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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Long-range angular correlations on the near and away side in p-Pb collisions at root S-NN=5.02 TeV
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 719:1-3, s. 29-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angular correlations between charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV for transverse momentum ranges within 0.5 < P-T,P-assoc < P-T,P-trig < 4 GeV/c. The correlations are measured over two units of pseudorapidity and full azimuthal angle in different intervals of event multiplicity, and expressed as associated yield per trigger particle. Two long-range ridge-like structures, one on the near side and one on the away side, are observed when the per-trigger yield obtained in low-multiplicity events is subtracted from the one in high-multiplicity events. The excess on the near-side is qualitatively similar to that recently reported by the CMS Collaboration, while the excess on the away-side is reported for the first time. The two-ridge structure projected onto azimuthal angle is quantified with the second and third Fourier coefficients as well as by near-side and away-side yields and widths. The yields on the near side and on the away side are equal within the uncertainties for all studied event multiplicity and p(T) bins, and the widths show no significant evolution with event multiplicity or p(T). These findings suggest that the near-side ridge is accompanied by an essentially identical away-side ridge. (c) 2013 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Bryazka, D., et al.
(författare)
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Population-level risks of alcohol consumption by amount, geography, age, sex, and year: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lancet. - 0140-6736. ; 400:10347, s. 185-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The health risks associated with moderate alcohol consumption continue to be debated. Small amounts of alcohol might lower the risk of some health outcomes but increase the risk of others, suggesting that the overall risk depends, in part, on background disease rates, which vary by region, age, sex, and year. Methods For this analysis, we constructed burden-weighted dose-response relative risk curves across 22 health outcomes to estimate the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL) and non-drinker equivalence (NDE), the consumption level at which the health risk is equivalent to that of a non-drinker, using disease rates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2020 for 21 regions, including 204 countries and territories, by 5-year age group, sex, and year for individuals aged 15-95 years and older from 1990 to 2020. Based on the NDE, we quantified the population consuming harmful amounts of alcohol. Findings The burden-weighted relative risk curves for alcohol use varied by region and age. Among individuals aged 15-39 years in 2020, the TMREL varied between 0 (95% uncertainty interval 0-0) and 0.603 (0.400-1.00) standard drinks per day, and the NDE varied between 0.002 (0-0) and 1.75 (0.698-4.30) standard drinks per day. Among individuals aged 40 years and older, the burden-weighted relative risk curve was J-shaped for all regions, with a 2020 TMREL that ranged from 0.114 (0-0.403) to 1.87 (0.500-3.30) standard drinks per day and an NDE that ranged between 0.193 (0-0.900) and 6.94 (3.40-8.30) standard drinks per day. Among individuals consuming harmful amounts of alcohol in 2020, 59.1% (54.3-65.4) were aged 15-39 years and 76.9% (7.0-81.3) were male. Interpretation There is strong evidence to support recommendations on alcohol consumption varying by age and location. Stronger interventions, particularly those tailored towards younger individuals, are needed to reduce the substantial global health loss attributable to alcohol. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 7. |
- Gustavsson, Rune, et al.
(författare)
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Ancillary services for smart grids : Power quality markets
- 2013
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Ingår i: 202013 IEEE Grenoble Conference PowerTech. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781467356695
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper addresses the roles and models of ancillary services in future Smart grids. Realization of future Smart grids is enabled by a transition from present day mainly hierarchical and regulated power systems to open market based flexible Smart grids. This transition involves new stakeholders and market opportunities related to primary and ancillary services. We suggest Service Level Agreements (SLAs) as a mechanism to coordinate and monitor primary and ancillary services and stakeholders in s given use/business case. We illustrate our approach with use cases based on Power Quality (PQ) markets with Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) or established PQ indices as coordination and negotiation mechanisms between producers and users of power. Some of our use cases are chosen from the ongoing EU project Grid4EU.
