| 1. |
- Satizabal, Claudia L., et al.
(författare)
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Genetic architecture of subcortical brain structures in 38,851 individuals
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 51:11, s. 1624-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Subcortical brain structures are integral to motion, consciousness, emotions and learning. We identified common genetic variation related to the volumes of the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, brainstem, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen and thalamus, using genome-wide association analyses in almost 40,000 individuals from CHARGE, ENIGMA and UK Biobank. We show that variability in subcortical volumes is heritable, and identify 48 significantly associated loci (40 novel at the time of analysis). Annotation of these loci by utilizing gene expression, methylation and neuropathological data identified 199 genes putatively implicated in neurodevelopment, synaptic signaling, axonal transport, apoptosis, inflammation/infection and susceptibility to neurological disorders. This set of genes is significantly enriched for Drosophila orthologs associated with neurodevelopmental phenotypes, suggesting evolutionarily conserved mechanisms. Our findings uncover novel biology and potential drug targets underlying brain development and disease.
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| 2. |
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The Seventeenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys : Complete Release of MaNGA, MaStar, and APOGEE-2 Data
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 259:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper documents the seventeenth data release (DR17) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys; the fifth and final release from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). DR17 contains the complete release of the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey, which reached its goal of surveying over 10,000 nearby galaxies. The complete release of the MaNGA Stellar Library accompanies this data, providing observations of almost 30,000 stars through the MaNGA instrument during bright time. DR17 also contains the complete release of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 survey that publicly releases infrared spectra of over 650,000 stars. The main sample from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), as well as the subsurvey Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey data were fully released in DR16. New single-fiber optical spectroscopy released in DR17 is from the SPectroscipic IDentification of ERosita Survey subsurvey and the eBOSS-RM program. Along with the primary data sets, DR17 includes 25 new or updated value-added catalogs. This paper concludes the release of SDSS-IV survey data. SDSS continues into its fifth phase with observations already underway for the Milky Way Mapper, Local Volume Mapper, and Black Hole Mapper surveys.
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| 3. |
- Dima, Danai, et al.
(författare)
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Subcortical volumes across the lifespan : Data from 18,605 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Human Brain Mapping. - : Wiley. - 1065-9471 .- 1097-0193. ; 43:1, s. 452-469
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Age has a major effect on brain volume. However, the normative studies available are constrained by small sample sizes, restricted age coverage and significant methodological variability. These limitations introduce inconsistencies and may obscure or distort the lifespan trajectories of brain morphometry. In response, we capitalized on the resources of the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to examine age-related trajectories inferred from cross-sectional measures of the ventricles, the basal ganglia (caudate, putamen, pallidum, and nucleus accumbens), the thalamus, hippocampus and amygdala using magnetic resonance imaging data obtained from 18,605 individuals aged 3-90 years. All subcortical structure volumes were at their maximum value early in life. The volume of the basal ganglia showed a monotonic negative association with age thereafter; there was no significant association between age and the volumes of the thalamus, amygdala and the hippocampus (with some degree of decline in thalamus) until the sixth decade of life after which they also showed a steep negative association with age. The lateral ventricles showed continuous enlargement throughout the lifespan. Age was positively associated with inter-individual variability in the hippocampus and amygdala and the lateral ventricles. These results were robust to potential confounders and could be used to examine the functional significance of deviations from typical age-related morphometric patterns.
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| 4. |
- Bennich, Maria, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Förändrade förutsättningar för människobehandlande arbete inom socialtjänsten under covidpandemin
- 2023
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Ingår i: Tidsskrift for Arbejdsliv. - : Syddansk Universitetsforlag. - 1399-1442. ; 25:4, s. 28-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Covid-19 pandemin förändrade förutsättningarna för människobehandlande organisationer och även för att bedriva socialt arbete inom socialtjänsten. Villkoren och förutsättningarna för interaktion och relationsarbetet såväl med medarbetare som med sårbara människor i behov av hjälp och stöd av socialtjänsten är i fokus för denna studie, som bygger på intervjuer med nio socialarbetare. Intervjuresultatet och analysen pekar på att den snabba omställningen till att arbeta på fysisk distans via tekniska lösningar bidrog till att arbetet kunde genomföras men att interaktionsritualer förändrades på ett sätt som i många fall påverkade socialarbetarna i negativ riktning – det gällde såväl interaktionen medarbetare emellan såväl som arbetet med klienter och brukare. Dessutom pekar resultatet på att det sociala arbetet med socialt utsatta människor i vissa situationer inte är möjligt eller lämpligt att genomföra genom fysisk distans eller genom tekniska lösningar, utan behöver ske i direkt interaktion mellan socialarbetare och klienter.
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| 5. |
- de Zwarte, Sonja M. C., et al.
