| 1. |
- Aldea, Jorge, et al.
(författare)
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Species stratification and weather conditions drive tree growth in Scots pine and Norway spruce mixed stands along Europe
- 2021
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 481
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mixed forests are suggested as a strategic adaptation of forest management to climate change. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) are tree species of high economic and ecological value for European forestry. Both species coexist naturally in a large part of their distributions but there is a lack of knowledge on the ecological functioning of mixtures of these species and how to manage such stands. This paper analyses these species' intra- and inter-specific competition, including size-symmetric vs. size-asymmetric competition, and explore the effect of weather conditions on tree growth and competition. We studied basal area growth at tree level for Scots pine and Norway spruce in mixed versus pure stands in 22 triplets of fully-stocked plots along a broad range of ecological conditions across Europe. Stand inventory and increment cores provided insights into how species mixing modifies tree growth compared with neighbouring pure stands. Five different competition indices, weather variables and their interactions were included and checked in basal area growth models using a linear mixed model approach. Interspecific size-asymmetric competition strongly influenced growth for both tree species, and was modulated by weather conditions. However, species height stratification in mixed stands resulted in a greater tree basal area growth of Scots pine (10.5 em(2) year(-1)) than in pure stands (9.3 em(2) year(-1)), as this species occupies the upper canopy layer. Scots pine growth depended on temperature and drought, whereas Norway spruce growth was influenced only by drought. Interspecific site-asymmetric competition increased in cold winters for Scots pine, and decreased after a drought year for Norway spruce. Although mixtures of these species may reduce tree size for Norway spruce, our results suggest that this could be offset by faster growth in Scots pine. How inter-specific competition and weather conditions alter tree growth may have strong implications for the management of Scots pine-Norway spruce mixtures along the rotation period into the ongoing climate change scenario.
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| 2. |
- Aldea, Jorge, et al.
(författare)
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Timing and duration of drought modulate tree growth response in pure and mixed stands of Scots pine and Norway spruce
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Ecology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-0477 .- 1365-2745. ; 110:11, s. 2673-2683
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change is increasing the severity and frequency of droughts around the globe, leading to tree mortality that reduces production and provision of other ecosystem services. Recent studies show that growth of mixed stands may be more resilient to drought than pure stands. The two most economically important and widely distributed tree species in Europe are Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), but little is known about their susceptibility to drought when coexist.This paper analyses the resilience (resistance, recovery rate and recovery time) at individual-tree level using a network of tree-ring collections from 22 sites along a climatic gradient from central Europe to Scandinavia. We aimed to identify differences in growth following drought between the two species and between mixed and pure stands, and how environmental variables (climate, topography and site location) and tree characteristics influence them.We found that both the timing and duration of drought drive the different responses between species and compositions. Norway spruce showed higher vulnerability to summer drought, with both lower resistance and a longer recovery time than Scots pine. Mixtures provided higher drought resistance for both species compared to pure stands, but the benefit decreases with the duration of the drought. Especially climate sensitive and old trees in climatically marginal sites were more affected by drought stress.Synthesis. Promoting Scots pine and mixed forests is a promising strategy for adapting European forests to climate change. However, if future droughts become longer, the advantage of mixed stands could disappear which would be especially negative for Norway spruce.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Malte, 1941, et al.
(författare)
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”Minskande befolkning är inte problemet”
- 2020
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. ; :1 augusti, DN-debatt
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Nätverket Population Matters Sweden: En uppmärksammad studie i The Lancet pekar mot en lägre befolkningsökning i världen än tidigare prognoser. Men en miljard människor till är fortfarande långt över vad jorden klarar. Befolkningstrenden måste snarare vända neråt, och det kräver åtgärder för att stärka kvinnors rättigheter världen över.
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| 5. |
- Battisti, A, et al.
(författare)
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Urticating hairs in arthropods: their nature and medical significance
- 2011
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Ingår i: Annual review of entomology. - : Annual Reviews. - 1545-4487 .- 0066-4170. ; 56, s. 203-220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ecological phenomenon of arthropods with defensive hairs is widespread. These urticating hairs can be divided into three categories: true setae, which are detachable hairs in Lepidoptera and in New World tarantula spiders; modified setae, which are stiff hairs in lepidopteran larvae; and spines, which are complex and secretion-filled structures in lepidopteran larvae. This review focuses on the true setae because their high density on a large number of common arthropod species has great implications for human and animal health. Morphology and function, interactions with human tissues, epidemiology, and medical impact, including inflammation and allergy in relation to true setae, are addressed. Because data from epidemiological and other clinical studies are ambiguous with regard to frequencies of setae-caused allergic reactions, other mechanisms for setae-mediated disease are suggested. Finally, we briefly discuss current evidence for the adaptive and ecological significance of true setae.
