| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Thomas, HS, et al.
(författare)
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- 2019
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Adam, A, et al.
(författare)
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Abstracts from Hydrocephalus 2016.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-8118. ; 14:Suppl 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Sator, Lea, et al.
(författare)
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Overdiagnosis of COPD in Subjects With Unobstructed Spirometry A BOLD Analysis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Chest. - : Elsevier BV. - 0012-3692 .- 1931-3543. ; 156:2, s. 277-288
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: There are several reports on underdiagnosis of COPD, while little is known about COPD overdiagnosis and overtreatment. We describe the overdiagnosis and the prevalence of spirometrically defined false positive COPD, as well as their relationship with overtreatment across 23 population samples in 20 countries participating in the BOLD Study between 2003 and 2012.METHODS: A false positive diagnosis of COPD was considered when participants reported a doctor's diagnosis of COPD, but postbronchodilator spirometry was unobstructed (FEV1/FVC > LLN). Additional analyses were performed using the fixed ratio criterion (FEV1/FVC < 0.7).RESULTS: Among 16,177 participants, 919 (5.7%) reported a previous medical diagnosis of COPD. Postbronchodilator spirometry was unobstructed in 569 subjects (61.9%): false positive COPD. A similar rate of overdiagnosis was seen when using the fixed ratio criterion (55.3%). In a subgroup analysis excluding participants who reported a diagnosis of "chronic bronchitis" or "emphysema" (n = 220), 37.7% had no airflow limitation. The site-specific prevalence of false positive COPD varied greatly, from 1.9% in low- to middle-income countries to 4.9% in high-income countries. In multivariate analysis, overdiagnosis was more common among women, and was associated with higher education; former and current smoking; the presence of wheeze, cough, and phlegm; and concomitant medical diagnosis of asthma or heart disease. Among the subjects with false positive COPD, 45.7% reported current use of respiratory medication. Excluding patients with reported asthma, 34.4% of those with normal spirometry still used a respiratory medication.CONCLUSIONS: False positive COPD is frequent. This might expose nonobstructed subjects to possible adverse effects of respiratory medication.
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| 6. |
- Studnicka, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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COPD : Should Diagnosis Match Physiology?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Chest. - : Elsevier BV. - 0012-3692 .- 1931-3543. ; 157:2, s. 473-475
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Wang, Thomas J, et al.
(författare)
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Common genetic determinants of vitamin D insufficiency: a genome-wide association study.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Lancet. - 1474-547X. ; 376:9736, s. 180-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Vitamin D is crucial for maintenance of musculoskeletal health, and might also have a role in extraskeletal tissues. Determinants of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations include sun exposure and diet, but high heritability suggests that genetic factors could also play a part. We aimed to identify common genetic variants affecting vitamin D concentrations and risk of insufficiency. METHODS: We undertook a genome-wide association study of 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in 33 996 individuals of European descent from 15 cohorts. Five epidemiological cohorts were designated as discovery cohorts (n=16 125), five as in-silico replication cohorts (n=9367), and five as de-novo replication cohorts (n=8504). 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay, chemiluminescent assay, ELISA, or mass spectrometry. Vitamin D insufficiency was defined as concentrations lower than 75 nmol/L or 50 nmol/L. We combined results of genome-wide analyses across cohorts using Z-score-weighted meta-analysis. Genotype scores were constructed for confirmed variants. FINDINGS: Variants at three loci reached genome-wide significance in discovery cohorts for association with 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and were confirmed in replication cohorts: 4p12 (overall p=1.9x10(-109) for rs2282679, in GC); 11q12 (p=2.1x10(-27) for rs12785878, near DHCR7); and 11p15 (p=3.3x10(-20) for rs10741657, near CYP2R1). Variants at an additional locus (20q13, CYP24A1) were genome-wide significant in the pooled sample (p=6.0x10(-10) for rs6013897). Participants with a genotype score (combining the three confirmed variants) in the highest quartile were at increased risk of having 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations lower than 75 nmol/L (OR 2.47, 95% CI 2.20-2.78, p=2.3x10(-48)) or lower than 50 nmol/L (1.92, 1.70-2.16, p=1.0x10(-26)) compared with those in the lowest quartile. INTERPRETATION: Variants near genes involved in cholesterol synthesis, hydroxylation, and vitamin D transport affect vitamin D status. Genetic variation at these loci identifies individuals who have substantially raised risk of vitamin D insufficiency. FUNDING: Full funding sources listed at end of paper (see Acknowledgments).
