| 1. |
- Abazajian, Kevork, et al.
(författare)
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CMB-S4 : Forecasting Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 926:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CMB-S4—the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment—is set to significantly advance the sensitivity of CMB measurements and enhance our understanding of the origin and evolution of the universe. Among the science cases pursued with CMB-S4, the quest for detecting primordial gravitational waves is a central driver of the experimental design. This work details the development of a forecasting framework that includes a power-spectrum-based semianalytic projection tool, targeted explicitly toward optimizing constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, in the presence of Galactic foregrounds and gravitational lensing of the CMB. This framework is unique in its direct use of information from the achieved performance of current Stage 2–3 CMB experiments to robustly forecast the science reach of upcoming CMB-polarization endeavors. The methodology allows for rapid iteration over experimental configurations and offers a flexible way to optimize the design of future experiments, given a desired scientific goal. To form a closed-loop process, we couple this semianalytic tool with map-based validation studies, which allow for the injection of additional complexity and verification of our forecasts with several independent analysis methods. We document multiple rounds of forecasts for CMB-S4 using this process and the resulting establishment of the current reference design of the primordial gravitational-wave component of the Stage-4 experiment, optimized to achieve our science goals of detecting primordial gravitational waves for r > 0.003 at greater than 5σ, or in the absence of a detection, of reaching an upper limit of r < 0.001 at 95% CL.
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| 2. |
- Ade, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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The Simons Observatory : science goals and forecasts
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1475-7516. ; :2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Simons Observatory (SO) is a new cosmic microwave background experiment being built on Cerro Toco in Chile, due to begin observations in the early 2020s. We describe the scientific goals of the experiment, motivate the design, and forecast its performance. SO will measure the temperature and polarization anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background in six frequency bands centered at: 27, 39, 93, 145, 225 and 280 GHz. The initial con figuration of SO will have three small-aperture 0.5-m telescopes and one large-aperture 6-m telescope, with a total of 60,000 cryogenic bolometers. Our key science goals are to characterize the primordial perturbations, measure the number of relativistic species and the mass of neutrinos, test for deviations from a cosmological constant, improve our understanding of galaxy evolution, and constrain the duration of reionization. The small aperture telescopes will target the largest angular scales observable from Chile, mapping approximate to 10% of the sky to a white noise level of 2 mu K-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, to measure the primordial tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, at a target level of sigma(r) = 0.003. The large aperture telescope will map approximate to 40% of the sky at arcminute angular resolution to an expected white noise level of 6 mu K-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, overlapping with the majority of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope sky region and partially with the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument. With up to an order of magnitude lower polarization noise than maps from the Planck satellite, the high-resolution sky maps will constrain cosmological parameters derived from the damping tail, gravitational lensing of the microwave background, the primordial bispectrum, and the thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects, and will aid in delensing the large-angle polarization signal to measure the tensor-to-scalar ratio. The survey will also provide a legacy catalog of 16,000 galaxy clusters and more than 20,000 extragalactic sources.
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| 3. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 4. |
- Andersen, Megan H., et al.
(författare)
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Medically assisted reproduction for people living with HIV in Europe : A cross-country exploratory policy comparison.
- 2022
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Ingår i: HIV Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1468-1293 .- 1464-2662. ; 23:8, s. 859-867
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To explore the availability and accessibility of medically assisted reproduction (MAR) for people living with HIV in Europe, including the feasibility of cross-border care. Methods: We used a polymorphous engagement approach, primarily based on digital and email-based interviews with representatives of national HIV organizations, clinical researchers (infectious disease and/or infertility specialists), European and national professional societies (fertility and/or infectious disease), national regulatory authorities and individual clinics in 14 countries in the WHO European region. The research design and results were also informed by two surveys and a review of the secondary literature, news articles and clinic websites. Results: Although MAR is possible for people living with HIV in 12 out of the 14 countries mapped, accessing services can be challenging for logistical or financial reasons. People living with HIV also face barriers to MAR independent of their HIV status, such as limitations on single women and same-sex couples accessing services. Cross-border care is available for most patients who are self-financing but is limited for publicly funded patients. Conclusions: Even when MAR is available to and accessible for people living with HIV, there may still be barriers to treatment. Further research on patient experiences is needed to understand these discrepancies between availability and accessibility on paper and in practice.