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| 6. |
- Christensen, Ib Thrane, et al.
(författare)
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Olfactory testing in consecutive patients referred with suspected dementia.
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMC Geriatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2318. ; 17:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and early and accurate diagnosis is important. Olfactory dysfunction is an early sign of AD. The contribution by test of olfactory function has been surveyed in AD vs a line of conditions but remains to be settled in the workup of unselected patients referred with suspected dementia.METHODS: We performed a two-step investigation: first, a comparative study of healthy controls and probable AD patients to test the applicability of the chosen scents (cuisine study); second, a study of consecutive patients referred to our geriatric outpatient clinic for suspected dementia with the investigating personnel blinded to the results of the Olfactory Test (blinded study).RESULTS: The sum of scents detected discriminated patients with probable AD from controls in the cuisine study (n = 40; p < 0.001; area under ROC curve 0.94). In the blinded study (n = 50) the diagnosis was probable AD in 48%, minimal cognitive impairment in 24%, vascular dementia in 8%, alcohol induced impairment in 12%, depression in 4%, and Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia in 2%. Area under the ROC-curve was 0.67. The odds ratio for probable AD with 2+ smell errors was 12 (95%-CI: 1.3-101; p = 0.026 (reference 0-1 smell errors)) age adjusted. None in the AD group had zero smell errors (Negative Predictive Value 100%).CONCLUSION: Olfactory testing may support to dismiss the diagnosis of probable AD in the workup of a mixed group of patients referred with cognitive impairment. Still, it had a low sensitivity for probable AD.
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| 7. |
- del Río, Miren, et al.
(författare)
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Emerging stability of forest productivity by mixing two species buffers temperature destabilizing effect
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Ecology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0021-8901 .- 1365-2664. ; 59:11, s. 2730-2741
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing disturbances in monocultures around the world are testimony to their instability under global change. Many studies have claimed that temporal stability of productivity increases with species richness, although the ecological fundamentals have mainly been investigated through diversity experiments. To adequately manage forest ecosystems, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the effect of mixing species on the temporal stability of productivity and the way in which it is influenced by climate conditions across large geographical areas. Here, we used a unique dataset of 261 stands combining pure and two-species mixtures of four relevant tree species over a wide range of climate conditions in Europe to examine the effect of species mixing on the level and temporal stability of productivity. Structural equation modelling was employed to further explore the direct and indirect influence of climate, overyielding, species asynchrony and additive effect (i.e. temporal stability expected from the species growth in monospecific stands) on temporal stability in mixed forests. We showed that by adding only one tree species to monocultures, the level (overyielding: +6%) and stability (temporal stability: +12%) of stand growth increased significantly. We identified the key effect of temperature on destabilizing stand growth, which may be mitigated by mixing species. We further confirmed asynchrony as the main driver of temporal stability in mixed stands, through both the additive effect and species interactions, which modify between-species asynchrony in mixtures in comparison to monocultures. Synthesis and applications. This study highlights the emergent properties associated with mixing two species, which result in resource efficient and temporally stable production systems. We reveal the negative impact of mean temperature on temporal stability of forest productivity and how the stabilizing effect of mixing two species can counterbalance this impact. The overyielding and temporal stability of growth addressed in this paper are essential for ecosystem services closely linked with the level and rhythm of forest growth. Our results underline that mixing two species can be a realistic and effective nature-based climate solution, which could contribute towards meeting EU climate target policies.
