| 1. |
- Ali, Abdulemir, et al.
(författare)
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Doubtful effect of continuous intraarticular analgesia after total knee arthroplasty.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3682 .- 1745-3674. ; 86:3, s. 373-377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose - Local infiltration analgesia (LIA) is well established for effective postoperative pain relief in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). To prolong the effect of LIA, infusion pumps with local intraarticular analgesia can be used. We evaluated the effect of such an infusion pump for the first 48 h postoperatively regarding pain, knee function, length of stay (LOS) in hospital, and complications. Patients and methods - 200 patients received peroperative LIA and a continuous intraarticular elastomeric infusion pump set at 2 mL/h. The patients were randomized either to ropivacaine (7.5 mg/mL) or to NaCl (9 mg/mL) in the pump. Visual analog scale (VAS) pain (0-100 mm), analgesic consumption, side effects of medicine, range of motion (ROM), leg-raising ability, LOS, and complications during the first 3 months were recorded. Results - On the first postoperative day, the ropivacaine group had lower VAS pain (33 vs. 40 at 12 noon and 36 vs. 43 at 8 p.m.; p = 0.02 and 0.03, respectively), but after that all recorded variables were similar between the groups. During the first 3 months, the ropivacaine group had a greater number of superficial and deep surgical wound infections (11 patients vs. 2 patients, p = 0.02). There were no other statistically significant differences between the groups. Interpretation - Continuous intraarticular analgesia (CIAA) with ropivacaine after TKA has no relevant clinical effect on VAS pain and does not affect LOS, analgesic consumption, ROM, or leg-raising ability. There may, however, be a higher risk of wound-healing complications including deep infections.
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| 2. |
- Anderson, Ulrik Dolberg, et al.
(författare)
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Gene expression profiling of first trimester placentas from pregnancies at high risk of developing preeclampsia
- 2013
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Ingår i: Pregnancy Hypertension. - : Elsevier BV. - 2210-7789. ; 3:2, s. 69-69
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Preeclampsia (PE) is an important cause of fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. It is considered a two-stage disease, the first stage characterized by a defect placentation and the second stage by maternal manifestations. Details of the patho-physiology behind the transition from stage one to stage two remain unclear.OBJECTIVE: Was to study first trimester placental gene expression in patients identified as high risk for PE by either Doppler ultrasound or the biochemical markers cell free fetal hemoglobin (HbF) and alpha-1-microglobulin (A1M).METHODS: Placental samples were obtained from seven women at highrisk of PE as determined by Doppler ultrasound of the uterine arteries and eight women with normal uterine artery resistance who for other reasons terminated their pregnancies surgically. Maternal serum samples were analyzed for HbF and A1M. The patients were risk stratified according to two risk classifications: (I) High vs. low uterine artery resistance and (II) High HbF and A1M vs. low HbF and A1M. Total RNA from the placentas was used for whole genome microarray. The results were analyzed by bioinformatics and genes of interest confirmed with qPCR.RESULTS: A total of 453 and 332 significantly altered genes were identified in the two study groups. Bioinformatics revealed 12 genes of interest in study group I and 7 genes of interest in study group II.CONCLUSIONS: Genes related to vascular tonus regulation and inflammatory response were identified in study group I suggesting that a lack of tonus regulation and increased inflammation might contribute to the high uterine artery resistance seen in this group. Genes related to regulation of hematopoiesis was found in group II suggesting dysfunctional hematopoiesis as a factor explaining the high levels of cell-free HbF seen.
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| 3. |
- Atry, Ashkan, et al.
(författare)
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Beyond the Individual : Sources of Attitudes Towards Rule Violation in Sport
- 2012
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Ingår i: Sport, Ethics and Philosophy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1751-1321 .- 1751-133X. ; 6:4, s. 467-479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today, certain rule-violating behaviours, such as doping, are considered to be an issue of concern for the sport community. This paper underlines and examines the affective dimensions involved in moral responses to, and attitudes towards, rule-violating behaviours in sport. The key role played by affective processes underlying individual-level moral judgement has already been implicated by recent developments in moral psychological theories, and by neurophysiological studies. However, we propose and discuss the possibility of affective processes operating on a social level which may influence athletes’ individual-level attitudes. We conclude that one-sided focus on individual rule- violating behaviour and individual sanctions may prove to be ineffective in coming to terms with the issue. In this regard we recommend a twofold approach by addressing underlying social dimensions, along with preventive measures through affect-oriented education.
