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- Lynch, R, et al.
(författare)
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Perceived stress and hair cortisol concentration in a study of Mexican and Icelandic women
- 2022
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Ingår i: PLOS global public health. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 2767-3375. ; 2:8, s. e0000571-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) represent a potential biomarker of chronic psychological stress. Previous studies exploring the association between perceived stress and HCC have been limited to relatively small and selected populations. We collected hair samples from 881 women from the Mexican Teachers’ Cohort (MTC) and 398 women from the Icelandic SAGA pilot-cohort following identical protocols. HCC was quantified using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The self-reported Perceived Stress Scale (PSS, 10 and 4 item, range 0–40 and 0–16) was used to assess psychological stress. We conducted multivariable linear regression analyses to assess the association between perceived stress and log-transformed HCC in the combined sample and in each cohort separately. MTC participants had slightly higher HCC and PSS scores than SAGA participants (median HCC 6.0pg/mg vs. 4.7pg/mg and mean PSS-10 score 12.4 vs. 11.7, respectively). After adjusting for sociodemographic factors and health behaviors, we observed a 1.4% (95% CI 0.6, 2.1) increase in HCC for each unit increase in the PSS-10 score in the combined sample. Furthermore, PSS-10 quintiles were associated with a 24.3% (95% CI 8.4, 42.6, mean logHCC 1.8 vs 1.6) increase in HCC when comparing the highest to the lowest quintile, after multivariable adjustment. Similar results were obtained when we analyzed each cohort separately and when using the PSS-4. Despite relatively small absolute differences, an association between perceived stress and HCC was found in a sample of women from two diverse geographical and cultural backgrounds supporting the hypothesis that HCC is a viable biomarker in studies of chronic psychological stress.
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- Bjork Thordardottir, Edda, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality and major disease risk among migrants of the 1991-2001 Balkan wars to Sweden : A register-based cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: PLoS Medicine. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1549-1277 .- 1549-1676. ; 17:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In recent decades, millions of refugees and migrants have fled wars and sought asylum in Europe. The aim of this study was to quantify the risk of mortality and major diseases among migrants during the 1991-2001 Balkan wars to Sweden in comparison to other European migrants to Sweden during the same period.Methods and findings: We conducted a register-based cohort study of 104,770 migrants to Sweden from the former Yugoslavia during the Balkan wars and 147,430 migrants to Sweden from 24 other European countries during the same period (1991-2001). Inpatient and specialized outpatient diagnoses of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and psychiatric disorders were obtained from the Swedish National Patient Register and the Swedish Cancer Register, and mortality data from the Swedish Cause of Death Register. Adjusting for individual-level data on sociodemographic characteristics and emigration country smoking prevalence, we used Cox regressions to contrast risks of health outcomes for migrants of the Balkan wars and other European migrants. During an average of 12.26 years of follow-up, being a migrant of the Balkan wars was associated with an elevated risk of being diagnosed with CVD (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.34-1.43, p < 0.001) and dying from CVD (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.29-1.62, p < 0.001), as well as being diagnosed with cancer (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.08-1.24, p < 0.001) and dying from cancer (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.15-1.41, p < 0.001), compared to other European migrants. Being a migrant of the Balkan wars was also associated with a greater overall risk of being diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.14-1.23, p < 0.001), particularly post-traumatic stress disorder (HR 9.33, 95% CI 7.96-10.94, p < 0.001), while being associated with a reduced risk of suicide (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.48-0.96, p = 0.030) and suicide attempt (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.51-0.65, p < 0.001). Later time period of migration and not having any first-degree relatives in Sweden at the time of immigration were associated with greater increases in risk of CVD and psychiatric disorders. Limitations of the study included lack of individual-level information on health status and behaviors of migrants at the time of immigration.Conclusions: Our findings indicate that migrants of the Balkan wars faced considerably elevated risks of major diseases and mortality in their first decade in Sweden compared to other European migrants. War migrants without family members in Sweden or with more recent immigration may be particularly vulnerable to adverse health outcomes. Results underscore that persons displaced by war are a vulnerable group in need of long-term health surveillance for psychiatric disorders and somatic disease.
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- Gatto, NM, et al.
(författare)
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Association between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Multiple Sclerosis in Icelandic Women-A Population-Based Cohort Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Brain sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-3425. ; 12:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A growing literature, mostly based on selected populations, indicates that traumas may be associated with autoimmune diseases, yet few studies exist on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and multiple sclerosis (MS) in the general population. Objective: We assessed cross-sectional associations between self-reported ACEs and MS among Icelandic women in the population-based Stress-And-Gene-Analysis (SAGA) cohort. Methods: Participants (n = 27,870; mean age 44.9 years) answered a web-based survey that included the ACE-International Questionnaire and a question about MS diagnosis. Log-linear Poisson regression models estimated MS prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals for ACEs adjusted for covariates. Results: 214 women reported having been diagnosed with MS (crude prevalence = 7.7 per 1000). Compared to women without MS, women with MS reported more fatigue, body pain and bladder problems. The average cumulative number of ACEs was 2.1. After adjustment for age, education, childhood deprivation, smoking and depressive symptoms, MS prevalence did not increase with increasing ACEs exposure (PR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.92, 1.09). Thirteen ACE categories, including abuse, neglect, household dysfunction and violence were not individually or independently associated with MS. Conclusion: Limited by self-reported data and cross-sectional design, results do not consistently support associations between ACEs in the development of MS among adult Icelandic women.
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- Guðmundsdóttir, R. B., et al.