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| 8. |
- Ejrnaes, K, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics of Escherichia coli causing persistence or relapse of urinary tract infections Phylogenetic groups, virulence factors and biofilm formation
- 2011
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Ingår i: VIRULENCE. - 2150-5594. ; 2:6, s. 528-537
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract: Recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTIs) pose a major problem but little is known about characteristics of Escherichia coli associated with RUTI. This study includes E. coli from 155 women with community-acquired lower urinary tract infections (UTIs) randomized to one of three dosing regiments of pivmecillinam and aimed to identify associations between the presence of 29 virulence factor genes (VFGs), phylogenetic groups and biofilm formation and the course of infection during follow-up visits at 8-10 and 35-49 d post-inclusion, respectively. E. coli causing persistence or relapse were more often of phylogenetic group B2 and had a significantly higher aggregate VFG score than E. coli that were not detectable at follow-up. Specifically, these E. coli causing persistence or relapse were characterized by a higher prevalence of hemolysis and 12 VFGs (sfa/focDE, papAH, agn43, chuA, fyuA, iroN, kpsM II, kpsM II K2, cnf1, hlyD, malX and usp). KpsM II K2 and agn43a(CFT073) were independently associated with persistence or relapse. No specific combination of presence/absence of VFGs could serve as a marker to predict RUTI. Stratifying for VFGs, seven days of pivmecillinam treatment reduced the prevalence of persistence or relapse of UTI compared with three days. In vitro biofilm formation was not higher among E. coli causing persistence or relapse. The presence of agn43a(CFT073) or agn43b(CFT073) was associated with biofilm forming capacity. In conclusion, our results show potential targets for prevention and treatment of persistence/relapse of UTI and potential markers for selecting treatment lengths and warrant studies of these and new VFGs.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Emgård, Per, et al.
(författare)
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External otitis caused by infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Candida albicans cured by use of a topical group III steroid, without any antibiotics
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 125:4, s. 346-352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONCLUSIONS: Irrespective of the microbial agent, group III steroid solution cured external otitis efficiently in a rat model. The addition of antibiotic components to steroid solutions for the treatment of external otitis is of questionable validity. OBJECTIVE: External otitis, caused by infection with either Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Candida albicans, was established in a rat model and the treatment efficacy of a group III steroid solution was studied. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three treatments were studied: (i) a group III steroid solution; (ii) a group I steroid combined with two antibiotic components; and (iii) a saline solution. A scoring scale was used to evaluate the characteristics of the ear canal skin. Bacteriological and fungal samples were collected for culturing and ear canal skin biopsies were taken for structural analyses. RESULTS: It was possible to cause P. aeruginosa and C. albicans infections in an animal model. In the P. aeruginosa-infected animals, only the group III steroid treatment cured all the animals. In the C. albicans-infected animals, group III steroid treatment resolved external otitis faster than the other treatment modalities.
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| 11. |
- Enström, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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Organ damage in treated middle-aged hypertensives compared to normotensives: results from a cross-sectional study in general practice
- 2000
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Ingår i: Blood Pressure. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-7051 .- 1651-1999. ; 9:1, s. 28-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: High blood pressure contributes to organ damage. However, during the past two decades there have been great advances in the medical treatment of hypertension. Technical progress has also made it easier to visualize organ damage. Hence we found it of interest to examine heart, brain and retina in a group of middle-aged treated hypertensives, comparing the results with those from a group of middle-aged normotensives. METHODS: The subjects were 40 (20 men) treated hypertensives and 40 (20 men) normotensives, who had previously taken part in a study in which ambulatory blood pressure monitoring had been performed. The heart was examined by echocardiography, the retina by photography and the brain by magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: Office blood pressure and 24-h systolic/diastolic blood pressure (S/D) were 141/86 (13/7) mmHg and 128/81 (11/6) mmHg in the hypertensives and 125/78 (10/8) mmHg and 118/74 (8/5) mmHg in the normotensives, respectively. Left ventricular mass was 101 (27) g/m2 in the hypertensives and 85 (18) g/m2 in the normotensives (p = 0.0025). The corresponding figures for the left atrium were 21.1 (3.1) mm/m2 in the hypertensives and 19.5 (2.2) mm/m2 in the normotensives (p < 0.001). E/A wave quotient was 1.09 (0.26) in the hypertensives and 1.26 (0.26) in the normotensives (p = 0.0045), while left ventricular systolic function did not differ between the groups. Ten hypertensives and one normotensive subject had left ventricular mass above normal range. Narrow retinal arteries were found in 22 hypertensives and 8 normotensives (p < 0.001). Brain magnetic resonance changes (deep white matter and/or periventricular) were found in 19 hypertensives and 9 normotensives (p = 0.0431). CONCLUSIONS: The hypertensives differed significantly from the normotensives concerning left ventricular mass, left atrium, left ventricular diastolic function and retinal vessel changes. Deep white matter and periventricular changes in the brain were also significantly different in the two groups. We can only speculate as to whether earlier antihypertensive treatment or further blood pressure reduction could have affected these differences.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Gotfredsen, Klaus, et al.