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| 8. |
- Hussain, Shahid, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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A SLA Conceptual Framework for Monitoring QoS in Smart Grid
- 2013
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Ingår i: 2013 IEEE Grenoble Conference PowerTech, POWERTECH 2013. - 9781467356695
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The EU Climate and Energy Package, setting the 20-20-20 targets of future energy systems will change the landscape of the energy systems in Europe. A transition from monopolized controlled power network to customer oriented Smart Grid operating in deregulated energy market poses several regulatory, organizational and technical challenges. In such a scenario, multiple stakeholders coordinate to produce and deliver energy and relevant services to consumers. The intra-contractual negotiation is tightly coupled with QoS (Quality of Service). However, there is a lack of active monitoring aspect using QoS. Hence, there exists a gap to actively monitor the QoS values among all negotiated SLAs (Service Level Agreements). In order to address QoS in this setting, SLAs has been proposed as a tool. SLA framework sets up the trust and the coordination among stakeholders in a business case and relevant services with set points and agreements to be monitored. In this paper we propose a SLA framework for monitoring services in smart grid.
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| 9. |
- Hussain, Shahid, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Service Level Agreement : Coordination and monitoring of actors in Smart Grid
- 2012
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Ingår i: Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT Europe), 2012 3rd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on. - : IEEE. - 9781467325974
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smooth and reliable operation of the future Smart Grid requires addressing coordination and interoperability issues. In Smart Grid, the coordination of new actors and monitoring of new business processes, such as Active Demand and Electric Vehicles is non-trivial. These new actors and related business processes change the landscape of power grid from traditional passive Demand Side Management of loads to active customers connected in Active Distribution Grid. Smart Grid operations require monitoring and coordination between high-level business requirements and low-level infrastructure affordances. To support such perspectives of the power grid an additional ICT infrastructure supplementing traditional SCADA systems is required. We argue that to enable and validate end-to-end interoperable solutions a new tool is required. In this paper we introduce Service Level Agreement as one such a tool, supporting design and implementation of well-coordinated interoperable information flows and ensuring shared agreed-upon situation awareness among stakeholders. Finally we illustrate our approach in Smart Grid Electric Vehicle systems.
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| 10. |
- Hussain, Shahid, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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SLA Conceptual Framework for Coordinating and Monitoring Information Flow in Smart Grid
- 2014
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Ingår i: 2014 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference, ISGT 2014. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781479936526 ; , s. 6816470-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The EU challenges for the future energy systems will change the scene of the energy systems in Europe. A transition from centralized controlled power network to customer oriented Smart Grid operating in distributed and deregulated energy market poses several regulatory, organizational and technical challenges. In such a market scenarios, multiple stakeholders provide services to produce and deliver energy. Due to the inclusion of new stakeholders at multiple levels there is a lack of purposeful monitoring based on pre-negotiated SLAs. Hence, there exists a gap to actively monitor KPIs values among all negotiated SLAs (Service Level Agreements). This paper addresses SLA based active monitoring of information flow. The proposed SLA framework provides monitoring based on negotiated KPIs in an automated and trustworthy way to coordinate information flow. In the end a use case is presented to validate the SLA framework.
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| 11. |
- Hussain, Shahid, et al.
(författare)
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Trustworthy injection/curtailment of DER in distribution network maintaining quality of service
- 2011
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Ingår i: 16th International Conference on Intelligent System Applications to Power Systems. - Hersonisos, Crete : IEEE. ; , s. 1-6
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Future powers system is considering huge flux of information flow due to increase in Renewable Energy Sources. Due to the limited monitoring and management of SCADA systems, inclusion of DER at local distribution level is a challenging task for the Smart Grid. We discuss the non-functional requirement aspects and their implication in trustworthy systems. The paper also illustrates an engineering approach towards trustworthy ICT systems. We present a use case about Injection/Curtailment of DER in distributed network. Further, we argue the importance of Service Level Agreements as coordination tool for information exchange between DSO and DER for the provisioning of trustworthy services. Finally conclude that modeling of SLA using Multi Agent Systems is a viable approach towards Trustworthy future Smart Grid applications.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Kocarnik, J. M., et al.
