ion guide technique and the unique properties of the Penning trap. A beam of charged particles is formed by stopping fission products in gaseous helium. The Penning trap is employed as a highly accurate filter to identify particles by their mass. The yields of fission products are determined by the ion count downstream of the trap. The setup’s mass resolving power is on the order of 105 with a radio frequency excitation time of 400 ms. Such high mass resolution occasionally allows us not only to separate nuclides but to separate the isomeric and ground states of nuclei as well. Independent yields of fission products are measured in the fission reaction of the 232Th isotope by protons with an energy of 25 MeV. A short description of the method ae nd soexperimental data are supplememnted by the results fro theoretical calculations.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Lehtipalo, Katrianne, et al.
(författare)
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Multicomponent new particle formation from sulfuric acid, ammonia, and biogenic vapors
- 2018
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Ingår i: Science Advances. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2375-2548. ; 4:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major fraction of atmospheric aerosol particles, which affect both air quality and climate, form from gaseous precursors in the atmosphere. Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs), formed by oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds, are known to participate in particle formation and growth. However, it is not well understood how they interact with atmospheric pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx) from fossil fuel combustion, as well as ammonia (NH3) from livestock and fertilizers. Here, we show how NOx suppresses particle formation, while HOMs, sulfuric acid, and NH3 have a synergistic enhancing effect on particle formation. We postulate a novel mechanism, involving HOMs, sulfuric acid, and ammonia, which is able to closely reproduce observations of particle formation and growth in daytime boreal forest and similar environments. The findings elucidate the complex interactions between biogenic and anthropogenic vapors in the atmospheric aerosol system.
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| 24. |
- Lehtipalo, Katrianne, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of acid-base clustering and ions on the growth of atmospheric nano-particles
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The growth of freshly formed aerosol particles can be the bottleneck in their survival to cloud condensation nuclei. It is therefore crucial to understand how particles grow in the atmosphere. Insufficient experimental data has impeded a profound understanding of nano-particle growth under atmospheric conditions. Here we study nano-particle growth in the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoors Droplets) chamber, starting from the formation of molecular clusters. We present measured growth rates at sub-3 nm sizes with different atmospherically relevant concentrations of sulphuric acid, water, ammonia and dimethylamine. We find that atmospheric ions and small acid-base clusters, which are not generally accounted for in the measurement of sulphuric acid vapour, can participate in the growth process, leading to enhanced growth rates. The availability of compounds capable of stabilizing sulphuric acid clusters governs the magnitude of these effects and thus the exact growth mechanism. We bring these observations into a coherent framework and discuss their significance in the atmosphere.
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| 25. |
- Ostensen, R, et al.
(författare)
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ESO & NOT photometric monitoring of the Cloverleaf quasar
- 1997
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Ingår i: ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES. - : E D P SCIENCES. - 0365-0138. ; 126:3, s. 393-400
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Cloverleaf quasar, H1413+117, has been photometrically monitored at ESO (La Silla, Chile) and with the NOT (La Palma, Spain) during the period 1987-1994. All good quality CCD frames have been successfully analysed using two independent methods (i.e. a
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