| 1. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 2. |
- Bouyoucef, S E, et al.
(författare)
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Poster Session 2 : Monday 4 May 2015, 08
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2047-2404 .- 2047-2412. ; 16 Suppl 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Osterlund, P., et al.
(författare)
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Continuation of fluoropyrimidine treatment with S-1 after cardiotoxicity on capecitabine- or 5-fluorouracil-based therapy in patients with solid tumours : a multicentre retrospective observational cohort study
- 2022
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Ingår i: ESMO Open. - : Elsevier. - 2059-7029. ; 7:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Capecitabine- or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy is widely used in many solid tumours, but is associated with cardiotoxicity. S-1 is a fluoropyrimidine with low rates of cardiotoxicity, but evidence regarding the safety of switching to S-1 after 5-FU- or capecitabine-associated cardiotoxicity is scarce.Patients and methods: This retrospective study (NCT04260269) was conducted at 13 centres in 6 countries. The primary endpoint was recurrence of cardiotoxicity after switch to S-1-based treatment due to 5-FU- or capecitabine-related cardiotoxicity: clinically meaningful if the upper boundary of the 95% confidence interval (CI; by competing risk) is not including 15%. Secondary endpoints included cardiac risk factors, diagnostic work-up, treatments, outcomes, and timelines of cardiotoxicity.Results: Per protocol, 200 patients, treated between 2011 and 2020 [median age 66 years (range 19-86); 118 (59%) males], were included. Treatment intent was curative in 145 (73%). Initial cardiotoxicity was due to capecitabine (n = 170), continuous infusion 5-FU (n = 22), or bolus 5-FU (n = 8), which was administered in combination with other chemotherapy, targeted agents, or radiotherapy in 133 patients. Previous cardiovascular comorbidities were present in 99 (50%) patients. Cardiotoxic events (n = 228/200) included chest pain (n = 125), coronary syndrome/ infarction (n = 69), arrhythmia (n = 22), heart failure/cardiomyopathy (n = 7), cardiac arrest (n = 4), and malignant hypertension (n = 1). Cardiotoxicity was severe or life-threatening in 112 (56%) patients and led to permanent capecitabine/5-FU discontinuation in 192 (96%). After switch to S-1, recurrent cardiotoxicity was observed in eight (4%) patients (95% CI 2.02-7.89, primary endpoint met). Events were limited to grade 1-2 and occurred at a median of 16 days (interquartile range 7-67) from therapy switch. Baseline ischemic heart disease was a risk factor for recurrent cardiotoxicity (odds ratio 6.18, 95% CI 1.36-28.11).Conclusion: Switching to S-1-based therapy is safe and feasible after development of cardiotoxicity on 5-FU- or capecitabine-based therapy and allows patients to continue their pivotal fluoropyrimidine-based treatment.
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| 10. |
- Carlsson, C., et al.
(författare)
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High-frequency analog modulation of oxide confined 670-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers
- 2004
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Ingår i: Optical Engineering. - : SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng. - 0091-3286 .- 1560-2303. ; 43:12, s. 3138-3141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the bandwidth limitations and the analog modulation characteristics at microwave frequencies (0.1 to 10 GHz)of a low-capacitance oxide-confined 670-nm InGaAIP vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). A maximum modulation bandwidth of 6.3 GHz, limited by thermal effects, is achieved. From measurements of distortion and noise, a spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) of 100 dB Hz(2/3) is obtained at frequencies up to 2 GHz, rendering such VCSELs useful for transmission of analog signals. At higher frequencies, the SFDR drops due to the thermally limited resonance frequency.
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| 11. |
- Halonen, M, et al.
(författare)
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AIRE mutations and human leukocyte antigen genotypes as determinants of the autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy phenotype
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 87:6, s. 2568-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED, OMIM 240300) is a rare autoimmune disease caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene on chromosome 21q22.3. This monogenic disease provides an interesting model for studies of other common and more complex autoimmune diseases. The most common components of APECED are chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism, and Addison’s disease, but several other endocrine deficiencies and ectodermal dystrophies also occur and the phenotype varies widely. The AIRE genotype also varies; 42 different mutations have been reported so far. To understand the complexity of the phenotype, we studied the AIRE and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genotypes in a series of patients with APECED. The only association between the phenotype and the AIRE genotype was the higher prevalence of candidiasis in the patients with the most common mutation, R257X, than in those with other mutations. Addison’s disease was associated with HLA-DRB1*03 (P = 0.021), alopecia with HLA-DRB1*04- DQB1*0302 (P < 0.001), whereas type 1 diabetes correlated negatively with HLA-DRB1*15-DQB1*0602 (P = 0.036). The same HLA associations have previously been established for non-APECED patients. We conclude that mutation of AIRE per se has little influence on the APECED phenotype, whereas, in contrast to earlier reports, HLA class II is a significant determinant.
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| 12. |
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| 15. |
- Halonen, P, et al.
(författare)
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Lichen sclerosus and risk of cancer
- 2017
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Ingår i: International journal of cancer. - : Wiley. - 1097-0215 .- 0020-7136. ; 140:9, s. 1998-2002
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 16. |
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| 18. |
- Lehtomaki, Kaisa, et al.