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| 4. |
- Atry, Ashkan, et al.
(författare)
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Cheating is the name of the game : Conventional cheating arguments fail to articulate moral responses to doping
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 2081-2221 .- 1899-4849. ; 59:1, s. 21-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the most common arguments in the discussion on doping is that it represents a form of cheating. In this paper, it is argued that common doping-is-cheating arguments based on notions of rule-violation and unfair advantage are inadequate, since they treat cheating as distinct from the structure and the logic of competitive sport. An alternative approach to cheating in sport as regards performance enhancement will be offered based on the ethics of participation in interpersonal relationships. This participatory perspective points towards the need to broaden our conception of agency and moral responsibility in relation to doping, beyond the notion of the individual “drug-cheat” who acts in a vacuum.
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| 5. |
- Atry, Ashkan, et al.
(författare)
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Doping and The Participatory Responsibility of Sports Physicians
- 2013
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper it will be argued that notwithstanding the need for more clear regulative measures in relation to sports physicians’ doping behaviour, the predominant medical/legalistic approach in/by itself is not sufficient, and fails in doing what sports anti-doping authorities whish it to do, i.e., to define and to assign sports physicians’ responsibility in an adequate way. High-performance sport is a form of social practice and sports physicians are an integrated part of the practice. In dealing with such a large-scale social process as high-performance sport, the above approach is lacking since it (a) proceeds from a conception of responsibility which limits the scope of responsibility in athletic settings, and (b) overlooks social aspects of responsibility and responsibility-attributing processes. Furthermore, it will be maintained that responsibility is relational, and as such, it is chiefly created and assigned within the social practice, rather than imposed from authoritative sources that are external to the practice itself. It will be concluded that sports physicians, given their position in relation to athletes and sports management, should actively assume prospective responsibilities beyond those pre- defined responsibilities that are expressed in rules, regulations and policies issued by sports’ governing bodies.
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| 6. |
- Atry, Ashkan, et al.
(författare)
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Gene Doping and the Responsibility of Bioethicists
- 2011
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Ingår i: Sport, Ethics and Philosophy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1751-1321 .- 1751-133X. ; 5:2, s. 149-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we will argue: (1) that scholars, regardless of their normative stand against or for genetic enhancement indeed have a moral/professional obligation to hold on to a realistic and up-to-date conception of genetic enhancement; (2) that there is an unwarranted hype surrounding the issue of genetic enhancement in general, and gene doping in particular; and (3) that this hype is, at least partly, created due to a simplistic and reductionist conception of genetics often adopted by bioethicists.
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| 7. |
- Atry, Ashkan
(författare)
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Transforming the Doping Culture : Whose responsibility, what responsibility?
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The doping culture represents an issue for sport and for society. Normative debates on doping have been mainly concerned with questions of the justifiability of doping. The practice of assigning responsibility for doping behaviour has chiefly been individual-based, focusing mainly on the individual athlete’s doping behaviour. The overarching aim of this thesis is to investigate the relevance and the importance of the ideas of responsibility in relation to ethical debates on doping. The more specific aim is to examine the possibility of broadening the scope of responsibility beyond the individual athlete, and to sketch a theoretical framework within which this expansion could be accommodated. In the first study, it is argued that bioethicists have a moral/professional responsibility to start out from a realistic and up-to-date view of genetics in ethical debates on gene doping, and that good bioethics requires good empirics. In study 2, the role played by affective processes in influencing athletes’ attitudes towards doping behaviour is investigated, both on an individual and on a collective level. It is concluded that an exclusive focus on individual-level rule violation and sanctions may entail overlooking the greater social picture and would prove to be ineffective in the long term. In study 3, the common doping-is-cheating arguments are examined and it is argued that they fail to capture vital features of people’s moral responses to doping behaviour. An alternative account of cheating in sport is presented in terms of failure to manifest good will and respect. It is concluded that putting cheating in the broader context of human interpersonal relationships makes evident the need to broaden the scope of moral responsibility and agency beyond the individual athlete. In study 4, the particular case of assigning responsibility for doping to sports physicians is used to examine the current individual-based approach to responsibility. This approach underestimates the scope of the responsibility by leaving out a range of other actors from the discourse of responsibility. The central conclusion of the thesis is that transforming the current doping culture requires broadening the scope of responsibility to include individuals and groups of individuals other than the athletes themselves.