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Amemiya, Chris T., et al.
(författare)
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The African coelacanth genome provides insights into tetrapod evolution
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 496:7445, s. 311-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The discovery of a living coelacanth specimen in 1938 was remarkable, as this lineage of lobe-finned fish was thought to have become extinct 70 million years ago. The modern coelacanth looks remarkably similar to many of its ancient relatives, and its evolutionary proximity to our own fish ancestors provides a glimpse of the fish that first walked on land. Here we report the genome sequence of the African coelacanth, Latimeria chalumnae. Through a phylogenomic analysis, we conclude that the lungfish, and not the coelacanth, is the closest living relative of tetrapods. Coelacanth protein-coding genes are significantly more slowly evolving than those of tetrapods, unlike other genomic features. Analyses of changes in genes and regulatory elements during the vertebrate adaptation to land highlight genes involved in immunity, nitrogen excretion and the development of fins, tail, ear, eye, brain and olfaction. Functional assays of enhancers involved in the fin-to-limb transition and in the emergence of extra-embryonic tissues show the importance of the coelacanth genome as a blueprint for understanding tetrapod evolution.
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| 10. |
- Haenssle, H A, et al.
(författare)
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Man against machine: diagnostic performance of a deep learning convolutional neural network for dermoscopic melanoma recognition in comparison to 58 dermatologists.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Annals of Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1569-8041 .- 0923-7534. ; 29:8, s. 1836-1842
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deep learning convolutional neural networks (CNN) may facilitate melanoma detection, but data comparing a CNN's diagnostic performance to larger groups of dermatologists are lacking.Google's Inception v4 CNN architecture was trained and validated using dermoscopic images and corresponding diagnoses. In a comparative cross-sectional reader study a 100-image test-set was used (level-I: dermoscopy only; level-II: dermoscopy plus clinical information and images). Main outcome measures were sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) for diagnostic classification (dichotomous) of lesions by the CNN versus an international group of 58 dermatologists during level-I or -II of the reader study. Secondary end points included the dermatologists' diagnostic performance in their management decisions and differences in the diagnostic performance of dermatologists during level-I and -II of the reader study. Additionally, the CNN's performance was compared with the top-five algorithms of the 2016 International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI) challenge.In level-I dermatologists achieved a mean (±standard deviation) sensitivity and specificity for lesion classification of 86.6% (±9.3%) and 71.3% (±11.2%), respectively. More clinical information (level-II) improved the sensitivity to 88.9% (±9.6%, P=0.19) and specificity to 75.7% (±11.7%, P<0.05). The CNN ROC curve revealed a higher specificity of 82.5% when compared with dermatologists in level-I (71.3%, P<0.01) and level-II (75.7%, P<0.01) at their sensitivities of 86.6% and 88.9%, respectively. The CNN ROC AUC was greater than the mean ROC area of dermatologists (0.86 versus 0.79, P<0.01). The CNN scored results close to the top three algorithms of the ISBI 2016 challenge.For the first time we compared a CNN's diagnostic performance with a large international group of 58 dermatologists, including 30 experts. Most dermatologists were outperformed by the CNN. Irrespective of any physicians' experience, they may benefit from assistance by a CNN's image classification.This study was registered at the German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS-Study-ID: DRKS00013570; https://www.drks.de/drks_web/).
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| 11. |
- Jalloh, Mohamed F., et al.
