| 1. |
- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(author)
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TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
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In: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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| 2. |
- Pfeffer, W. Tad, et al.
(author)
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The Randolph Glacier Inventory : a globally complete inventory of glaciers
- 2014
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In: Journal of Glaciology. - 0022-1430 .- 1727-5652. ; 60:221, s. 537-552
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Randolph Glacier Inventory (RGI) is a globally complete collection of digital outlines of glaciers, excluding the ice sheets, developed to meet the needs of the Fifth Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for estimates of past and future mass balance. The RGI was created with limited resources in a short period. Priority was given to completeness of coverage, but a limited, uniform set of attributes is attached to each of the similar to 198 000 glaciers in its latest version, 3.2. Satellite imagery from 1999-2010 provided most of the outlines. Their total extent is estimated as 726 800 +/- 34 000 km(2). The uncertainty, about +/- 5%, is derived from careful single-glacier and basin-scale uncertainty estimates and comparisons with inventories that were not sources for the RGI. The main contributors to uncertainty are probably misinterpretation of seasonal snow cover and debris cover. These errors appear not to be normally distributed, and quantifying them reliably is an unsolved problem. Combined with digital elevation models, the RGI glacier outlines yield hypsometries that can be combined with atmospheric data or model outputs for analysis of the impacts of climatic change on glaciers. The RGI has already proved its value in the generation of significantly improved aggregate estimates of glacier mass changes and total volume, and thus actual and potential contributions to sea-level rise.
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| 3. |
- Perez-Nadales, Elena, et al.
(author)
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Predictors of mortality in solid organ transplant recipients with bloodstream infections due to carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales : The impact of cytomegalovirus disease and lymphopenia
- 2020
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In: American Journal of Transplantation. - : WILEY. - 1600-6135 .- 1600-6143. ; 20:6, s. 1629-1641
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Treatment of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales bloodstream infections in solid organ transplant recipients is challenging. The objective of this study was to develop a specific score to predict mortality in solid organ transplant recipients with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales bloodstream infections. A multinational, retrospective (2004-2016) cohort study (INCREMENT-SOT, ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02852902) was performed. The main outcome variable was 30-day all-cause mortality. The INCREMENT-SOT-CPE score was developed using logistic regression. The global cohort included 216 patients. The final logistic regression model included the following variables: INCREMENT-CPE mortality score >= 8 (8 points), no source control (3 points), inappropriate empirical therapy (2 points), cytomegalovirus disease (7 points), lymphopenia (4 points), and the interaction between INCREMENT-CPE score >= 8 and CMV disease (minus 7 points). This score showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.76-0.88) and classified patients into 3 strata: 0-7 (low mortality), 8-11 (high mortality), and 12-17 (very-high mortality). We performed a stratified analysis of the effect of monotherapy vs combination therapy among 165 patients who received appropriate therapy. Monotherapy was associated with higher mortality only in the very-high (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.82, 95% CI 1.13-7.06, P = .03) and high (HR 9.93, 95% CI 2.08-47.40, P = .004) mortality risk strata. A score-based algorithm is provided for therapy guidance.
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| 4. |
- Price, RB, et al.
(author)
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International pooled patient-level meta-analysis of ketamine infusion for depression: In search of clinical moderators
- 2022
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In: Molecular psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5578 .- 1359-4184. ; 27:1112, s. 5096-5112
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Depression is disabling and highly prevalent. Intravenous (IV) ketamine displays rapid-onset antidepressant properties, but little is known regarding which patients are most likely to benefit, limiting personalized prescriptions. We identified randomized controlled trials of IV ketamine that recruited individuals with a relevant psychiatric diagnosis (e.g., unipolar or bipolar depression; post-traumatic stress disorder), included one or more control arms, did not provide any other study-administered treatment in conjunction with ketamine (although clinically prescribed concurrent treatments were allowable), and assessed outcome using either the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale or the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD-17). Individual patient-level data for at least one outcome was obtained from 17 of 25 eligible trials [pooled n = 809]. Rates of participant-level data availability across 33 moderators that were solicited from these 17 studies ranged from 10.8% to 100% (median = 55.6%). After data harmonization, moderators available in at least 40% of the dataset were tested sequentially, as well as with a data-driven, combined moderator approach. Robust main effects of ketamine on acute [~24-hours; β*(95% CI) = 0.58 (0.44, 0.72); p < 0.0001] and post-acute [~7 days; β*(95% CI) = 0.38 (0.23, 0.54); p < 0.0001] depression severity were observed. Two study-level moderators emerged as significant: ketamine effects (relative to placebo) were larger in studies that required a higher degree of previous treatment resistance to federal regulatory agency-approved antidepressant medications (≥2 failed trials) for study entry; and in studies that used a crossover design. A comprehensive data-driven search for combined moderators identified statistically significant, but modest and clinically uninformative, effects (effect size r ≤ 0.29, a small-medium effect). Ketamine robustly reduces depressive symptoms in a heterogeneous range of patients, with benefit relative to placebo even greater in patients more resistant to prior medications. In this largest effort to date to apply precision medicine approaches to ketamine treatment, no clinical or demographic patient-level features were detected that could be used to guide ketamine treatment decisions.Review Registration: PROSPERO Identifier: CRD42021235630
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| 5. |
- Van Haute, L., et al.