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| 8. |
- Birgersson, Marcus, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Data Integration Using Machine Learning
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings - IEEE International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Workshop, EDOCW. - 1541-7719. ; 2016-September, s. 313-322, s. 313-322
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today, enterprise integration and cross-enterprise collaboration is becoming evermore important. The Internet of things, digitization and globalization are pushing continuous growth in the integration market. However, setting up integration systems today is still largely a manual endeavor. Most probably, future integration will need to leverage more automation in order to keep up with demand. This paper presents a first version of a system that uses tools from artificial intelligence and machine learning to ease the integration of information systems, aiming to automate parts of it. Three models are presented and evaluated for precision and recall using data from real, past, integration projects. The results show that it is possible to obtain Fo.5 scores in the order of 80% for models trained on a particular kind of data, and in the order of 60%-70% for less specific models trained on a several kinds of data. Such models would be valuable enablers for integration brokers to keep up with demand, and obtain a competitive advantage. Future work includes fusing the results from the different models, and enabling continuous learning from an operational production system.
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| 9. |
- Cedervall, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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Species-specific in vivo engraftment of the human BL melanoma cell line results in an invasive dedifferentiated phenotype not present in xenografts
- 2009
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. - 0008-5472 .- 1538-7445. ; 69:9, s. 3746-3754
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For clinically relevant studies on melanoma progression and invasiveness, in vivo experimental systems with a human cellular microenvironment would be advantageous. We have compared tumor formation from a human cutaneous malignant melanoma cell line (BL), after injection as conventional xenografts in the mouse, or when injected into a predominantly species-specific environment of human embryonic stem cell-derived teratoma induced in the mouse (the hEST model). The resulting melanoma histology was generally analogous, both systems showing delimited densely packed areas with pleomorphic cells of malignant appearance. A specificity of the integration process into the human embryonic teratoma tissues was indicated by the melanoma exclusively being found in areas compatible with condensed mesenchyme, similar to neural crest development. Here, also enhanced neovascularization was seen within the human mesenchymal tissues facing the BL melanoma growth. Furthermore, in the hEST model an additional melanoma cell phenotype occurred, located at the border of, or infiltrating into, the surrounding human loose mesenchymal fibrous stroma. This BL population had a desmoplastic spindle-like appearance, with markers indicative of dedifferentiation and migration. The appearance of this apparently more aggressive phenotype, as well as the induction of human angiogenesis, shows specific interactions with the human embryonic microenvironment in the hEST model. In conclusion, these data provide exciting options for using the hEST model in molecular in vivo studies on differentiation, invasiveness, and malignancy of human melanoma, while analyzing species-specific reactions in vivo.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Dolberg Anderson, Ulrik, et al.
(författare)
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Fetal hemoglobin and alpha(1)-microglobulin as first- and early second-trimester predictive biomarkers for preeclampsia
- 2011
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Ingår i: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6868 .- 0002-9378. ; 204:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate fetal hemoglobin (HbF) and alpha(1)-microglobulin (A1M) in maternal serum as first-trimester biomarkers for preeclampsia (PE). STUDY DESIGN: The design was a case-control study. We included 96 patients in the first trimester of pregnancy (60 with PE and 36 controls). Venous serum samples were analyzed for HbF and total hemoglobin (Hb) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and for A1M by radioimmunoassay. Sensitivity and specificity was calculated by logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS: The HbF/Hb ratio and A1M concentration were significantly elevated in serum from women with subsequent development of PE (P < .0001). The optimal sensitivity and specificity was obtained using the biomarkers in combination; 69% sensitivity for a 5% screen positive rate and 90% sensitivity for a 23% screen positive rate. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that HbF/Hb ratio in combination with A1M is predictive biomarkers for PE.
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| 13. |
- DOLBERG ANDERSON, ULRIK, et al.
