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- van der Voort, L. H. M. Rouppe, et al.
(författare)
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High-resolution observations of the solar photosphere, chromosphere, and transition region : A database of coordinated IRIS and SST observations
- 2020
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 641
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- NASA’s Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) provides high-resolution observations of the solar atmosphere through ultraviolet spectroscopy and imaging. Since the launch of IRIS in June 2013, we have conducted systematic observation campaigns in coordination with the Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope (SST) on La Palma. The SST provides complementary high-resolution observations of the photosphere and chromosphere. The SST observations include spectropolarimetric imaging in photospheric Fe I lines and spectrally resolved imaging in the chromospheric Ca II 8542 Å, Hα, and Ca II K lines. We present a database of co-aligned IRIS and SST datasets that is open for analysis to the scientific community. The database covers a variety of targets including active regions, sunspots, plages, the quiet Sun, and coronal holes.
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- Fawole, H. O., et al.
(författare)
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Is the association between physical activity and fatigue mediated by physical function or depressive symptoms in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis? The Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0300-9742 .- 1502-7732. ; 50:5, s. 372-380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To examine whether physical activity (PA) was associated with fatigue, and quantify the extent of potential mediation through depressive symptoms or physical function (PF) on the relationship between PA and fatigue in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Method: This longitudinal study used data from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (n = 484), comprising subjects aged ≥ 50 years. Baseline PA was quantified via an ankle-worn accelerometer. The outcome was fatigue, measured using a 0–10 rating scale at 2 year follow-up. Mediators included gait speed as a measure of PF and depressive symptoms at 2 year follow-up. Mediation analysis was carried out after adjustment for baseline confounders. Stratified analysis by baseline fatigue status [no/low (< 4) and high (≥ 4) fatigue] was performed. Results: A significant direct association was found between PA and fatigue at 2 years [unstandardized coefficient (B) = −0.054; 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.107, −0.002, p = 0.041]. The PA–fatigue relationship was not mediated by gait speed (B = −0.006; 95% CI −0.018, 0.001) or depressive symptoms (B = 0.009; 95% CI 0.009, 0.028). In the subgroup with high baseline fatigue, direct associations were found between PA and fatigue (gait speed model:, B = −0.107; 95% CI −0.212, −0.002, p = 0.046; depressive symptoms model: B = −0.110; 95% CI −0.120, −0.020, p = 0.017); but in the no/low baseline fatigue group, no significant association was found between PA and fatigue. Conclusion: In the symptomatic KOA population, higher baseline PA was directly associated with reduced fatigue 2 years later, especially in those with high baseline fatigue. However, this relationship was not mediated by depressive symptoms or PF.
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- Jafarzadeh, A., et al.
(författare)
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Medicine storage, wastage, and associated determinants among urban households : a systematic review and meta-analysis of household surveys
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 21:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Irrational household storage of medicines is a world-wide problem, which triggers medicine wastage as well as its associated harms. This study aimed to include all available evidences from literature to perform a focused examination of the prevalence and factors associated with medicine storage and wastage among urban households. This systematic review and meta-analysis mapped the existing literature on the burden, outcomes, and affective socio-economic factors of medicine storage among urban households. In addition, this study estimated pooled effect sizes for storage and wastage rates. Methods: Household surveys evaluating modality, size, costs, and affective factors of medicines storage at home were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, OVID, SCOPUS, ProQuest, and Google scholar databases in 2019. Random effect meta-analysis and subgroup analysis were used to pool effect sizes for medicine storage and wastage prevalence among different geographical regions. Results: From the 2604 initial records, 20 studies were selected for systematic review and 16 articles were selected for meta-analysis. An overall pooled-prevalence of medicine storage and real wastage rate was 77 and 15%, respectively. In this regard, some significant differences were observed between geographical regions. Southwest Asia region had the highest storage and wastage rates. The most common classes of medicines found in households belonged to the Infective agents for systemic (17.4%) and the Nervous system (16.4%). Moreover, income, education, age, the presence of chronic illness, female gender, and insurance coverage were found to be associated with higher home storage. The most commonly used method of disposal was throwing them in the garbage. Conclusions: Factors beyond medical needs were also found to be associated with medicine storage, which urges effective strategies in the supply and demand side of the medicine consumption chain. The first necessary step to mitigate home storage is establishing an adequate legislation and strict enforcement of regulations on dispensing, prescription, and marketing of medicines. Patient’s pressure on excessive prescription, irrational storage, and use of medicines deserve efficient community-centered programs, in order to increase awareness on these issues. So, hazardous consequences of inappropriate disposal should be mitigated by different take back programs, particularly in low and middle income countries.