(författare)
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Implants and/or teeth: consensus statements and recommendations.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of oral rehabilitation. - : Wiley. - 1365-2842 .- 0305-182X. ; 35:Suppl 1, s. 2-8
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In August 23-25, 2007, the Scandinavian Society for Prosthetic Dentistry in collaboration with the Danish Society of Oral Implantology arranged a consensus conference on the topic 'Implants and/or teeth'. It was preceded by a workshop in which eight focused questions were raised and answered in eight review articles using a systematic approach. Twenty-eight academicians and clinicians discussed the eight review papers with the purpose to reach consensus on questions relevant for the topic. At the conference the consensus statements were presented as well as lectures based on the review articles. In this article the methods used at the consensus workshop are briefly described followed by the statements with comments.
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| 16. |
- Granlund, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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Stomatococcus mucilaginosus septicemia in leukemic patients.
- 1996
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Ingår i: Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. - 1469-0691. ; 2:3, s. 179-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To report an unexpectedly high number of cases of septicemia with Stomatococcus mucilaginosus, and try to identify predisposing factors. METHODS: All blood cultures obtained during 1991--93 from patients treated at the hematologic ward were bacteriologically identified. The medical records of patients with S. mucilaginosus-positive blood cultures were retrospectively reviewed and evaluated. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of S. mucilaginosus were tested. RESULTS: S. mucilaginosus blood isolates from patients with hematologic malignancies were found to be as common as isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Eleven patients with myelogenous leukemia and isolation of S. mucilaginosus from the blood are reported on. One patient had concomitant meningitis. All patients were neutropenic and most had oral mucositis and had been given ciprofloxacin prophylaxis. S. mucilaginosus isolates from these patients were resistant to ciprofloxacin in contrast to isolates from patients who had received other prophylactic regimens and seven isolates found in healthy individuals not recently treated with antibiotics. The resistant S. mucilaginosus were found to be of diverse genetic origin as determined by RFLP. CONCLUSIONS: The appearance of resistant strains during ciprofloxacin prophylaxis may be a predisposing factor for S. mucilaginosus septicemia. There was no evidence of a nosocomial spread of S. mucilaginosus strains.
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| 17. |
- Götmark, Frank, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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FN bör ha som mål att bromsa folkökningen
- 2018
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Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet (SvD-Debatt, 22 juli).
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- I diskussionen om miljö och vår framtid bör också överbefolkning lyftas fram. Frågan undviks ofta i samhällsdebatten – trots att den är central. Vi uppmanar den svenska regeringen att ta upp frågan i FN, skriver flera debattörer.
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| 18. |
- Holm, Stig-Olof
(författare)
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A Management Strategy for Multiple Ecosystem Services in Boreal Forests
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Sustainable Forestry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1054-9811 .- 1540-756X. ; 34:4, s. 358-379
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A change of the forestry management approach where semi-natural forests are re-created after logging instead of tree plantations will contribute to a sustainable forestry. Such a change will increase resilience to damages on trees, thus contributing to a more reliable supply of wood, improve reindeer husbandry, and reduce climate-driving gases. Furthermore, re-creation of semi-natural forests will better secure biodiversity. Since adequate protection of many threatened forest species, however, is not compatible with even moderate logging, a functional conservation model also has to include total saving of parts of the forest landscape.
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| 19. |
- Holm, Stig-Olov, et al.
(författare)
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Increased ecoefficiency and gross rebound effect : Evidence from USA and six European countries 1960-2002
- 2009
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Ingår i: Ecological Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-8009 .- 1873-6106. ; 68:3, s. 879-887
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite increased efficiency in the use of natural resources, the use of these resources continues to increase in most societies. This paper examines the discrepancy between the potential decrease of use of natural resources, as an effect of increased efficiency, and actual use. During the period 1960–2002, this difference was found to grow faster in the USA than the mean for six West European countries. Possible reasons for this difference between the two regions are analysed. To reduce the anthropogenic flows of energy and material, and the consequent deleterious effects on the biosphere, it will become necessary to adapt consumption to degree of efficiency in the use of natural resources. Based on the comparison between the two regions, some economic aspects of this issue are discussed.