(författare)
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Fetal hemoglobin, α1-microglobulin and hemopexin are potential predictive first trimester biomarkers for preeclampsia
- 2016
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Ingår i: Pregnancy Hypertension. - 2210-7789. ; 6:2, s. 103-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Overproduction of cell-free fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in the preeclamptic placenta has been recently implicated as a new etiological factor of preeclampsia. In this study, maternal serum levels of HbF and the endogenous hemoglobin/heme scavenging systems were evaluated as predictive biomarkers for preeclampsia in combination with uterine artery Doppler ultrasound. Study design Case-control study including 433 women in early pregnancy (mean 13.7 weeks of gestation) of which 86 subsequently developed preeclampsia. The serum concentrations of HbF, total cell-free hemoglobin, hemopexin, haptoglobin and α1-microglobulin were measured in maternal serum. All patients were examined with uterine artery Doppler ultrasound. Logistic regression models were developed, which included the biomarkers, ultrasound indices, and maternal risk factors. Results There were significantly higher serum concentrations of HbF and α1-microglobulin and significantly lower serum concentrations of hemopexin in patients who later developed preeclampsia. The uterine artery Doppler ultrasound results showed significantly higher pulsatility index values in the preeclampsia group. The optimal prediction model was obtained by combining HbF, α1-microglobulin and hemopexin in combination with the maternal characteristics parity, diabetes and pre-pregnancy hypertension. The optimal sensitivity for all preeclampsia was 60% at 95% specificity. Conclusions Overproduction of placentally derived HbF and depletion of hemoglobin/heme scavenging mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. The combination of HbF and α1-microglobulin and/or hemopexin may serve as a prediction model for preeclampsia in combination with maternal risk factors and/or uterine artery Doppler ultrasound.
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| 14. |
- Dolberg Anderson, Ulrik, et al.
(författare)
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First Trimester Prediction of Preeclampsia.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Current Hypertension Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1534-3111 .- 1522-6417. ; 17:9, s. 74-74
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious pregnancy-related condition that causes severe maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Within the recent years, there has been an increasing focus in predicting PE at the end of the first trimester of pregnancy. In this review, literature published between 2011 and 2015 was evaluated. In a total of six biomarker algorithms, for first and early second trimester, the prediction of preeclampsia is discussed. In addition, one randomized clinical trial was included. Several algorithms were based on placental biomarkers such as pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), placental growth factor (PLGF), and soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase 1 (s-FLT-1). The algorithms containing these biomarkers showed a high prediction rate (PR) for early onset PE, ranging from 44 to 92 % at 5 % false positive rate (FPR). New biomarkers suggest an alternative model based on free HbF and the heme scavenger alpha-1-microglobulin (A1M) with a prediction rate of 69 % at an FPR of 5 %. Interestingly, this model performs well without uterine artery Doppler pulsatility index (UtAD-PI), which is an advantage particularly if the screening method were to be implemented in developing countries. The randomized clinical trial showed a clear reduction in early onset PE as well as reducing preterm PE if identified high-risk pregnancies were treated with low-dose aspirin. In conclusion, PE prediction is now possible through several prediction algorithms and prophylaxis is beneficial in high-risk cases.
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| 15. |
- Dolberg Anderson, Ulrik, et al.
(författare)
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Review: Biochemical markers to predict preeclampsia.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Placenta. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-3102 .- 0143-4004. ; 33, s. 42-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Worldwide the prevalence of preeclampsia (PE) ranges from 3 to 8% of pregnancies. 8.5 million cases are reported yearly, but this is probably an underestimate due to the lack of proper diagnosis. PE is the most common cause of fetal and maternal death and yet no specific treatment is available. Reliable biochemical markers for prediction and diagnosis of PE would have a great impact on maternal health and several have been suggested. This review describes PE biochemical markers in general and first trimester PE biochemical markers specifically. The main categories described are angiogenic/anti-angiogenic factors, placental proteins, free fetal hemoglobin (HbF), kidney markers, ultrasound and maternal risk factors. The specific biochemical markers discussed are: PAPP-A, s-Flt-1/PlGF, s-Endoglin, PP13, cystatin-C, HbF, and α(1)-microglobulin (A1M). PAPP-A and HbF both show potential as predictive biochemical markers in the first trimester with 70% sensitivity at 95% specificity. However, PAPP-A is not PE-specific and needs to be combined with Doppler ultrasound to obtain the same sensitivity as HbF/A1M. Soluble Flt -1 and PlGF are promising biochemical markers that together show high sensitivity from the mid-second trimester. PlGF is somewhat useful from the end of the first trimester. Screening pregnant women with biochemical markers for PE can reduce unnecessary suffering and health care costs by early detection of mothers at increased risk for PE, thus avoiding unnecessary hospitalization of pregnant women with suspect or mild PE and enabling monitoring of the progression of the disease thereby optimizing time for delivery and hopefully reducing the number of premature births.