(författare)
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Drivers of COVID-19 policy stringency in 175 countries and territories : COVID-19 cases and deaths, gross domestic products per capita, and health expenditures
- 2022
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective: To understand the associations of COVID-19 cases and deaths with policy stringency globally and regionally.Methods: We modeled the marginal effects of new COVID-19 cases and deaths on policy stringency (scored 0–100) in 175 countries and territories, adjusting for gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and health expenditure (% of GDP). Time periods examined were March–August 2020, September 2020– February 2021, and March–August 2021.Results: Policy response to new cases and deaths was faster and more stringent early in the COVID-19 pandemic (March–August 2020) compared to subsequent periods. New deaths were more strongly associated with stringent policies than new cases. In an average week, 1 new death per 100,000 people was associated with a stringency increase of 2.1 units in March–August 2020, 1.3 units in September 2020–February 2021, and 0.7 units in March–August 2021. New deaths in Africa and the Western Pacific were associated with more stringency than in other regions. Higher health expenditure was associated with less stringent policies. GDP per capita did not have consistent patterns of associations with stringency.Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate the need for enhanced mortality surveillance to ensure policy alignment during health emergencies. Countries that invest less of their GDP in health are inclined to enact stringent policies during health emergencies than countries with more significant health expenditure.
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| 12. |
- Jalloh, Mohamed F., et al.
(författare)
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Drivers of COVID-19 policy stringency in 175 countries and territories : COVID-19 cases and deaths, gross domestic products per capita, and health expenditures
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Global Health. - : International Society of Global Health (ISoGH). - 2047-2978 .- 2047-2986. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: New data on COVID-19 may influence the stringency of containment policies, but these potential effect are not understood. We aimed to understand the associations of new COVID-19 cases and deaths with policy stringency globally and regionally.Methods: We modelled the marginal effects of new COVID-19 cases and deaths on policy stringency (scored 0-100) in 175 countries and territories, adjusting for gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and health expenditure (% of GDP), and public expenditure on health. The time periods examined were March to August 2020, September 2020 to February 2021, and March to August 2021.Results: Policy response to new cases and deaths was faster and more stringent early in the COVID-19 pandemic (March to August 2020) compared to subsequent periods. New deaths were more strongly associated with stringent policies than new cases. In an average week, one new death per 100 000 people was associated with a stringency increase of 2.1 units in the March to August 2020 period, 1.3 units in the September 2020 to February 2021 period, and 0.7 units in the March to August 2021 period. New deaths in Africa and the Western Pacific were associated with more stringency than in other regions. Higher health expenditure as a percentage of GDP was associated with less stringent policies. Similarly, higher public expenditure on health by governments was mostly associated with less stringency across all three periods. GDP per capita did not have consistent patterns of associations with stringency.Conclusions: The stringency of COVID-19 policies was more strongly associated with new deaths than new cases. Our findings demonstrate the need for enhanced mortality surveillance to ensure policy alignment during health emergencies. Countries that invest less in health or have a lower public expenditure on health may be inclined to enact more stringent policies. This new empirical understanding of COVID-19 policy drivers can help public health officials anticipate and shape policy responses in future health emergencies.
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| 13. |
- Li, F, et al.
(författare)
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Recruitment of multiple cell lines by collagen-synthetic copolymer matrices in corneal regeneration
- 2005
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Ingår i: Biomaterials. - : Elsevier. - 0142-9612 .- 1878-5905. ; 26:16, s. 3093-3104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Collagen hydrogel matrices with high optical clarity have been developed from collagen 1, cross-linked with a copolymer based on N-isopropylacrylamide, acrylic acid and acryloxysuccinimide. The controlled reaction of collagen amine groups with this copolymer under neutral pH and aqueous conditions gave robust, optically clear hydrogels and prevented the excessive collagen fibrillogenesis that can lead to collagen opacity. These sterile, non-cytotoxic hydrogels allowed epithelial cell overgrowth and both stromal cell and nerve neurite ingrowth from the host tissue. This regenerative ability appeared to result from the high glucose permeability, nanoporosity and the presence of cell adhesion factors, RGD in collagen and the laminin pentapeptide, YIGSR, grafted onto the copolymer. Under physiological conditions, optical clarity superior to the human cornea and tensile performance adequate for suturing were obtained from some formulations. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 14. |
- Marz, Manja, et al.