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| 20. |
- Holm, Stig-Olov, 1957-
(författare)
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Reproductive patterns of birches (Betula spp.) in northern Sweden
- 1994
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis was to study patterns of reproduction of Betula pendula and B. pubescens coll. along an altitudinal, coastal-inland, gradient in northern Sweden. The altitudinal variation was related to the distribution of the birch taxa along the gradient.Six years field data showed a steep decrease of seed germinability of B. pendula towards its altitudinal range limit in the Scandes every year. In contrast, B. pubescens ssp. pubescens showed significant positive correlations between seed germinability and altitude in three of the six years. Furthermore, there was a highly significant positive correlation between seed weight and altitude for B. pubescens coll., but not for B. pendula. Production of viable seeds fluctuated strongly between years in most populations, except in marginal B. pendula populations in the mountain area where it was constantly very low. On average 15 - 41 % of the seeds produced in B. pendula populations above 400 m altitude were attacked by gall midges (Semudobia ssp.). Corresponding values for B. pendula populations below 400 m altitude were 4 - 7 %. In B. pubescens populations, the seeds attacked by Semudobia ssp. never exceeded 3 %. The high frequency of Semudobia attackes in high altitude marginal B. pendula populations was suggested to be due to limited resources for defense against the seed predator.A 3-yr study documented large variations in pollination and seed quality between taxa, high and low altitude populations, and between years. Empty seeds (without embryos) dominated among the sampled seeds in most cases. This proportion was decreased by pollen addition, in both B. pendula and B. pubescens, in mountain populations, but not in coastal populations. The high percentage of empty seeds was therefore suggested to be partly caused by pollen-limitation, but failure of pollen tube penetration - fertilisation, or maternal resource supply could also have had an influence.A laboratory experiment showed increased pollen germination and length of the longest pollen tube per style after increased pollination. The correlations between number and length of pollen tubes per style were however mostly low in natural populations, suggesting low probability of pollen competition in the natural situation.Sowing experiments indicated that differences in initial seedling density between B. pendula and B. pubescens was more affected by interspecific differences in seed quality than by interspecific differences in survival of seedlings after establishment A study of the age structure of a B. pendula stand, planted about 250 m above its natural altitudinal limit, indicated that this birch may reproduce above its recent range limit during temporally warmer periods.It was concluded that the level of accumulated resources in B. pendula in marginal sites in the Scandes would mostly be too low for completion of the reproductive cycle. In contrast, B. pubescens ssp. pubescens is able to accumulate enough rescources for reproduction also at relative high altitudes.
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| 21. |
- Isacsson, Barbro, 1947-
(författare)
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Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of aminoglycosides
- 1992
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The pharmacokinetics of amikacin in humans and the pharmacodynamic effects, i.e. initial killing and postantibiotic effect (P AE), of the aminoglycosides were studied in this thesis. For1y-five elderly patients with serious infections were treated in a prospective, comparative and randomized pharmacokinetic study with amikacin given once or twice daily. The administration of a single dose of 15 mg!kg of amikacin yielded a higher peak concentration (55 mg/1) in comparison to the peak concentration (33 mg!l) when the same total dose was given twice daily. The area under the curve (AUC) was the same regardless of the mode of administration. The kinetics of amikacin, 11 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg were studied during a 24 h interval. Using a hiexponential equation the average serum half-lives were quite long, 4.4 - 5.2 h. In practice, a uni-exponential equation is often used, and this may lead to incorrect conclusions about the elimination rate of amikacin. When given to our elderly patients the peak concentration of 11 mg/kg of arnikacin ( 42 mg!l) seems to be sufficiently high in relation to the MICs of important isolated pathogens, i.e. ,2>10 x MIC. Thus this dose may be sufficient for elderly patients when given once daily. The in vitro postantibiotic effects (P AE) of amikacin, gentamicin, netilmicin and tobramycin onGram-negative bacteria and on staphylococci were studied by a bioluminescent assay of bacterial ATP. This method simplified the P AE studies and made such studies possible at high aminoglycoside concentrations. The length of the P AE was concentration-dependent for all the aminoglycosides studied. The mean P AE values of the Gram-negative strains and of the Staphylococcus aureus strains ranged between 3 to 7 h at the aminoglycoside concentrations normally reached in serum during standard dosing. The P AE of arnikacin alone, and in combination with ceftazidime, ceftriaxone or piperacillin, on Gram-negative bacteria and on enterococci was also studied. The combination of 13-lactam antibiotics with amikacin induced longer P AEs than the sum of P AEs of the individual drugs. This synergistic P AE was seen especially when the 13-lactam antibiotics were combined with amikacin concentrations close to MIC. Amikacin alone induced no P AEon the Enterococcus .faecalis strains. APAE of 1.6 h at the most resulted from exposure to piperacillin. In combination, amikacin and piperacillin increased the P AE to 5.5 h. In conclusion, with regard to the pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamics there is strong support for the once daily dosing regimens of aminoglycosides. The results of this study could also haveimpact on dosing regimens of antimicrobial combinations and might lead to administration of lower doses of potentially toxic drugs without loss of efficacy.