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| 16. |
- Gilani, Sarwat I, et al.
(författare)
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Urinary Extracellular Vesicles of Podocyte Origin and Renal Injury in Preeclampsia
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: JASN. - 1533-3450. ; 28:11, s. 3363-3372
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Renal histologic expression of the podocyte-specific protein, nephrin, but not podocin, is reduced in preeclamptic compared with normotensive pregnancies. We hypothesized that renal expression of podocyte-specific proteins would be reflected in urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) of podocyte origin and accompanied by increased urinary soluble nephrin levels (nephrinuria) in preeclampsia. We further postulated that podocyte injury and attendant formation of EVs are related mechanistically to cellfree fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in maternal plasma. Our study population included preeclamptic (n=49) and normotensive (n=42) pregnant women recruited at delivery. Plasma measurements included HbF concentrations and concentrations of the endogenous chelators haptoglobin, hemopexin, and α1- microglobulin. We assessed concentrations of urinary EVs containing immunologically detectable podocyte-specific proteins by digital flow cytometry and measured nephrinuria by ELISA. The mechanistic role of HbF in podocyte injury was studied in pregnant rabbits. Compared with urine from women with normotensive pregnancies, urine from women with preeclamptic pregnancies contained a high ratio of podocin-positive to nephrin-positive urinary EVs (podocin(+) EVs-to-nephrin(+) EVs ratio) and increased nephrinuria, both of which correlated with proteinuria. Plasma levels of hemopexin, which were decreased in women with preeclampsia, negatively correlated with proteinuria, urinary podocin(+) EVs-to-nephrin(+) EVs ratio, and nephrinuria. Administration of HbF to pregnant rabbits increased the number of urinary EVs of podocyte origin. These findings provide evidence that urinary EVs are reflective of preeclampsia-related altered podocyte protein expression. Furthermore, renal injury in preeclampsia associated with an elevated urinary podocin(+) EVs-to-nephrin(+) EVs ratio and may be mediated by prolonged exposure to cellfree HbF.
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| 17. |
- Godskesen, Tove, et al.
(författare)
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Hope for a cure and altruism are the main motives behind participation in phase 3 clinical cancer trials
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Care. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0961-5423 .- 1365-2354. ; 24:1, s. 133-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is necessary to carry out randomised clinical cancer trials (RCTs) in order to evaluate new, potentially useful treatments for future cancer patients. Participation in clinical trials plays an important role in determining whether a new treatment is the best therapy or not. Therefore, it is important to understand on what basis patients decide to participate in clinical trials and to investigate the implications of this understanding for optimising the information process related to study participation. The aims of this study were to (1) describe motives associated with participation in RCTs, (2) assess if patients comprehend the information related to trial enrolment, and (3) describe patient experiences of trial participation. Questionnaires were sent to 96 cancer patients participating in one of nine ongoing clinical phase 3 trials at the Department of Oncology, Uppsala University Hospital in Sweden. Eighty-eight patients completed the questionnaire (response rate 92%); 95% of these were patients in adjuvant therapy and 5% participated in clinical trials on palliative care. Two main reasons for participation were identified: personal hope for a cure and altruism. Patients show adequate understanding of the information provided to them in the consent process and participation entails high patient satisfaction.
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| 18. |
- Godskesen, Tove, et al.