(författare)
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Animal snoRNAs and scaRNAs with exceptional structures
- 2011
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Ingår i: RNA Biology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1547-6286 .- 1555-8584. ; 8:6, s. 938-946
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The overwhelming majority of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) fall into two clearly defined classes characterized by distinctive secondary structures and sequence motifs. A small group of diverse ncRNAs, however, shares the hallmarks of one or both classes of snoRNAs but differs substantially from the norm in some respects. Here, we compile the available information on these exceptional cases, conduct a thorough homology search throughout the available metazoan genomes, provide improved and expanded alignments, and investigate the evolutionary histories of these ncRNA families as well as their mutual relationships.
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| 15. |
- Said, Safwat F, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluering av asfaltkonstruktion : E6 Fastarp-Heberg
- 2008
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- During the years 1994-1996 a test road was built on E6 near Halmstad. The test road has now been trafficked, and simultaneously studied since 1996. For the present study two test sections were chosen with different bituminous mixes which were to be evaluated concerning damages caused by traffic. One of the constructions is made of the so called FAS-concept, while the other construction is a reference section with conventional roadbase mix (AG22). Wearing course, binder layer and roadbase of the section with FAS-concept is produced by NCC according to their own concept called VIACO, which is based on the idea of using stone mastic asphalt (SMA) principle for all bituminous bound layers. The evaluation is based on laboratory studies of bore cores, an analysis of falling weight measurements, temperature measurements from field stations and theoretical calculations. The main purpose of this project is to evaluate alternative bituminous constructions and to present an evaluation method with relevant criteria concerning the service life related to fatigue cracking. The FAS-concept, which implies that material of good quality is chosen and that the stresses on the construction are diminished, has shown considerable longer fatigue life than the construction with conventional mixes. The fatigue life of the FAS-concept is several times longer that the fatigue life of the reference section. The strains in the lower part of the pavement are small and the risk of fatigue cracks at the bottom of the bituminous bound layer is minimal.
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| 16. |
- Said, Safwat F, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Förstärkning av vägkonstruktion med stålnätsarmering : 12 års uppföljning av väg E6 Ljungskile
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En sträcka på 800 meter av motorvägen E6 söder om Ljungskile, öppnad för trafik 1991, uppvisade skador i form av längsgående sprickor i hjulspåren redan efter ca 5 års trafikering. Under år 2000 hade vägen omfattande längs- och tvärgående sprickbildning samt visade en omfattande spårbildning med ojämnheter. Sträckan förstärktes genom fräsning och påbyggnad. Inom vägavsnittet anlades tre provsträckor för undersökning av stålnätsarmeringens betydelse för upphöjning och förbättring av bärigheten och motståndet mot sprickor och spår. Teststräckorna instrumenterades med töjningsgivare på den frästa ytan. Syftet är att studera stålnätets förmåga att ge ökad bärighet i vägkroppen och motverka sprickor och spårbildning i beläggningsytan. Denna rapport redovisar resultat från uppföljning efter 12 års trafik. Efter att vägen har trafikerats i 12 år visar referenssträckan omfattande längsgående sprickor i hjulspår. Det förekommer inga tydliga bärighetsrelaterade sprickbildningar på de armerade sträckorna, utom en enstaka fin, längsgående spricka i en av de armerade sträckorna (sträcka 2) och ett par tvärgående, finare sprickor som kan härröra från skarvarna i stålarmeringen i sträcka 3. Det konstateras att armeringen har haft en signifikant effekt (10–15 %) på höjning av bärighet och begränsning av spårutveckling. Omfattande stensläpp på slitlagret har förekommit på alla tre sträckor.