(författare)
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The association between familial risk and brain abnormalities is disease specific : an ENIGMA-relatives study of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
- 2019
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Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402. ; 86:7, s. 545-556
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder share genetic liability, and some structural brain abnormalities are common to both conditions. First-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia (FDRs-SZ) show similar brain abnormalities to patients, albeit with smaller effect sizes. Imaging findings in first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder (FDRs-BD) have been inconsistent in the past, but recent studies report regionally greater volumes compared with control subjects.METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis of global and subcortical brain measures of 6008 individuals (1228 FDRs-SZ, 852 FDRs-BD, 2246 control subjects, 1016 patients with schizophrenia, 666 patients with bipolar disorder) from 34 schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorder family cohorts with standardized methods. Analyses were repeated with a correction for intracranial volume (ICV) and for the presence of any psychopathology in the relatives and control subjects.RESULTS: FDRs-BD had significantly larger ICV (d = +0.16, q < .05 corrected), whereas FDRs-SZ showed smaller thalamic volumes than control subjects (d = -0.12, q < .05 corrected). ICV explained the enlargements in the brain measures in FDRs-BD. In FDRs-SZ, after correction for ICV, total brain, cortical gray matter, cerebral white matter, cerebellar gray and white matter, and thalamus volumes were significantly smaller; the cortex was thinner (d < -0.09, q < .05 corrected); and third ventricle was larger (d = +0.15, q < .05 corrected). The findings were not explained by psychopathology in the relatives or control subjects.CONCLUSIONS: Despite shared genetic liability, FDRs-SZ and FDRs-BD show a differential pattern of structural brain abnormalities, specifically a divergent effect in ICV. This may imply that the neurodevelopmental trajectories leading to brain anomalies in schizophrenia or bipolar disorder are distinct.
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| 6. |
- Dimenäs, Sandra L., 1989, et al.
(författare)
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A person-centred, theory-based, behavioural intervention programme for improved oral hygiene in adolescents: A randomized clinical field study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : Wiley. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 49:4, s. 237-387
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To test the effectiveness of a person-centred and theory-based educational intervention to increase adolescents′ adherence to adequate oral hygiene behaviour, that is, self-performed periodontal infection control. Materials and Methods: Data were derived from a prospective, multi-centred, two-arm, quasi-randomized field study in which treatment was performed by dental hygienists (DHs) within the Public Dental Service, Västra Götaland, Sweden. Adolescents with poor oral hygiene conditions were invited to participate. The test intervention was based on cognitive behavioural theory and principles, and the DHs used a collaborative communicative approach, inspired by motivational interviewing. The control intervention consisted of conventional information/instruction. Clinical assessments and oral hygiene behaviours were evaluated at 6months. Results: Three-hundred and twelve adolescents were enrolled, of whom 274 followed the treatment to 6-month follow-up. There were significant improvements in gingival bleeding and plaque scores for both treatment groups at 6months, with significantly greater improvements in the test group. Adolescents in the test group brushed their teeth and used interdental cleaning aids more frequently compared to participants in the control group at 6months. Conclusion: A person-centred and theory-based oral health education programme ismore effective than conventional oral health education in improving adolescents' oral hygiene behaviour and periodontal infection control. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02906098). © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Clinical Periodontology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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| 7. |
- Dimenäs, Sandra L., 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescents' self-reported experiences following a person-centred, theory-based educational intervention versus conventional education for improved oral hygiene: Analysis of secondary outcomes of a randomized field study
- 2023
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY. - 0303-6979. ; 51:1, s. 63-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To analyse adolescents' self-reported experiences and behavioural outcomes of a person-centred, theory-based intervention in comparison with conventional information/instruction for improved oral hygiene.Materials and Methods: Data were derived from a prospective, multi-centred, two-arm, quasi-randomized field study focusing on the effectiveness of educational interventions for improved oral hygiene. Dental hygienists working within the Public Dental Service, Vastra Gotaland, Sweden, provided treatments, and adolescents with poor oral hygiene conditions were eligible for participation. The person-centred test intervention was based on social cognitive constructs, and motivational interviewing was used as an approach in communication. The control intervention included conventional information/instructions. Clinical examinations were performed, and questionnaires were distributed at baseline and at 6 months. Three-hundred and twelve patients were enrolled, and data from 276 patients, following treatment per protocol, were analysed.Results: The test group was more satisfied with the education about gingivitis (very good: 61% vs. 37%) and communication during therapy (very good: 69% vs. 50%) and reported to a larger extent that they were much more careful regarding their oral hygiene after the treatment (30% vs. 15%) and had higher confidence about keeping up healthy gingival conditions, in comparison with the control group (all p < .01).Conclusions: The person-centred, theory-based intervention was superior in terms of adolescents' experiences of education and communication during therapy and self-reported oral hygiene behavioural outcomes at 6 months, in comparison with conventional information/instruction.