(författare)
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Phase 1 clinical trials in end-stage cancer : patient understanding of trial premises and motives for participation
- 2013
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Ingår i: Supportive Care in Cancer. - : Springer. - 0941-4355 .- 1433-7339. ; 21:11, s. 3137-3142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In cancer, phase 1 clinical trials on new drugs mostly involve patients with advanced disease that is unresponsive to standard therapy. The purpose of this study was to explore the difficult ethical problems related to patient information and motives for participation in such trials.METHOD: A descriptive and explorative qualitative design was used. Fourteen cancer patients from three different phase 1 trials in end-stage cancer were interviewed. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis.RESULTS: The patients expressed unrealistic expectations of therapeutic benefit and inadequate understanding of the trials' purpose, so-called therapeutic misconception. However, they reported a positive attitude towards participation. Thus, the patients valued the close and unique medical and psychological attention they received by participating. Participation also made them feel unique and notable.CONCLUSIONS: Patients with end-stage cancer participating in phase 1 clinical trials are unaware of the very small potential for treatment benefit and the risk of harm. Trial participation may offer hope and social-emotional support and a strategy for coping with the emotional stress associated with advanced cancer and may, consequently, improve emotional well-being.
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| 19. |
- Gram, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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The Human Endogenous Protection System against Cell-Free Hemoglobin and Heme Is Overwhelmed in Preeclampsia and Provides Potential Biomarkers and Clinical Indicators.
- 2015
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Preeclampsia (PE) complicates 3-8% of all pregnancies and manifests clinically as hypertension and proteinuria in the second half of gestation. The pathogenesis of PE is not fully understood but recent studies have described the involvement of cell-free fetal hemoglobin (HbF). Hypothesizing that PE is associated with prolonged hemolysis we have studied the response of the cell-free Hb- and heme defense network. Thus, we have investigated the levels of cell-free HbF (both free, denoted HbF, and in complex with Hp, denoted Hp-HbF) as well as the major human endogenous Hb- and heme-scavenging systems: haptoglobin (Hp), hemopexin (Hpx), α1-microglobulin (A1M) and CD163 in plasma of PE women (n = 98) and women with normal pregnancies (n = 47) at term. A significant increase of the mean plasma HbF concentration was observed in women with PE. Plasma levels of Hp and Hpx were statistically significantly reduced, whereas the level of the extravascular heme- and radical scavenger A1M was significantly increased in plasma of women with PE. The Hpx levels significantly correlated with maternal blood pressure. Furthermore, HbF and the related scavenger proteins displayed a potential to be used as clinical biomarkers for more precise diagnosis of PE and are candidates as predictors of identifying pregnancies with increased risk of obstetrical complications. The results support that PE pathophysiology is associated with increased HbF-concentrations and an activation of the physiological Hb-heme defense systems.
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| 20. |
- Hansson, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Artifactual insulin release from differentiated embryonic stem cells.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - 0012-1797. ; 53:10, s. 2603-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several recent reports claim the generation of insulin-producing cells from embryonic stem cells via the differentiation of progenitors that express nestin. Here, we investigate further the properties of these insulin-containing cells. We find that although differentiated cells contain immunoreactive insulin, they do not contain proinsulin-derived C-peptide. Furthermore, we find variable insulin release from these cells upon glucose addition, but C-peptide release is never detected. In addition, many of the insulin-immunoreactive cells are undergoing apoptosis or necrosis. We further show that cells cultured in the presence of a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor, which previously was reported to facilitate the differentiation of insulin(+) cells, are not C-peptide immunoreactive but take up fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled insulin from the culture medium. Together, these data suggest that nestin(+) progenitor cells give rise to a population of cells that contain insulin, not as a result of biosynthesis but from the uptake of exogenous insulin. We conclude that C-peptide biosynthesis and secretion should be demonstrated to claim insulin production from embryonic stem cell progeny.
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| 21. |
- Hansson, Mats G, et al.
(författare)
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Concern for privacy in relation to age during physical examination of children : an exploratory study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 98:8, s. 1349-1354
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To explore whether physicians behave differently regarding ethics and respect for privacy depending on children's age. We explored whether physician behaviours contributed to child uneasiness.Study design: Observational study of 21 children (0-12 years; 18 boys; mean age 3.2) undergoing evaluation for inguinal hernia. Specific physician-initiated verbal and nonverbal behaviours were coded from digital video discs of the consultations.Results: Physician intrusiveness (i.e. approaching the child suddenly or in an uninvited way) during the physical examination was related to concurrent child uneasiness (r = 0.42, p < 0.06) and lasted through the postexamination phase of the consultation (r = 0.52, p < 0.01). Child mood during the examination strongly predicted postexamination mood (r = 0.69, p < 0.0001). Neither the total number of physician-initiated positive behaviours or privacy-related behaviours was associated with child age. Negative physician behaviours were strongly related to negative mood in the child (r = 0.72, p < 0.0001) at the close of the consultation.Conclusion: Although physicians were more likely to provide information to older than younger children, their behaviours regarding privacy did not differ by child age. We found that intrusiveness was rather common and related to child uneasiness that has implications for the ethical practice and a child's willingness to be examined.