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| 17. |
- Said, Safwat F., et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of flow rutting in asphalt concrete layers
- 2011
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Ingår i: The international journal of pavement engineering. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1029-8436 .- 1477-268X. ; 12:6, s. 519-532
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper evaluates an approach for predicting rut formation in asphalt concrete (AC) layers. The approach is based on a linear viscoelastic model for predicting permanent vertical strain in AC layers subjected to a moving load. The input data are tyre pressure, loading speed, lateral wandering of loading wheel, shear modulus and phase angle of AC layer. The analytical approach takes into consideration the change in material characteristics in respect of temperature and changes in the air void content of AC layers due to repeated loading. The approach is verified by a full-scale accelerated loading test at different temperatures. The approach has shown good agreement as regards the prediction of flow rutting in AC layers. In addition, the approach is capable of calculating rutting profiles including the upheaval, which is important for estimating rut depth.
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| 18. |
- Ullah, I., et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of depression and anxiety among general population in Pakistan during COVID-19 lockdown : An online-survey
- 2022
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Ingår i: Current Psychology. - : Springer. - 1046-1310 .- 1936-4733.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study's aim is to find the prevalence of two of the common indicators of mental health - depression and anxiety – and any correlation with socio-demographic indicators in the Pakistani population during the lockdown from 5 May to 25 July 2020. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using an online questionnaire sent to volunteer participants. A total of 1047 participants over 18 were recruited through convenience sampling. The survey targeted depression and anxiety levels, which were measured using a 14 item self-reporting Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Out of the total sample population (N=354), 39.9% suffered from depression and 57.7% from anxiety. Binary logistical regressions indicated significant predictive associations of gender (OR=1.410), education (OR=9.311), residence (OR=0.370), household income (OR=0.579), previous psychiatric problems (OR=1.671), and previous psychiatric medication (OR=2.641). These were the key factors e associated with a significant increase in depression. Increases in anxiety levels were significantly linked to gender (OR=2.427), residence (OR=0.619), previous psychiatric problems (OR=1.166), and previous psychiatric medication (OR=7.330). These results suggest depression and anxiety were prevalent among the Pakistani population during the lockdown. Along with other measures to contain the spread of COVID-19, citizens' mental health needs the Pakistani government's urgent attention as well as that of mental health experts. Further large-scale, such as healthcare practitioners, should be undertaken to identify other mental health indicators that need to be monitored.
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| 19. |
- Viman, Leif, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Återvinning av MJOG/MJAG i varmblandad asfalt (halvvarmt i varmt) : Malmtransportväg Kaunisvaara – Svappavaara (MaKS)
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med denna undersökning var att se i vilken grad man kan blanda in gamla asfaltbeläggningar som granulat i nytillverkad varmasfalt utan att försämra egenskaperna hos den nya beläggningen. Vägen mellan Kaunisvaara och Svappavaara behövde rustas upp på grund av kraftigt ökande malmtransporter med mycket tunga fordon (90 ton) framöver. För att se om den gamla beläggningen kunde användas som granulat i nytillverkad varmasfalt planerades fyra provsträckor med olika halter av gamla asfaltbeläggningar. De alternativ som testats är 0 procent inblandning (referensmassa) samt 10, 20 och 30 procent granulatinblandning. Asfaltmassa från dessa fyra provsträckor har skickats till VTI för analys. Förutom grundläggande data av bindemedelshalt och kornkurva har bindemedelsegenskaper på återvunnet bitumen utförts (penetration och mjukpunkt) samt bestämning av hålrumshalt och styvhetsmodul vid +10 °C på borrkärnor från laboratorietillverkade plattor. Resultaten visar att materialet från provsträckorna med granulat är likvärdiga med referensmassan avseende styvhetmodul vid +10 °C. Undersökningen indikerar därmed att tekniken med att blanda återvunnen mjukasfalt i varmasfalt fungerat väl i halter upp till 30 procent. Vägen bör följas upp framöver för att studera eventuella skillnader mellan de olika provsträckorna över tiden med beaktande av hur omfattande den tunga trafiken kommer att vara längs denna vägsträcka.
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