(author)
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TEFM variants impair mitochondrial transcription causing childhood-onset neurological disease
- 2023
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In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mutations in the mitochondrial or nuclear genomes are associated with a diverse group of human disorders characterized by impaired mitochondrial respiration. Within this group, an increasing number of mutations have been identified in nuclear genes involved in mitochondrial RNA biology. The TEFM gene encodes the mitochondrial transcription elongation factor responsible for enhancing the processivity of mitochondrial RNA polymerase, POLRMT. We report for the first time that TEFM variants are associated with mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency and a wide range of clinical presentations including mitochondrial myopathy with a treatable neuromuscular transmission defect. Mechanistically, we show muscle and primary fibroblasts from the affected individuals have reduced levels of promoter distal mitochondrial RNA transcripts. Finally, tefm knockdown in zebrafish embryos resulted in neuromuscular junction abnormalities and abnormal mitochondrial function, strengthening the genotype-phenotype correlation. Our study highlights that TEFM regulates mitochondrial transcription elongation and its defect results in variable, tissue-specific neurological and neuromuscular symptoms.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Gardner, Alex S., et al.
(author)
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A Reconciled Estimate of Glacier Contributions to Sea Level Rise : 2003 to 2009
- 2013
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In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 340:6134, s. 852-857
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Glaciers distinct from the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets are losing large amounts of water to the world's oceans. However, estimates of their contribution to sea level rise disagree. We provide a consensus estimate by standardizing existing, and creating new, mass-budget estimates from satellite gravimetry and altimetry and from local glaciological records. In many regions, local measurements are more negative than satellite-based estimates. All regions lost mass during 2003-2009, with the largest losses from Arctic Canada, Alaska, coastal Greenland, the southern Andes, and high-mountain Asia, but there was little loss from glaciers in Antarctica. Over this period, the global mass budget was -259 +/- 28 gigatons per year, equivalent to the combined loss from both ice sheets and accounting for 29 +/- 13% of the observed sea level rise.
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| 10. |
- Hock, R, et al.
(author)
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High Mountain Areas
- 2019
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In: IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. - : IPCC - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. ; , s. 131-202
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The cryosphere (including, snow, glaciers, permafrost, lake and river ice) is an integral element of high- mountain regions, which are home to roughly 10% of the global population. Widespread cryosphere changes affect physical, biological and human systems in the mountains and surrounding lowlands, with impacts evident even in the ocean. Building on the IPCC’s Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), this chapter assesses new evidence on observed recent and projected changes in the mountain cryosphere as well as associated impacts, risks and adaptation measures related to natural and human systems. Impacts in response to climate changes independently of changes in the cryosphere are not assessed in this chapter. Polar mountains are included in Chapter 3, except those in Alaska and adjacent Yukon, Iceland, and Scandinavia, which are included in this chapter.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Geck, JR, et al.