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- Rabiee, Navid, et al.
(författare)
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Green Biomaterials : fundamental principles
- 2023
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Ingår i: Green Biomaterials. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2993-4168. ; 1:1, s. 1-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Jafarzadeh, Ata, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Scattering of elastic SH waves by transversely isotropic sphere
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Structural Dynamic , EURODYN. - Athens : EASD. - 2311-9020. ; 2, s. 2782-2797
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The scattering by a transversely isotropic sphere in a three-dimensional, homoge-neous, isotropic and infinite elastic medium is considered. The problem is a scalar one andis phrased as a scattering problem for an incident SH elastic waves propagating in the direc-tion parallel to the axis of material symmetry. The elastodynamic equations inside the sphereare transformed to spherical coordinates and the displacement field is expanded in associatedLegendre functions in the polar coordinate and powers in the radial coordinate. This leadsto recursion relations for the expansion coefficients inside the sphere. Using the boundaryconditions on the surface of the sphere results in a system of equations for all the expansioncoefficients for the fields outside and inside the sphere. As a result, the transition (T) matrixelements are calculated and given explicitly for low frequencies.
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- Jafarzadeh, Ata, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Scattering of elastic waves by a sphere with cubic anisotropy
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Scattering of elastic waves in materials with inhomogeneities is a classical problem in physics and geophysics, and have applications in non-destructive testing, material characterization, medical ultrasound, etc. The classical analytical solution of the scattering by a single isotropic spherical obstacle provides a good approximation and a basis for more complicated problems and gives a deep understanding of the scattering phenomenon [1]. However, plenty of natural and synthetic materials, specifically the grains in a metal, are known to be anisotropic. Recently, the scattering of elastic waves by a circle with cubic anisotropy is studied in 2D by Bostrom [2, 3], and Jafarzadeh et al. [4] use the same method to study the 3D scattering problem for a transversely isotropic sphere. The present work is a continuation of these studies and investigates the 3D scattering by a sphere with cubic anisotropy. Consider the scattering of a single spherical obstacle with cubic anisotropy contained in a three-dimensional, homogeneous, isotropic and infinite elastic medium. In the isotropic surrounding the classical approach is used with the displacement field constructed as a superposition of incident and scattered waves, which are expanded in spherical vector wave functions. Inside the sphere the stress-strain relations are given in Cartesian coordinates for the cubic material and these are first transformed to spherical coordinates. These relations then become inhomogeneous in that they contain factors with trigonometric functions in both angular coordinates and the same becomes true also for the equations of motion. To proceed it is useful to expand the displacement into a series of vector spherical harmonics where each coefficient in turn is expanded into a power series in the radial coordinate. It follows from the equation of motion that the coefficients in the power series obey certain recursion relations, thus reducing the number of unknowns inside the sphere. Expressing also the stresses as a series in the vector spherical harmonics, the rest of the unknowns are determined by the continuity of the displacement and traction on the sphere boundary. As a result, the transition (T) matrix elements, relating the expansion coefficients of the scattered wave to those of the incident wave, are calculated. It is, in particular, possible to obtain explicit expressions for the leading order T matrix elements for low frequencies. References [1] V. Varadan, A. Lakhtakia, and V. Varadan, Field representations and introduction to scattering. North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1991. [2] A. Bostrom, "Scattering by an anisotropic circle," Wave Motion, vol. 57, pp. 239-244, 2015. [3] A. Bostrom, "Scattering of in-plane elastic waves by an anisotropic circle," The Quarterly Journal of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics, vol. 71, pp. 139-155, 2018. [4] A. Jafarzadeh, P. D. Folkow, and A. Bostrom, "Scattering of elastic sh waves by transversely isotropic sphere," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Structural Dynamic, EURODYN, vol. 2, pp. 2782-2797, 2020.
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