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| 8. |
- Ericsson, Jessica S, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Periodontal health status in Swedish adolescents: an epidemiological, cross-sectional study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - 0347-9994. ; 33:(3), s. 131-139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this epidemiological survey was to analyze the periodontal conditions of 19-year old individuals in two rural county areas, i.e. Fyrbodal and Skaraborg, Västra Götaland, Sweden, with special reference to gender and socioeconomic grouping. A randomized sample of 506 individuals (Fyrbodal 250 and Skaraborg 256 individuals, respectively) was clinically examined with regard to oral hygiene, gingivitis, periodontal pockets and gingival recession. Bitewing radiographs were used for assessment of alveolar bone level (ABL) and dental calculus. A questionnaire-based interview regarding oral hygiene habits was included. A majority of the subjects (76%) claimed to brush their teeth at least twice a day, while interdental hygiene means were used daily by 4%. The subjects showed a mean plaque score of 47% and a gingivitis score of 56%. Forty-six % of the adolescents had a plaque score of > or = 50%, whereas the corresponding figure for gingivitis was 62%. The subjects had on average 5.5 teeth with facial gingival recession. The mean prevalence of sites with probing depth (PPD) of > or = 4 mm was 8, out of which 99% were located at proximal sites. A radiographic bone level of > 2 mm was observed at on average 0.4 teeth per subject. Logistic regression analyses revealed that gender (males) and county area (Fyrbodal) were significant factors for a high plaque and gingivitis score. There was no significant difference in periodontal conditions in relation to socio-economic grouping. In conclusion, the survey revealed higher prevalence of plaque and gingivitis among male than female adolescents, but no differences between socioeconomic groups.
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| 9. |
- Finch, Jo, et al.
(författare)
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Social work and countering violent extremism in Sweden and the UK
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Social Work. - : Routledge. - 1369-1457 .- 1468-2664. ; 25:1, s. 119-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social Work in Europe, is now being tasked with managing the 'problems' of terrorism, i.e supporting those affected by terrorist attacks, managing returnees affiliated with Terrorist groups in the Middle East, or, as will be discussed here, identifying those at risk from radicalisation and extremism. Both Britain and Sweden have Counter-Terrorism policies, but recent developments in both countries have made it a statutory requirement for social workers to work within such policies. This paper seeks to explore the policies in both countries, utilising a comparative approach to consider the similarities in not only policy and practice but also in the ethical consequences such policies pose for social workers across Europe. The exploration considers; the extent to which anti-radicalisation policies influence social work practices in Sweden and the UK and how they might undermine social work as a human rights profession. The results indicate that anti-radicalisation policies run the risk of reducing social work to become a 'policing profession' practising social control. This has substantial consequences for social work and its global ethics, which should be considered and struggled against by social workers committed to principles of social justice and human rights.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Flem, Aina Lian, et al.
(författare)
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Revitalizing social work education through global and critical awareness : Examples from three Scandinavian schools of social work
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Social Work. - : Routledge. - 1369-1457 .- 1468-2664. ; 20:1, s. 76-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing globalisation, reorganisation of the Scandinavian welfare regimes and the awareness of increasing global roots of local social problems necessitated change in the curriculum of social work in three Scandinavian schools of social work in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Recent global transformations, increasing global inequalities, increasing forced migration and the emergence of glocal social problems make the traditional education and methods of social work ineffective and in some cases harmful for people in need of social work intervention. This article examines the need to provide critical, global and multilevel perspectives in social work education in order to prepare social work students for the increasing social problems with global roots. The article, which is based on cross-national collaborations in social work education between three Scandinavian countries, addresses global and critical components in theoretical courses, professional training and field practice in the social work education of the countries in question. It is argued that social work education should move beyond the old division of classical and international/intercultural toward including global and critical perspectives in an integrative manner in all programs.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Ghazanfareeon Karlsson, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Forced migration, older people and displacement
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article describes the field of literature concerning globally displaced older refugees and outlines the implications for social work as a human rights profession. The study is based on a review of the social work literature and current examples of globally displaced older refugees; the Rohingya older people at the Bangladesh-Myanmar border and older Palestinians at the Israel-Gaza border and in Lebanon.The authors suggest that social workers as ‘front-line human rights workers’ are uniquely placed to identify needs, take actionable steps to protect, and advocate for the human rights of displaced older refugees. Global social work ethics and principles of human dignity and human rights need to underpin social work practices that engages people and structures to address life challenges and enhance wellbeing among displaced older refugees at war zones, at the borders and in refugee camps. Future research and welfare projects that aim at analysing the political context, which form the living conditions of forcibly displaced older refugees, whilst enhancing the importance of social workers in interprofessional collaborations and social protection in these areas, are discussed.