(author)
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Geodetic Mass Balance of Glaciers in the Central Brooks Range, Alaska, U.S.A., from 1970 to 2001
- 2013
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In: Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1523-0430 .- 1938-4246. ; 45:1, s. 29-38
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Alaska's arctic glaciers have retreated and thinned during recent decades, and glaciers in the central Brooks Range are no exception. Digital elevation models (DEMs) reconstructed from topographic maps (from 1970 and 1973) were differenced from a 2001 interferometric synthetic aperture radar DEM to calculate the volume and mass changes of 107 glaciers covering 42 km2 (1970/1973) in the central Brooks Range, Alaska, U.S.A. For each glacier the 1970/1973 DEM was 3-D co-registered (horizontal and vertical) to maximize agreement between the non-glacierized terrains of both DEMs. Over the period 1970–2001, total ice volume loss was 0.69 ± 0.06 km3 corresponding to a mean (area-weighted) specific mass balance rate of -0.54 ± 0.05 m w.e. a-1 (± uncertainty). The arithmetic mean of all glaciers' specific mass balance rates was -0.47 ± 0.27 m w.e. a-1 (± 1 std. dev.). A value of -0.52 ± 0.36 m w.e. a-1 (± 1 std. dev.) was found when 3-D coregistration is performed over the entire domain instead of individually for each glacier, indicating the importance of proper co-registration. Glacier area, perimeter, boundary compactness, mean elevation, and mean slope were correlated with specific balance rates, suggesting that large, low-elevation, elongated and shallow sloped glaciers had more negative balance rates than small, high-elevation, circular, and steep glaciers. A subsample of 36 glaciers showed a mean area reduction of 26 ± 16% (±1 std. dev.) over ∼35 years.
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| 13. |
- Hock, R, et al.
(author)
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Modeling climate conditions required for glacier formation in cirques of the Rassepautasjtjakka massif, northern Sweden
- 2002
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In: Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research. - 1938-4246. ; 34:1, s. 3-11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Timing of cirque formation and the climate necessary to initiate glaciation are fundamental to the understanding of the landscape of the northern Scandinavian mountains. Empty cirques in the Rassepautasjtjakka massif are located near a glaciated area and thus appear near the glaciation limit. In order to investigate the climate conditions necessary for glacier formation in the cirques, we applied a spatially distributed temperature index melt model. After calibration under present climate conditions, the model was run with different combinations of increased initial winter snow cover and lowered summer air temperatures to assess the climate conditions needed for snow to survive summer and hence form a base for glaciation. Results indicate that a significant increase in precipitation or decrease in summer air temperature or a combination of both is necessary to initiate glaciation. Thus current climate conditions are far from favorable for glaciation. If summer temperature is decreased by 4degreesC or winter snow cover is more than doubled, only 10% of cirque areas remain snow covered, which is considered as a minimum condition for glacier formation. According to climate reconstructions such conditions have not occurred during the Holocene suggesting that the cirques have not been glaciated during this period. Consequently glaciation of the cirques must have occurred during other parts of the glacial cycles.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- McNabb, R. W., et al.
(author)
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Alaska tidewater glacier terminus positions, 1948-2012
- 2014
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In: J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH. - 2169-9003. ; 119:2, s. 153-167
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A significant portion of the world's glacier ice drains through tidewater outlets, though much remains unknown about the response to recent climate change of tidewater glaciers. We present a 64 year record of length change for 50 Alaska tidewater glaciers. We use U.S. Geological Survey topographic maps to provide a base length for glaciers before 1970. Using all available cloud-free Landsat images, we manually digitize calving front outlines for each glacier between 1972 and 2012, resulting in a total of more than 10,000 outlines. Tidewater glacier lengths vary seasonally; focusing on the 36 glaciers terminating in tidewater throughout the study period, we find a mean ( standard deviation) seasonal variation of 60 85m a(-1). We use these oscillations to determine the significance of interannual changes in glacier length. All 36 glaciers underwent at least one period (1 year) of significant advance or retreat; 28 glaciers underwent at least one period of both significant advance and retreat. Over the entire period 1948-2012, 24 of these glaciers retreated a total ( uncertainty) of 107.950.29 km, 11 advanced a total of 7.71 +/- 0.20, and one (Chenega Glacier) did not change significantly. Retreats and advances are highly variable in time; several glaciers underwent rapid, short-term retreats of a few years duration. These retreats occurred after large changes in summer sea surface temperature anomalies; further study is needed to determine what triggered these retreats. No coherent regional behavior signal is apparent in the length record, although two subregions show a coherence similar to recent observations in Greenland. Key Points Alaska tidewater glacier length record, 1948-2012 Tidewater glacier retreat not constant in time Some retreats appear to be triggered by changes in ocean temperature
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| 16. |
- McNabb, R. W., et al.