(författare)
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Medication use in populations exposed to the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption: an interrupted time series analysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bmj Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 12:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To assess the trends in medication use indicative of physical and psychological morbidity following the 2010 volcanic eruption in Eyjafjallajökull immediately after and during a 3-year period following the eruption. DESIGN: Population-based register study. SETTING: Eyjafjallajökull eruption in Iceland, 2007-2013. PARTICIPANTS: All residents in Iceland who received at least one medication dispensing were identified. Residents of exposed areas were classified into exposure groups (individual-level data) and residents in other parts of Iceland were included as a non-exposed group (aggregated data). INTERVENTION/EXPOSURE: Eyjafjallajökull erupted on 14 April 2010 and continued for 39 days, producing heavy ash fall in South Iceland. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Using interrupted time series analysis, we examined annual and quarterly changes in medicine use, measured as number of dispensed defined daily dose (DDD) per 1000 individuals. We calculated the level shift (immediate change) and change in slope from pre-eruption to post-eruption (long-term change) in medication dispensing. RESULTS: Among exposed residents, there was a 6% decrease (95%CI -7% to -4%) in the annual number of dispensed DDDs 1-year post-eruption in the overall medication class, including analgesics (-5%, 95%CI -6% to -3%), hypnotics and sedatives (-9%, 95%CI -11% to -7%) and respiratory medications (-7%, 95%CI -9% to -5%; -8%, 95%CI -11% to -4%). Simultaneously, there was a 9% decrease (95%CI -14% to -4%) in the overall medication class among non-exposed residents. Moreover, among exposed residents, we observed change in slope of -4% (95%CI -7% to -1%) in the overall medication class, including for analgesics (-6%, 95%CI -8% to -3%) and other respiratory drugs (-10%, 95%CI -16% to -4%). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that the eruption did not lead to increases in medication dispensing among residents of exposed areas, rather decreases for some medicine classes. The results should be interpreted with caution since the content of each eruption differs.
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- Hardardottir, Hronn, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal communication associated with lower risk of acute traumatic stress after lung cancer diagnosis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Supportive Care in Cancer. - : Springer. - 0941-4355 .- 1433-7339. ; 30:1, s. 259-269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the role of the patient's background and perceived healthcare-related factors in symptoms of acute stress after lung cancer diagnosis.Methods: The study population consisted of 89 individuals referred for diagnostic work-up at Landspitali National University Hospital in Iceland and subsequently diagnosed with lung cancer. Before diagnosis, the patients completed questionnaires on sociodemographic characteristics, pre-diagnostic distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), social support, and resilience. At a median of 16 days after diagnosis, the patients reported symptoms of acute stress on the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and experience of communication and support from healthcare professionals and family during the diagnostic period.Results: Patients were on average 68 years and 52% reported high levels of post-diagnostic acute stress (IES-R > 23) while 24% reported symptoms suggestive of clinical significance (IES-R > 32). Prior history of cancer (beta = 6.7, 95% CI: 0.1 to 13.3) and pre-diagnostic distress were associated with higher levels of post-diagnostic acute stress (beta = 8.8, 95% CI: 2.7 to 14.9), while high educational level (beta = - 7.9, 95% CI: - 14.8 to - 1.1) was associated with lower levels. Controlling for the abovementioned factors, the patients' perception of optimal doctor-patient (beta = - 9.1, 95% CI: - 14.9 to - 3.3) and family communication (beta = - 8.6, 95% CI: - 14.3 to - 2.9) was inversely associated with levels of post-diagnostic acute stress after lung cancer diagnosis.Conclusions: A high proportion of patients with newly diagnosed lung cancer experience high levels of acute traumatic stress of potential clinical significance. Efforts to improve doctor-patient and family communication may mitigate the risk of these adverse symptoms.
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- HAUKSDOTTIR, AS, et al.
(författare)
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SYSTEM-IDENTIFICATION OF A 3-PHASE SUBMERGED-ARC FERROSILICON FURNACE
- 1995
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Ingår i: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY. - 1063-6536. ; 3:4, s. 377-387
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A 36MW submerged-are ferrosilicon (FeSi) furnace is modeled using the technique of system identification, The main purpose of the modeling is for the simulation and evaluation of different control schemes, In particular, the part of the system associated
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| 25. |
- Hauksdottir, A., et al.
(författare)
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Towards better measurements in bereavement research: order of questions and assessed psychological morbidity
- 2006
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Ingår i: Palliat Med. - : SAGE Publications. - 0269-2163 .- 1477-030X. ; 20:1, s. 11-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to determine if the order of questions in a study on men who have lost a wife in cancer affects self-assessed measures of psychological morbidity. Data were collected from 76 men who had lost a wife owing to cancer in the breast, ovary or colon in 1999. They were randomly allocated to one of two questionnaires with identical content but varying design. One version began with questions about the wife's disease and ended with the respondent's current wellbeing (morbidity-last group). The other version had a reversed order (morbidity-first group). Results showed that the design of the questionnaire affected self-assessed psychological morbidity; all relative risks for these measures were above 1.0 in the morbidity-last group. The highest relative risk was obtained for anxiety (as measured by HADS), 3.4 (0.8-15.0), and depression (as measured by a visual-digital scale), 3.1 (1.2-8.5). Psychological morbidity is assessed as higher when questions appear in the end, rather than the beginning, of a bereavement-related questionnaire. In order to avoid a detrimental bias in a study on bereavement, psychological morbidity is probably best measured first in such a questionnaire.
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