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| 15. |
- Ghazanfareeon Karlsson, Sofie, phd, senior lecturer, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Forced migration, older refugees and displacement : Implications for social work as a human rights profession
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Human Rights and Social Work. - : Springer. - 2365-1792. ; 5:3, s. 212-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores the conditions of globally displaced older refugees and outlines the implications for social work as a human rights profession. The study is based on a literature review and two current case examples of globally displaced older refugees facing long-term structural discrimination and human rights violation: older Rohingyas at the Bangladesh-Myanmar border and older Palestinians at the Israel-Gaza and Lebanon borders. The authors suggest that social workers as 'front-line human rights workers' are uniquely placed to identify needs, and take actionable steps to support and advocate for the human rights of older displaced refugees. It is argued that global social work ethics and principles of social justice and human rights should underpin social work practices that engage people and structures in order to address life challenges and enhance the well-being of displaced older refugees in war zones, at borders and in refugee camps. Future research and welfare projects that aim to analyse the political context that forms the living conditions of forcibly displaced older refugees, whilst enhancing the importance of social workers in interprofessional collaborations in these areas, are discussed.
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| 16. |
- Heggem Kojan, Bente, et al.
(författare)
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The refugee ‘crisis’, welfare nationalism and social justice : Critical perspectives in Social Work Education
- 2017
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Ingår i: Social work education in Europe: challenging boundaries promoting a sustainable future. - 9782956049203 ; , s. 35-35
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing refugee immigration to Europe has influenced almost all European countries including Sweden and Norway. Although the countries have relatively strong welfare states, the neoliberal reorganisation and increasing immigration during 2015-2016 has challenged the welfare states. This presentation critically examines the sociopolitical responses of Sweden and Norway to the increasing immigration and refugees and how it might have influenced social work education and practice. Based on a review of governmental responses to the increasing immigration, we present how the right-based welfare states of Sweden and Norway were tackling the recent refugee ‘crisis’ and if the new situation has influenced social work education and practice aimed at promoting social justice and social integration. Increasing global social problems with local consequences require new perspectives and competencies of practice, which urge educational institutions to adapt themselves to new the conditions.
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| 17. |
- Herz, Marcus, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Mot ett kritiskt socialt arbete
- 2022. - 2
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Ingår i: Kritiskt socialt arbete. - Malmö : Liber. - 9789147144235 ; , s. 214-228
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Jönsson, Jessica H., 1981-
(författare)
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A Social Work Education Without Borders
- 2015
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Ingår i: Social Dialogue. - : The International Association of Schools of Social Work (IASSW). - 2221-352X. ; :11, s. 4-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 21. |
- Jönsson, Jessica H., 1981-
(författare)
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A weakening welfare state and the changing professional identities of social workers in Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: 8th European Conference for Social Work Research. - Edinburgh : The University of Edinburgh. - 9781999920579 ; , s. 170-170
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social workers have historically been an integral part of a well-developed welfare state in Sweden. However, the traditional ‘solidary role’ of social workers has rapidly altered due to the neoliberal changes, which has weakened the social support system. This has created ‘identity crisis’ for many social workers who still perceive themselves as promoters of ‘welfare of the people’. This study explores the neoliberal transformations and the changing professional identity of municipal social workers and their experiences of, and responses to, the neoliberal reorganisation of public social work in Sweden. The following questions have guided the study: How has the recent political, social and organisational transformations influenced the daily work of social workers? How such changes have influenced the relationship and trust between social workers and service users? How such neoliberal transformations have influenced social workers professional identity? How do social workers respond to neoliberal changes in and limitations to their professional activities? The contribution is based on interviews with 15 social workers working in different municipalities in Sweden, during 2016-17. The interviewed social workers were engaged in different areas of public municipal social work, such as in the areas of child and family welfare, homelessness, mental health problems and substance abuse and social work with asylum-seekers. The results have been analysed in the frame of critical social theory. The study shows that meanwhile some social workers are resisting the neoliberal managerialism, which influence their sense of pride in their professional identities by finding new creative and progressive ways of working with people in need, others are uncritically adjusting themselves to evolving forms of neoliberal managerialism. It is concluded that the new neoliberal political and organisational landscape of professional social work in Sweden and the retreat of the welfare state from its traditional duties and, thereby, the reduction of social workers possibilities to work directly with service users, make the struggle for revitalisation of rights-based welfare state and solidary social work more urgent than ever.
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| 22. |
- Jönsson, Jessica H., 1981-
(författare)
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Beyond empowerment : Changing local communities
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Social Work. - : Sage Publications. - 0020-8728 .- 1461-7234. ; 53:3, s. 393-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article critically analyses empowerment projects in a local community in southern India and explores the shortcomings of development projects aimed at changing living conditions of marginalized people. It is argued that international social work should move beyond established empowerment theories and practices and include combating structural barriers in an emancipatory manner.
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