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- Kholmatova, K., et al.
(author)
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Obesity Prevalence and Associated Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Health Behaviors in Russia and Norway
- 2022
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In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601 .- 1661-7827. ; 19:15
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Associations between obesity and socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics vary between populations. Exploring such differences should throw light on factors related to obesity. We examined associations between general obesity (GO, defined by body mass index) and abdominal obesity (AO, defined by waist-to-hip ratio) and sex, age, socio-economic characteristics (education, financial situation, marital status), smoking and alcohol consumption in women and men aged 40-69 years from the Know Your Heart study (KYH, Russia, N = 4121, 2015-2018) and the seventh Tromso Study (Tromso7, Norway, N = 17,646, 2015-2016). Age-standardized prevalence of GO and AO was higher in KYH compared to Tromso7 women (36.7 vs. 22.0% and 44.2 vs. 18.4%, respectively) and similar among men (26.0 vs. 25.7% and 74.8 vs. 72.2%, respectively). The positive association of age with GO and AO was stronger in KYH vs. Tromso7 women and for AO it was stronger in men in Tromso7 vs. KYH. Associations between GO and socio-economic characteristics were similar in KYH and Tromso7, except for a stronger association with living with spouse/partner in KYH men. Smoking had a positive association with AO in men in Tromso7 and in women in both studies. Frequent drinking was negatively associated with GO and AO in Tromso7 participants and positively associated with GO in KYH men. We found similar obesity prevalence in Russian and Norwegian men but higher obesity prevalence in Russian compared to Norwegian women. Other results suggest that the stronger association of obesity with age in Russian women is the major driver of the higher obesity prevalence among them compared to women in Norway.
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| 2. |
- Tiwari, S., et al.
(author)
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Lifestyle factors as mediators of area-level socio-economic differentials in cardiovascular disease risk factors. The Troms? Study
- 2022
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In: Ssm-Population Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-8273. ; 19
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death and disability and living in areas with low socio-economic status (SES) is associated with increased risk of CVD. Lifestyle factors such as smoking, physical inactivity, an unhealthy diet and harmful alcohol use are main risk factors that contribute to other modifiable risk factors, such as hypertension, raised blood cholesterol, obesity, and diabetes. The potential impact of area -level socio-economic status (ASES) on metabolic CVD risk factors via lifestyle behaviors independent of indi-vidual SES has not been investigated previously.Aims: To estimate associations of ASES with CVD risk factors and the mediating role of lifestyle behaviors in-dependent of individual-level SES.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included 19,415 participants (52% women) from the seventh survey of the Tromso Study (2015-2016) (Tromso7). The exposure variable ASES was created by aggregating individual -level SES variables (education, income, housing ownership) at the geographical subdivision level. Individual -level SES data and geographical subdivision of Tromso municipality (36 areas) were obtained from Statistics Norway. Variables from questionnaires and clinical examinations obtained from Tromso7 were used as mediators (smoking, snuff, alcohol, and physical activity), while the outcome variables were body mass index (BMI), total/ high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio, waist circumference, hypertension, diabetes. Mediation and mediated moderation analysis were performed with age as a moderator, stratified by sex.Results: ASES was significantly associated with all outcome variables. CVD risk factor level declined with an increase in ASES. These associations were mediated by differences in smoking habits, alcohol use and physical activity. The associations of ASES with total/HDL cholesterol ratio and waist circumference (women) were moderated by age, and the moderating effects were mediated by smoking and physical activity in both sexes. The largest mediated effects were seen in the associations of ASES with total/HDL cholesterol ratio, with the me-diators accounting for 43% of the observed effects.Conclusions: Living in lower SES areas is associated with increased CVD risk due to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, such as smoking, alcohol use and physical inactivity. These associations were stronger in women and among older participants.
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| 3. |
- Petrenya, N., et al.
(author)
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Relationship between periodontitis and risk of cardiovascular disease: Insights from the Tromso Study
- 2022
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In: Journal of Periodontology. - : Wiley. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 93:9, s. 1353-1365
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Few large-scale studies have investigated the association between periodontitis and cardiovascular risk estimated by risk assessment models; moreover, this association remains unexplored in never-smokers. We aimed to examine the relationship between periodontitis and cardiovascular risk in a Norwegian general population, with a focus on never-smokers and the impact of sex and age. Methods The present study included 2623 participants from the seventh survey of the Tromso Study (Tromso7, 2015-2016), aged 45-74 years, and without previous myocardial infarction or stroke. Periodontitis was defined according to the 2017 American Academy of Periodontology and the European Federation of Periodontology classification system. Participants were categorized by grade based on percentage bone loss/age as no periodontitis/Grade A (low progression rate) and Grade B/C (moderate-rapid progression rate). Low, medium, and high cardiovascular risk was defined based on the Norwegian risk model NORRISK 2. We used ordered logistic regression analysis to examine the association between periodontitis and cardiovascular risk, adjusting for education, toothbrushing frequency, body mass index, and diabetes. Subanalyses included stratification by sex and age (45-54, 55-64, 65-74 years) and a separate analysis of never-smokers. Results Periodontitis Grade B/C was associated with higher cardiovascular risk than no periodontitis/Grade A (odds ratio [OR], 2.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.75-2.61). This association was significant in both men and women, all age groups, and never-smokers. However, when never-smokers were stratified by age, the association remained significant only in those aged 65-74 years (OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.50-5.99). Conclusion Periodontitis Grade B/C was associated with higher cardiovascular risk overall, and in never-smokers aged 65-74 years.
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