(författare)
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Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019 A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2022
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Ingår i: Jama Oncology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2374-2437 .- 2374-2445. ; 8:3, s. 420-488
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden. OBJECTIVE To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019. EVIDENCE REVIEW The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). FINDINGS In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3%(95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9%(95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4%(1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7%(4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and YDALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of this systematic analysis suggest that the global burden of cancer is substantial and growing, with burden differing by SDI. These results provide comprehensive and comparable estimates that can potentially inform efforts toward equitable cancer control around the world.
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| 14. |
- Merid, Simon Kebede, et al.
(författare)
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Epigenome-wide meta-analysis of blood DNA methylation in newborns and children identifies numerous loci related to gestational age
- 2020
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Ingår i: Genome Medicine. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset. - 1756-994X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Preterm birth and shorter duration of pregnancy are associated with increased morbidity in neonatal and later life. As the epigenome is known to have an important role during fetal development, we investigated associations between gestational age and blood DNA methylation in children. Methods: We performed meta-analysis of Illumina's HumanMethylation450-array associations between gestational age and cord blood DNA methylation in 3648 newborns from 17 cohorts without common pregnancy complications, induced delivery or caesarean section. We also explored associations of gestational age with DNA methylation measured at 4-18 years in additional pediatric cohorts. Follow-up analyses of DNA methylation and gene expression correlations were performed in cord blood. DNA methylation profiles were also explored in tissues relevant for gestational age health effects: fetal brain and lung. Results: We identified 8899 CpGs in cord blood that were associated with gestational age (range 27-42 weeks), at Bonferroni significance, P < 1.06 × 10- 7, of which 3343 were novel. These were annotated to 4966 genes. After restricting findings to at least three significant adjacent CpGs, we identified 1276 CpGs annotated to 325 genes. Results were generally consistent when analyses were restricted to term births. Cord blood findings tended not to persist into childhood and adolescence. Pathway analyses identified enrichment for biological processes critical to embryonic development. Follow-up of identified genes showed correlations between gestational age and DNA methylation levels in fetal brain and lung tissue, as well as correlation with expression levels. Conclusions: We identified numerous CpGs differentially methylated in relation to gestational age at birth that appear to reflect fetal developmental processes across tissues. These findings may contribute to understanding mechanisms linking gestational age to health effects.
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| 15. |
- Naqvi, Salman Raza, et al.
(författare)
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Catalytic Pyrolysis Of Botryococcus Braunii (microalgae) Over Layered and Delaminated Zeolites For Aromatic Hydrocarbon Production
- 2017
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED ENERGY. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. ; , s. 381-385
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Botryococcus braunii (B. Braunii) is considered as due to its high capability of large aromatic contents, prominent green microalgae as a renewable energy resource. The aim and novelty of this work is to exploit the pyrolysis characteristics of microalgae with layered and delaminated zeolites using Py-GC/MS. No catalyst and catalytic pyrolysis was compared to evaluate product components formed. Further, the catalytic pyrolysis of botryococcus braunii was carried out in the presence of two zeolites with different pore topology and acidity. The results from non-catalytic microalgae pyrolysis were compared to catalytic pyrolysis together with different catalysts to biomass ratios for aromatic hydrocarbons production. Py-GC/MS results showed the aromatic hydrocarbon production (area%) was significantly improved from zeolite catalytic pyrolysis than non-catalytic pyrolysis. The increase in catalyst to biomass ratio (3:1 and 5:1) resulted in higher aromatic hydrocarbon production. As the catalyst to biomass ratio increased, it is observed that aromatic hydrocarbon content increased as compared to low catalyst to biomass ratio. In addition, ITQ-2 zeolite generated higher aromatic hydrocarbons. This might be due to better pore structure and acidity of delaminated structure as compared to layered structure. This delaminated topology enhances the reactant diffusion and reduces the secondary cracking.
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| 16. |
- Saeed, Aamer, et al.
