| 1. |
- Hlal, Fatima, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Flange buckling in stainless-steel corrugated webs I-girders under pure bending: Numerical study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Constructional Steel Research. - 0143-974X. ; 208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Structural elements with corrugated webs are used in a variety of applications, including buildings and bridges. Due to the high shear strength of the corrugated web, these elements offer a material-efficient design. Among various design aspects of beams with corrugated webs, studies on the flange buckling in these beams are scarce. Previous research has shown that the EN1993–1-5 flange buckling resistance model frequently predicts unsafe resistances. Moreover, the design model in EN1993–1-5 is developed exclusively for carbon steel and not updated for stainless steel. In this paper, an investigation into the flange buckling behaviour in duplex stainless-steel girders is provided. A parametric finite element model is developed and validated. Linear buckling analysis (LBA) and geometrically and materially nonlinear analysis with imperfections (GMNIA) are conducted using finite element analysis for 410 girders with typical bridge girders dimensions. The results are compared to previously developed models for C[sbnd]Mn steel, and a new buckling curve and entire design procedure for duplex stainless-steel girders with corrugated webs are provided to account for flange buckling. The study demonstrates that the new proposed design model provides better estimations of flange buckling resistance than prior proposed models.
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| 2. |
- Hlal, Fatima, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Life Cycle Cost and Life Cycle Assessment of Composite Bridge with Flat and Corrugated Webs
- 2023
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Ingår i: ce/papers. ; 6, s. 574-579
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To satisfy the sustainability criteria, a bridge design must be economically viable during its entire service life with a minimal impact on the environment. While stainless steel is known for its excellent life cycle performance, its high cost prevents it from being used in bridges to a larger extent. This study evaluates a new design solution that takes advantage of using corrugated web in bridge girders to overcome this issue. Three design concepts are evaluated for a three-span case-study bridge. These include a bridge with carbon steel flat web, stainless steel flat web, and stainless-steel corrugated web girders. Each design is optimized using a genetic algorithm. The three optimal solutions are then evaluated in terms of investment costs, life cycle costs (LCC) and life cycle impact. The results show that the investment costs in a flat web girder bridge increase by 27% when stainless steel is used instead of C-Mn (carbon) steel. However, this increase is only 10% when corrugated web girders are used. On the other hand, the LCC savings increase from 6% to 18% for corrugated web girders. Finally, the use of corrugated web in stainless steel leads to a reduction in the climate impacts of up to 32% compared to carbon steel for the studied bridge.
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| 3. |
- Hlal, Fatima, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Preliminary Study on Plate Girders with Corrugated Webs
- 2022
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Corrugated web beams have been studied extensively in this report. Previous design models have been collected from the literature and compared to Eurocode design models. Different design considerations were recommended based on the findings.
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| 4. |
- Hlal, Fatima, 1989
(författare)
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Stainless Steel Corrugated Web Girders for Composite Road Bridges: Concept Evaluation and Flange Buckling Resistance
- 2023
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Achieving a sustainable bridge design requires careful consideration of economic viability and environmental impact over the entire lifespan of the structure. While stainless steel is recognized for its excellent life cycle performance, its high cost prevents it from being used to a larger extent in bridges. In this thesis work, a new solution is investigated to mitigate this issue. The new solution comprises the use of corrugated webs in stainless steel girders which is expected to result in reduced material consumption and cost. The work in this thesis focuses on two problem areas in this field. First, a study is performed to examine the competitiveness of the new concept in relation to conventional designs of steel-concrete composite road bridges. The second part of the work focuses on the problem of flange buckling in girders with corrugated webs. Previous research has shown that the design models developed for flange buckling resistance, including the one in EN 1993-1-5, frequently result in unsafe design. Furthermore, these models were developed for carbon steel and have not been updated for stainless steel. To explore the economic and environmental benefits of the new concept, two studies have been conducted. Firstly, three design solutions are examined on a case study bridge with three continuous spans. These design solutions include carbon steel flat web, stainless steel flat web, and stainless steel corrugated web girder bridges. A genetic algorithm is used to optimize each design solution in terms of weight. The three optimal solutions are then assessed in terms of investment costs, life cycle costs (LCC), and environmental life cycle impact. Secondly, two of the considered design solutions, namely carbon steel flat web and stainless-steel corrugated web girders, are employed to conduct multiple parametric studies using a simply supported reference bridge. For both design solutions, the effects of optimization targets on weight, investment cost, life cycle cost, and environmental life cycle impact are initially investigated. Following that, the focus is put on the life cycle cost (LCC) as an optimization target, and the impact of various design input parameters is investigated. These parameters include span length, girder depth, average daily traffic (ADT) with the associated number of heavy vehicles per slow lane (Nobs), and time intervals and expenses for maintenance activities. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to study the influence of the inflation rate and discount rate. The results indicate that the new concept offers considerable potential saving in weight, life cycle costs, and life cycle impacts for both simply supported and continuous bridges. The saving is more apparent with deeper girders, higher ADT, and more intense maintenance activities. Saving is also larger when inflation is high and discount rate is low. After studying the potential of corrugated web girders to reduce costs and environmental impacts in the case of employing stainless steel, a study of the flange buckling behaviour in duplex stainless-steel girders is conducted in this work. A parametric finite element model is developed and validated with tests conducted on beams made of carbon steel. The material is then changed to EN1.4162, and linear buckling analysis (LBA) and geometrically and materially nonlinear analysis with imperfections (GMNIA) are carried out on 410 girders with typical bridge girder dimensions. The results are compared to previously developed models for carbon steel, and a new buckling curve and flange local buckling design procedure for duplex stainless-steel girders with corrugated webs are proposed. The study shows that the new proposed design model generates more accurate estimates of flange buckling resistance than previous proposed models.
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| 5. |
- Hlal, Fatima, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Stainless steel corrugated web girders for composite road bridges: Optimization and parametric studies
- 2024
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Ingår i: Engineering Structures. - 1873-7323 .- 0141-0296. ; 302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To achieve sustainability in bridge design, it is critical to ensure both economic viability and low environmental impact. While stainless steel has great mechanical properties and life cycle performance, the material is expensive, which has limited its use in bridges. This research aims at exploring the benefits of using stainless steel corrugated web girders as an alternative to carbon steel flat web girders in composite road bridges. This concept is expected to lower the investment cost, which enables a broader utilization of the good properties offered by stainless steel. A genetic algorithm optimization routine has been developed to produce bridge designs with minimum weight, investment cost, life cycle cost (LCC), or life cycle impact. Multiple parametric studies are conducted using a simply supported reference bridge. The optimal design solutions are compared for two main design alternatives: conventional S355 flat web girders and duplex (EN 1.4162) corrugated web girders. The parametric studies consider the effects of different design parameters, including the span length, available girder depth, average daily traffic (ADT) with the corresponding indicated number of heavy vehicles in the slow lane (Nobs), and the paint maintenance schedule, on the optimal solutions. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is carried out to analyse the impact of inflation and discount rates on the obtained results. The results show that the concept of stainless steel corrugated web girders offers significant potential LCC and environmental impact saving for the examined span lengths, particularly in the case of deeper girders, high ADTs, and more intensive maintenance activities. Also, despite the influence of inflation and discount rates on LCC results, the studied concept consistently demonstrated favorable results.
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