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| 22. |
- Katznelson, Hannah, et al.
(författare)
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Reflective Functioning, Psychotherapeutic Alliance, and Outcome in Two Psychotherapies for Bulimia Nervosa
- 2020
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Ingår i: Psychotherapy. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0033-3204 .- 1939-1536. ; 57:2, s. 129-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mentalization is a developmental achievement defined as the capacity to understand behavior in terms of mental states. This study investigated mentalization in psychoanalytic psychotherapy (PPT) and cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) through a secondary data analysis of findings from a randomized controlled trial for bulimia nervosa. It was hypothesized that mentalization would predict alliance and outcome in both treatments, whereas increase in mentalization was only expected after PPT. Furthermore, it was investigated whether change in mentalization predicted symptom change. A total of 70 participants with bulimia nervosa were randomized to PPT or CBT. Participants were assessed at 3 time points with the Eating Disorder Examination and the Adult Attachment Interview (rated for reflective functioning [RF]). Therapy sessions were rated with the Vanderbilt Therapeutic Alliance Scale. Higher intake RF significantly predicted better alliance, whereas no association was observed between RF and outcome. A significant interaction between time, therapy type, and RF found RF improving more in PPT than in CBT. There was a significant association between RF change and symptom change in the PPT group. The study suggests a relation between RF and psychotherapy process, whereas the relation between RF and outcome is more complex. Furthermore, PPT seems to enhance mentalization, which seems related to symptomatic improvement, suggesting that mentalization might serve as a specific mechanism of change in PPT.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Maripuu, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamics of the immune response against extracellular products of group A streptococci during infection
- 2007
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Ingår i: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. - 1556-6811 .- 1556-679X. ; 14:1, s. 44-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The immune response against the infecting group A streptococcus (GAS) extracellular products (EP) was determined in acute- and convalescent-phase sera from 75 patients with different clinical manifestations of GAS infection. All EP elicited a high proliferative response in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In patients with bacteremia, low neutralization in acute-phase sera was associated with development of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Lack of neutralization in acute-phase sera was more common in patients infected with the T1emm1 serotype. The majority of patients did not develop the ability to neutralize the mitogenic activity of their infecting isolate despite a significant increase in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titer in early convalescent-phase sera. In patients with the ability to neutralize GAS EP, the immune response remained high over at least 3 years. In contrast, the neutralization capacity conferred by intravenous immunoglobulin and/or plasma treatment disappeared within 3 months.
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| 25. |
- Monsen, Tor J., et al.
(författare)
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Mecillinam resistance and outcome of pivmecillinam treatment in uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection in women
- 2014
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Ingår i: Apmis. - Hoboken : Wiley. - 0903-4641 .- 1600-0463. ; 122:4, s. 317-323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pivmecillinam (PIV) is a first-line antimicrobial for treatment of lower urinary tract infection in women (LUTIW). Mecillinam, the active substance of PIV, is bactericidal mainly against gram-negative uropathogens, whereas gram-positive species are considered intrinsically resistant. However, successful treatment of LUTIW caused by Staphylococcus saprophyticus has been reported, but more rarely for other gram-positive species. The aim of this study was to compare clinical and bacteriological outcome of PIV vs placebo treatment among uropathogens with special focus on mecillinam-resistant isolates. We analysed data from a prospective, multicentre, placebo-controlled, primary health care, therapy study performed in Sweden in 1995-1998 that included 1143 women with symptoms suggestive of LUTIW. Urine cultures were collected and symptoms registered at inclusion and at follow-up visits. Overall, the efficacy of PIV was superior to that of placebo. Clinical and bacteriological outcomes of PIV treatment were similar for S. saprophyticus, Escherichia coli as for most other uropathogens irrespective of their susceptibility to mecillinam. However, the occurrence of enterococci increased nearly fivefold shortly post PIV treatment, although with mild symptoms and a high spontaneous eradication. As susceptibility to mecillinam in vitro did not predict bacteriological and clinical outcome of PIV treatment, we suggest that the present breakpoints for mecillinam should be revised.
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