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| 8. |
- Brounéus, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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”Vi måste förbereda oss för att antibiotika slutar fungera”
- 2021
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - Stockholm : AB Dagens nyheter. - 1101-2447. ; :2021-02-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 11 forskare: En framtid utan verksam antibiotika är inte nödvändigtvis ett undergångsscenario eller en nattsvart dystopi. Men samhällets alla sektorer måste förbereda sig i god tid. Då kan detta postantibiotiska samhälle mycket väl utgöra en levbar framtid.
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| 9. |
- Faria, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Probing the nature of the G1 clump stellar overdensity in the outskirts of M31
- 2007
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Ingår i: The Astronomical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 1538-3881 .- 0004-6256. ; 133:4, s. 1275-1286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present deep Hubble Space Telescope ACS observations of the G1 clump, a distinct stellar overdensity lying at similar to 30 kpc along the southwestern major axis of M31, close to the G1 globular cluster ( from the work of Ferguson and coworkers). Our well-populated color-magnitude diagram reaches similar to 7 mag below the red giant branch tip with 90% completeness, and allows the detection of various morphological features that can be used to derive detailed constraints on the age and metallicity of the constituent stellar population. We find that the color-magnitude diagram is best described spread in metallicity is constrained to be P = 0.5 dex. The star formation rate in this region has declined over time, with the bulk of the stellar mass having formed > 6 Gyr ago. Nonetheless, a nonnegligible mass fraction (approximate to 10%) of the population has formed in the last 2 Gyr. We discuss the nature of the G1 clump in light of these new stellar population constraints and argue that the combination of stellar content and physical size make it unlikely that the structure is the remnant of an accreted dwarf galaxy. Instead, the strong similarity between the stellar content of the G1 clump and that of the M31 outer disk suggests that the substructure is a fragment of the outer disk, perhaps torn off from the main body during a past accretion/merger event; this interpretation is consistent with extant kinematical data. If this interpretation is correct, our analysis of the stellar content provides further evidence that the outskirts of large disk galaxies have been in place for a significant time.
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| 10. |
- Gigstad, Karli, et al.
(författare)
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HIV and access to fertility treatment in the European and Swedish contexts
- 2023
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Ingår i: Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-5756. ; 35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Across Europe many people living with HIV face discrimination in accessing fertility treatment. This short communication presents an updated mapping of regulations across Europe, along with a consideration of the Swedish context. Overall, the accessibility and availability of MAR for people living with HIV in Europe is complicated and, in some countries, inconsistent. We encourage sharing best practice from countries with less restricted access. We also call for an end to discrimination based on outdated medical knowledge, and for more clearly defined and readily available guidelines surrounding fertility treatment entitlements for people living with HIV.
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| 11. |
- Hansson, Kristofer, et al.
(författare)
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Controlling Bacteria in a Post-antibiotic Era : Popular Ideas about Bacteria, Antibiotics, and the Immune System
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ethnologia Europaea. - : Open Library of Humanities. - 0425-4597 .- 1604-3030. ; 52:2, s. 1-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article addresses people’s experiences with bacteria and the human body and examines the cultural meanings regarding concerns that society likely is running out of effective antibiotics. The empirical material comes from Sweden, and our analysis is framed through perspectives from the medical humanities. The interdisciplinary goal is to better understand the societal challenges of antibiotic resistance in the advent of a so-called post-antibiotic era. The study presents results from the “If antibiotics stop working” questionnaire which was distributed with the help of The Folklife Archives with the Scania Music Collections at Lund University. We argue that the concept of a post-antibiotic era can open a more imaginary way of thinking about what future relationships are possible if antibiotics were to lose their curative power.
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| 12. |
- Hansson, Kristofer, et al.
(författare)
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Movement of knowledge : Introducing medical humanities perspectives on medicine, science, and experience
- 2020
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Ingår i: Movement of knowledge. - Lund : Nordic Academic Press. - 9789188909343 - 9789188909367 ; , s. 9-26
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this introductory chapter, we look at how medical knowledge can be addressed in the medical humanities and argue for an interdisciplinary approach in studying the movement of knowledge. We set out the main themes of the book, looking at how knowledge is conceptualised in different settings, the use of evidence-based medicine and the ways in which knowledge is produced and consumed in everyday experiences.