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| 22. |
- Hansson, Mats G, et al.
(författare)
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Ethics takes time, but not that long
- 2007
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Ethics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6939. ; 8, s. 6-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Time and communication are important aspects of the medical consultation. Physician behavior in real-life pediatric consultations in relation to ethical practice, such as informed consent (provision of information, understanding), respect for integrity and patient autonomy (decision-making), has not been subjected to thorough empirical investigation. Such investigations are important tools in developing sound ethical praxis. METHODS: 21 consultations for inguinal hernia were video recorded and observers independently assessed global impressions of provision of information, understanding, respect for integrity, and participation in decision making. The consultations were analyzed for the occurrence of specific physician verbal and nonverbal behaviors and length of time in minutes. RESULTS: All of the consultations took less than 20 minutes, the majority consisting of 10 minutes or less. Despite this narrow time frame, we found strong and consistent association between increasing time and higher ratings on all components of ethical practice: information, (beta = .43), understanding (beta = .52), respect for integrity (beta = .60), and decision making (beta = .43). Positive nonverbal behaviors by physicians during the consultation were associated particularly with respect for integrity (beta =.36). Positive behaviors by physicians during the physical examination were related to respect for children's integrity. CONCLUSION: Time was of essence for the ethical encounter. Further, verbal and nonverbal positive behaviors by the physicians also contributed to higher ratings of ethical aspects. These results can help to improve quality of ethical practice in pediatric settings and are of relevance for teaching and policy makers.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Hansson, Ulrik, et al.
(författare)
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A randomised RSA study of Peri-apatite((TM)) HA coating of a knee prosthesis
- 2004
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Ingår i: Key Engineering Materials. - 1013-9826. ; 254-2, s. 623-625
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fifty knees scheduled for a total knee prosthesis were randomized in two groups. Both groups had a noncemented fixation of the porous-coated implants but one group received a prosthesis with ceramic coating on the porous surface of the implant. The knees were evaluated with RSA technique regarding micromotion the first two years. There were less micromotion in the coated group. The results indicate that the technique for ceramic coating here studied provides a safe and stable fixation of the implants.
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| 25. |
- Hansson, Ulrik, et al.
(författare)
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A randomised RSA study of Peri-Apatitetrade mark HA coating of a total knee prosthesis.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Knee. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-5800. ; 15, s. 211-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In total knee replacement, sound early fixation of the prosthesis is crucial for achieving a good long-term result and for minimising the risk of loosening. Various types of prosthetic material, different surface textures and shapes and the incorporation of screws or pegs have been used to achieve good fixation, particularly in the uncemented knee. Hydroxyapatite (HA) coating of prosthetic joint components is another technique used to enhance early stability and so to improve the longevity of the prosthesis-bone fixation. HA ceramic coatings are mostly plasma sprayed onto the fixation surface of the implant. Plasma spraying is largely a 'line of sight' technique and as such there are difficulties involved when covering three-dimensional planes, such as porous beaded fixation surfaces typically found on several knee prostheses. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical performance of the solution-deposited HA coating, Peri-Apatitetrade mark , with regard to its ability to stimulate an endurable and stable implant fixation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We randomised 60 patients into two groups; one group received the porous coated prosthesis with solution-deposited HA, and the other group received a prosthesis without HA. Radiostereometric examination was used as the primary tool for measuring migration in the prosthetic components. RESULTS: There was a lower incidence of early subsidence in the Peri-Apatitetrade mark group. At 24 months there were no differences in clinical scorings or maximal total point motion. CONCLUSION: Addition of solution-deposited HA coating appears to provide better early stable fixation in a porous coated knee prosthesis.
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