(author)
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Variations in Alaska tidewater glacier frontal ablation, 1985-2013
- 2015
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In: Journal of Geophysical Research - Earth Surface. - 2169-9003 .- 2169-9011. ; 120:1, s. 120-136
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Our incomplete knowledge of the proportion of mass loss due to frontal ablation (the sum of ice loss through calving and submarine melt) from tidewater glaciers outside of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets has been cited as a major hindrance to accurate predictions of global sea level rise. We present a 28 year record (1985-2013) of frontal ablation for 27 Alaska tidewater glaciers (representing 96% of the total tidewater glacier area in the region), calculated from satellite-derived ice velocities and modeled estimates of glacier ice thickness. We account for cross-sectional ice thickness variation, long-term thickness changes, mass lost between an upstream fluxgate and the terminus, and mass change due to changes in terminus position. The total mean rate of frontal ablation for these 27 glaciers over the period 1985-2013 is 15.11 3.63Gta(-1). Two glaciers, Hubbard and Columbia, account for approximately 50% of these losses. The regional total ablation has decreased at a rate of 0.14Gta(-1) over this time period, likely due to the slowing and thinning of many of the glaciers in the study area. Frontal ablation constitutes only approximate to 4% of the total annual regional ablation, but roughly 20% of net mass loss. Comparing several commonly used approximations in the calculation of frontal ablation, we find that neglecting cross-sectional thickness variations severely underestimates frontal ablation.
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| 17. |
- Pirmohamed, Munir, et al.
(author)
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A Randomized Trial of Genotype-Guided Dosing of Warfarin
- 2013
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In: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 369:24, s. 2294-2303
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The level of anticoagulation in response to a fixed-dose regimen of warfarin is difficult to predict during the initiation of therapy. We prospectively compared the effect of genotype-guided dosing with that of standard dosing on anticoagulation control in patients starting warfarin therapy.Methods: We conducted a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial involving patients with atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism. Genotyping for CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3, and VKORC1 (-1639GA) was performed with the use of a point-of-care test. For patients assigned to the genotype-guided group, warfarin doses were prescribed according to pharmacogenetic-based algorithms for the first 5 days. Patients in the control (standard dosing) group received a 3-day loading-dose regimen. After the initiation period, the treatment of all patients was managed according to routine clinical practice. The primary outcome measure was the percentage of time in the therapeutic range of 2.0 to 3.0 for the international normalized ratio (INR) during the first 12 weeks after warfarin initiation.Results: A total of 455 patients were recruited, with 227 randomly assigned to the genotype-guided group and 228 assigned to the control group. The mean percentage of time in the therapeutic range was 67.4% in the genotype-guided group as compared with 60.3% in the control group (adjusted difference, 7.0 percentage points; 95% confidence interval, 3.3 to 10.6; P<0.001). There were significantly fewer incidences of excessive anticoagulation (INR 4.0) in the genotype-guided group. The median time to reach a therapeutic INR was 21 days in the genotype-guided group as compared with 29 days in the control group (P<0.001).Conclusions: Pharmacogenetic-based dosing was associated with a higher percentage of time in the therapeutic INR range than was standard dosing during the initiation of warfarin therapy.
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| 18. |
- Rasmussen, L. A., et al.
(author)
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Surface mass balance, thinning and iceberg production, Columbia Glacier, Alaska, 1948-2007
- 2011
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In: Journal of Glaciology. - : International Glaciological Society. - 0022-1430 .- 1727-5652. ; 57:203, s. 431-440
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A mass-balance model using upper-air meteorological data for input was calibrated with surface mass balance measured mainly during 1977-78 at 67 sites on Columbia Glacier, Alaska, between 135 and 2645 m a.s.l. Root-mean-square error, model vs measured, is 1.0 m w.e. a(-1), with r(2) = 0.88. A remarkable result of the analysis was that both precipitation and the factor in the positive degree-day model used to estimate surface ablation were constant with altitude. The model was applied to reconstruct glacier-wide components of surface mass balance over 1948-2007. Surface ablation, 4 km(3) ice eq.a(-1) (ice equivalent), has changed little throughout the period. From 1948 until about 1981, when drastic retreat began, the surface mass balance was positive but changes in glacier geometry were small, so the positive balance was offset by calving, similar to 0.9 km(3) ice eq.a(-)1. During retreat, volume loss of the glacier accounted for 92% of the iceberg production. Calving increased to similar to 4.3 km(3) ice eq.a(-)1 from 1982 to 1995, and after that until 2007 to similar to 8.0 km(3) ice eq.a(-1), which was about twice the loss by surface ablation, whereas prior to retreat it was only about a quarter as much. Calving is calculated as the difference between glacier-wide surface mass balance and geodetically determined volume change.