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| 13. |
- Hansson, Kristofer, et al.
(författare)
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Special Issue: Intersections and Transformations in Medical Humanities : Defining and Conceptualising New Paths
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ethnologia Europaea. - : Open Library of Humanities. - 0425-4597 .- 1604-3030. ; 52:2, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This special issue of Ethnologia Europaea explores new paths for our scientific disciplines within the expanding field of medical humanities. Medical humanities have seen a significant expansion in recent years, creating new research foci and leading to collaborations both within and outside of the humanities. As it is a growing academic field, we argue that it is necessary to be part of the medical humanities in defining and conceptualising new paths. The contributions to this special issue demonstrate the ways in which disciplines like European ethnology, folklore studies, social and cultural anthropology can contribute to the expansion, drawing upon ethnographic fieldwork from Croatia, Estonia, Slovenia and Sweden. This special issue opens a space for more collaboration within our fields, as well as with medicine.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Herzig Van Wees, Sibylle L., et al.
(författare)
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Achieving the SDGs through interdisciplinary research in global health
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 47:8, s. 793-795
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish Global Health Research Conference held in Stockholm, 18-19 April 2018, convened researchers from across Sweden's universities to foster collaboration and new research. In response to the theme of the conference, How can Sweden contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals? From research to action, many of the plenary and keynote speakers highlighted the importance of interdisciplinary research and teaching. This commentary draws upon a workshop discussing interdisciplinarity, which took place at the conference. Participants included senior professors, lecturers, students and collaborators from the private sector and civil society and we discussed the conceptual and structural challenges that prevent engagement in interdisciplinary research. Although the workshop focused on the Swedish context, issues will be familiar to researchers working outside of Sweden. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals highlight the grand challenges for global society and are intertwined, with progress in one affecting progress in all others. With this starting point, we argue that interdisciplinary research is the way to achieve them. Accordingly, we need to overcome the conceptual and structural challenges that can hinder it. We therefore argue for a paradigm shift of how we value knowledge. We also call for fundamental changes in external and internal (university-level) funding structures, and for the strengthening of interdisciplinary global health teaching.
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| 21. |
- Irwin, Rachel
(författare)
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Deviant Swedes in the global Covid-19 media environment
- 2021
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Ingår i: Medical Anthropology. Cross-Cultural Studies in Health and Illness. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0145-9740. ; 40:8, s. 815-829
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the early COVID-19 pandemic, many countries took compulsory measures to combating the virus’s spread, while Sweden took a more voluntary approach. This led to polarized reactions in the international media, with some praising it and others proclaiming it disastrous. Using the concept of “moral panic” I examine how actors within the global media environment portrayed Swedes as a deviant population, using persuasive language, exaggeration, and selective reporting, and how an amplification of media attention served to solidify the deviant label. I also argue that Sweden was made deviant partly to justify restrictive measures in other countries.
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| 22. |
- Irwin, Rachel
(författare)
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Economic thinking in global health : a historical overview
- 2021
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Ingår i: Socialmedicinsk tidskrift. - 0037-833X. ; 98:2, s. 222-234
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Economic thinking in global health refers to how framings, metaphors and concepts from economics are used in describing the health of a population and in designing interventions. In this article, I briefly examine the history of economic thinking in global health. I then review discussions over the economic aspects of health at the 5th World Health Assembly in 1952, based in part on an exchange between Charles-Edward Amory Winslow and Gunnar Myrdal. These discussions offer an insight into economic thinking at a time of transformation in international health, reflecting contemporary debates in the emergence of national health systems, welfare states and development aid. The discussions also anticipated later developments in global health, including the creation of metrics such as the disability-adjusted life year (DALY).
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Irwin, Rachel, et al.
(författare)
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En missvisande metafor
- 2021
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Ingår i: Efter antibiotika : Om smitta i en ny tid - Om smitta i en ny tid. - 9789189139954 ; , s. 31-35
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 25. |
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