(författare)
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Novel N-(benzo[d]oxazol-2-yl)alkanamides : synthesis and carbonic anhydrase II inhibition studies
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry. - : WILEY. - 0022-152X .- 1943-5193. ; 57:7, s. 2831-2843
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbonic anhydrase (CA II) inhibitors are very important therapeutic targets in drug design for treatment of neuropathic pain and in eradication of glaucoma, cancer, epilepsy, ulcer and obesity. In this study, some two2-substituted benzoxazoles (3a-j) were developed as a new family of carbonic anhydrase II inhibitors by employing acyl thiourea chemistry via a simple and expedient protocol and evaluated for CA II inhibitor activity and radical scavenging ability. Compounds 3f and 3j were found to be the most potent inhibitors, with IC50 values of 0.00564 and 0.00596 mu M, respectively which are several times better than that of the standard, acetazolamide (IC50 value 0.997 +/- 0.0586 mu M). Docking experiments were carried out against the carbonic anhydrase II crystal structure to better rationalize the inhibitory activities of these new structures. Moreover, the results of a DPPH radical scavenging assay showed that the antioxidant profile of compound 3i is superior to those of other derivatives. The results have revealed that derivatives 3f and 3j behave as CA-II inhibitors significantly better than standard and 3i has good anti-oxidation potential.
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| 17. |
- Shahzad, Danish, et al.
(författare)
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Novel C-2 Symmetric Molecules as -Glucosidase and -Amylase Inhibitors : Design, Synthesis, Kinetic Evaluation, Molecular Docking and Pharmacokinetics
- 2019
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Ingår i: Molecules. - : MDPI. - 1431-5157 .- 1420-3049. ; 24:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A series of symmetrical salicylaldehyde-bishydrazine azo molecules, 5a-5h, have been synthesized, characterized by H-1-NMR and C-13-NMR, and evaluated for their in vitro -glucosidase and -amylase inhibitory activities. All the synthesized compounds efficiently inhibited both enzymes. Compound 5g was the most potent derivative in the series, and powerfully inhibited both -glucosidase and -amylase. The IC50 of 5g against -glucosidase was 0.35917 +/- 0.0189 mu M (standard acarbose IC50 = 6.109 +/- 0.329 mu M), and the IC50 value of 5g against -amylase was 0.4379 +/- 0.0423 mu M (standard acarbose IC50 = 33.178 +/- 2.392 mu M). The Lineweaver-Burk plot indicated that compound 5g is a competitive inhibitor of -glucosidase. The binding interactions of the most active analogues were confirmed through molecular docking studies. Docking studies showed that 5g interacts with the residues Trp690, Asp548, Arg425, and Glu426, which form hydrogen bonds to 5g with distances of 2.05, 2.20, 2.10 and 2.18 angstrom, respectively. All compounds showed high mutagenic and tumorigenic behaviors, and only 5e showed irritant properties. In addition, all the derivatives showed good antioxidant activities. The pharmacokinetic evaluation also revealed promising results
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| 18. |
- Siddiqui, Amna, et al.
(författare)
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Carrier removal rates in 4H–SiC power diodes : A predictive analytical model
- 2023
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Ingår i: Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-8001 .- 1873-4081. ; 167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An analytical model for predicting the proton and neutron radiation-induced carrier removal in silicon carbide (4H–SiC) diodes, is developed. It is primarily aimed towards a fast calculation of the carrier removal rates (ηe) and critical fluence (above which the diode drift layer is fully compensated), for a wide range of particle energies and diode ratings. The model utilizes the NIEL (non-ionizing energy loss) concept along with the actual carrier removal rate values for SiC available in the literature. A comparison to Si power devices is also made. The results from the predictive model suggest that diodes with a lower voltage rating can sustain a higher particle fluence and displacement damage before their drift layers are fully compensated. This provides radiation hardening guidelines for 4H–SiC power diodes at a device engineering level, which can help improve the reliability of circuits in harsh environment applications, such as space. The model is validated through TCAD simulations incorporating the proton-induced defects, as well as experimentally by irradiating SiC diodes with 2 MeV protons. The extracted compensation levels are in good agreement with those predicted by the analytical model, validating its potential in predicting carrier removal rate of SiC diodes for radiation prone environments.
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| 19. |
- Tran, K. B., et al.
(författare)
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The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lancet. - 0140-6736. ; 400:10352, s. 563-591
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
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| 21. |
- Thomas, HS, et al.
(författare)
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- 2019
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swepub:Mat__t
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