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| 19. |
- Sedlar, Joseph, et al.
(author)
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Testing longwave radiation parameterizations under clear and overcast skies at Storglaciären, Sweden
- 2009
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In: CRYOSPHERE. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1994-0416 .- 1994-0424. ; 3:1, s. 75-84
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Energy balance based glacier melt models require accurate estimates of incoming longwave radiation but direct measurements are often not available. Multi-year near-surface meteorological data from Storglaciaren, Northern Sweden, were used to evaluate commonly used longwave radiation parameterizations in a glacier environment under clear-sky and all-sky conditions. Parameterizations depending solely on air temperature performed worse than those which include water vapor pressure. All models tended to overestimate incoming longwave radiation during periods of low longwave radiation, while incoming longwave was underestimated when radiation was high. Under all-sky conditions root mean square error (RMSE) and mean bias error (MBE) were 17 to 20W m(-2) and -5 to 1 W m(-2), respectively. Two attempts were made to circumvent the need of cloud cover data. First cloud fraction was parameterized as a function of the ratio, tau, of measured incoming shortwave radiation and calculated top of atmosphere radiation. Second, tau was related directly to the cloud factor (i.e. the increase in sky emissivity due to clouds). Despite large scatter between tau and both cloud fraction and the cloud factor, resulting calculations of hourly incoming longwave radiation for both approaches were only slightly more variable with RMSE roughly 3 W m(-2) larger compared to using cloud observations as input. This is promising for longwave radiation modeling in areas where shortwave radiation data are available but cloud observations are not.
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| 20. |
- Teh, Wei Hock, et al.
(author)
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Breaking conventional limits of silicon content in Fe-xSi magnetic alloys through additive manufacturing
- 2024
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In: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - 0925-8388. ; 983
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Silicon steels, e.g., Fe-3.2% Si alloys, are widely used in energy conversion and transmission. Increasing the Si content can enhance electrical resistivity and reduce magnetic hysteresis loss, improving the energy efficiency. However, high silicon content decreases ductility and workability, limiting the Si content of the alloys that can be produced by conventional manufacturing. Instead, we used additive manufacturing by the direct energy deposition technique to produce high Si content Fe-Si alloys. Dense samples with up to 20% Si were successfully fabricated for the first time. A substantial change in saturation magnetization (from 90 to 209 emu/g) and a three-fold increase in hardness was observed with higher Si content. The electrical resistivity values tripled, enhancing the attractiveness of these higher Si content alloys. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength also increased, from 71 to 545 MPa, and 91 to 567 MPa, respectively. The coercivity remained relatively unchanged in the range of 9.1 to 10.8 Oe. Our results demonstrate the potential of fabrication of bulk high Si content Fe-Si alloys via additive manufacturing.
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| 21. |
- Wollmer, M Axel., et al.
(author)
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Association study of cholesterol-related genes in Alzheimer's disease
- 2007
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In: Neurogenetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1364-6745 .- 1364-6753. ; 8:3, s. 179-188
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a genetically complex disorder, and several genes related to cholesterol metabolism have been reported to contribute to AD risk. To identify further AD susceptibility genes, we have screened genes that map to chromosomal regions with high logarithm of the odds scores for AD in full genome scans and are related to cholesterol metabolism. In a European screening sample of 115 sporadic AD patients and 191 healthy control subjects, we analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms in 28 cholesterol-related genes for association with AD. The genes HMGCS2, FDPS, RAFTLIN, ACAD8, NPC2, and ABCG1 were associated with AD at a significance level of P ≤ 0.05 in this sample. Replication trials in five independent European samples detected associations of variants within HMGCS2, FDPS, NPC2, or ABCG1 with AD in some samples (P = 0.05 to P = 0.005). We did not identify a marker that was significantly associated with AD in the pooled sample (n = 2864). Stratification of this sample revealed an APOE-dependent association of HMGCS2 with AD (P = 0.004). We conclude that genetic variants investigated in this study may be associated with a moderate modification of the risk for AD in some samples.
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