(författare)
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Health-Related Quality of Life in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients Treated with Curative Resection and/or Local Ablative Therapy or Systemic Therapy in the Finnish RAXO-Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cancers. - : MDPI. - 2072-6694. ; 14:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metastatic colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death. Long-term survival and cure can be achieved after intensive treatments, including metastasectomy, i.e., the removal of all metastases. We wanted to clarify whether a patient health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was reduced by treatments that aimed to maximise metastasectomy rates, and whether HRQoL of treated patients is comparable to the general population. In a cross-sectional study of 444 patients (1751 questionnaires) in the RAXO-study population, we show that HRQoL of intensively treated patients, sometimes with multiple and multisite metastasectomies-usually combined with systemic therapy-remains at a high level during and after curative treatment and when compared with the general population. Good HRQoL was also seen during non-curative treatment from first- to later-lines, with an impaired HRQoL only at end-of-life. Thus, we should aim at maximising metastasectomies since they give long-term survival and sometimes cure with a high HRQoL. Metastasectomy and/or local ablative therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients often provide long-term survival. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) data in curatively treated mCRC are limited. In the RAXO-study that evaluated repeated resectability, a multi-cross-sectional HRQoL substudy with 15D, EQ-5D-3L, QLQ-C30, and QLQ-CR29 questionnaires was conducted. Mean values of patients in different treatment groups were compared with age- and gender-standardized general Finnish populations. The questionnaire completion rate was 444/477 patients (93%, 1751 questionnaires). Mean HRQoL was 0.89-0.91 with the 15D, 0.85-0.87 with the EQ-5D, 68-80 with the EQ-5D-VAS, and 68-79 for global health status during curative treatment phases, with improvements in the remission phase (disease-free >18 months). In the remission phase, mean EQ-5D and 15D scores were similar to the general population. HRQoL remained stable during first- to later-line treatments, when the aim was no longer cure, and declined notably when tumour-controlling therapy was no longer meaningful. The symptom burden affecting mCRC survivors' well-being included insomnia, impotence, urinary frequency, and fatigue. Symptom burden was lower after treatment and slightly higher, though stable, through all phases of systemic therapy. HRQoL was high in curative treatment phases, further emphasizing the strategy of metastasectomy in mCRC when clinically meaningful.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Ramsey, C, et al.
(författare)
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Aire deficient mice develop multiple features of APECED phenotype and showaltered immune response
- 2002
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 11:4, s. 397-409
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is a monogenic autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the AIRE gene. Here we have produced knock-out mice for the Aire gene. The Aire-/- mice develop normally; however, autoimmune features of APECED in Aire-/- mice are evident, including multiorgan lymphocytic infiltration, circulating autoantibodies and infertility. The distribution of B and T cells and thymic maturation as well as activation of T cells appear normal, while the TCR-Vbeta repertoire is altered in peripheral T cells of Aire-/- mice. When mice are challenged with immunization, the peripheral T cells of Aire-/- mice have a 3-5-fold increased proliferation. These findings suggest that the Aire gene is not necessary for normal T cell education and development, while a defect in immune response detected in challenged Aire-/- mice underlines the crucial role of AIRE/Aire in maintaining homeostatic regulation in the immune system.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Schleeh, Joel, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Passivation of InGaAs/InAlAs/InP HEMTs using Al2O3 atomic layer deposition
- 2011
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Ingår i: Conference Proceedings - International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials. 2011 Compound Semiconductor Week and 23rd International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials, CSW/IPRM 2011, Berlin, 22-26 May 2011. - 1092-8669. - 9781457717536
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- InGaAs/InAlAs/InP HEMTs (InP HEMTs) passivated by Al2O3 atomic layer deposition (ALD) demonstrated improved DC performance compared to Si3N4 plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD). DC measurements have been performed on 130 nm gate-length devices before and after passivation. An increase in maximum drain current density of 20% and extrinsic transconductance of 30% were observed after both ALD and PECVD device passivation. In comparison to PECVD passivated InP HEMTs, ALD passivated devices demonstrated a full suppression of a kink in the I-V characteristics associated with surface traps.
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| 25. |
- Schmidt, Florian, et al.
(författare)
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Ammonia in breath and emitted from skin
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Breath Research. - : IOP Publishing. - 1752-7155 .- 1752-7163. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ammonia concentrations in exhaled breath (eNH(3)) and skin gas of 20 healthy subjects were measured on-line with a commercial cavity ring-down spectrometer and compared to saliva pH and plasma ammonium ion (NH4+), urea and creatinine concentrations. Special attention was given to mouth, nose and skin sampling procedures and the accurate quantification of ammonia in humid gas samples. The obtained median concentrations were 688 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) for mouth-eNH(3), 34 ppbv for nose-eNH3, and 21 ppbv for both mouth-and nose-eNH(3) after an acidic mouth wash (MW). The median ammonia emission rate from the lower forearm was 0.3 ng cm(-2) min(-1). Statistically significant (p < 0.05) correlations between the breath, skin and plasma ammonia/ammonium concentrations were not found. However, mouth-eNH(3) strongly (p < 0.001) correlated with saliva pH. This dependence was also observed in detailed measurements of the diurnal variation and the response of eNH(3) to the acidic MW. It is concluded that eNH(3) as such does not reflect plasma but saliva and airway mucus NH4+ concentrations and is affected by saliva and airway mucus pH. After normalization with saliva pH using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, mouth-eNH(3) correlated with plasma NH4+, which points to saliva and plasma NH4+ being linked via hydrolysis of salivary urea.
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