| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 3. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Dang, Wen-Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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Therapeutic effects of artesunate on lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice are dependent on T follicular helper cell differentiation and activation of JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway
- 2019
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Ingår i: Phytomedicine. - München : Elsevier. - 0944-7113 .- 1618-095X. ; 62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Anti-malarial drug artesunate (ART), a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisnin, has immunosuppressive effects on several autoimmune diseases, including Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and Colitis. However, molecular mechanisms of ART, especially on follicular helper T cells (Tfh), central players in SLE pathology, are far from clear.PURPOSE: The object for this work is to investigate the therapeutic effect of ART on lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice and its regulatory function on Tfh cells.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: MRL/lpr mice were used to explore therapeutic effects of ART on lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice and its regulatory functions on Tfh cells. Then, experiments of renal function were accomplished using the biochemical kits. Effects of ART on histopathology of kidneys, inflammatory factors and autoantibodies were examined using H&E staining, ELISA and real-time PCR. Flow cytometry and western blot analysis were used to examine effects of ART on Tfh differentiation and Jak2-Stat3 signaling pathway.RESULTS: Upon oral administration, ART significantly prolonged the survival of MRL/lpr mice, ameliorated the lupus nephritis symptoms, decreased the levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies deposited in the kidney, and the levels of pathogenic cytokines (IL-6, IFN-γ and IL-21). After ART treatment, T-cell compartment in the spleen of MRL/lpr mice was restored in terms of reduction in the number of Tfh cells and in the maintenance of the ratio of Tfr to follicular regulatory T cells (Tfh). In addition, ART has significantly inhibited the phosphorylation levels of Jak2 and Stat3 in the MRL/lpr mice.CONCLUSION: ART showed therapeutic effects on lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice by inhibiting the differentiation of Tfh cells as well as altering the activation status of Jak2-Stat3 signaling cascade. Copyright © 2019 Elsevier GmbH
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| 5. |
- Deng, Min, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association analyses in Han Chinese identify two new susceptibility loci for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:6, s. 697-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify susceptibility genes for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 506 individuals with sporadic ALS and 1,859 controls of Han Chinese ancestry. Ninety top SNPs suggested by the current GWAS and 6 SNPs identified by previous GWAS were analyzed in an independent cohort of 706 individuals with ALS and 1,777 controls of Han Chinese ancestry. We discovered two new susceptibility loci for ALS at 1q32 (CAMK1G, rs6703183, P-combined = 2.92 x 10(-8), odds ratio (OR) = 1.31) and 22p11 (CABIN1 and SUSD2, rs8141797, P-combined = 2.35 x 10(-9), OR = 1.52). These two loci explain 12.48% of the overall variance in disease risk in the Han Chinese population. We found no association evidence for the previously reported loci in the Han Chinese population, suggesting genetic heterogeneity of disease susceptibility for ALS between ancestry groups. Our study identifies two new susceptibility loci and suggests new pathogenic mechanisms of ALS.
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| 6. |
- Guo, Hui-Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Alleviation of allergic asthma by rosmarinic acid via gut-lung axis
- 2024
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Ingår i: Phytomedicine. - : Elsevier. - 0944-7113 .- 1618-095X. ; 126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Asthma affects 3% of the global population, leading to over 0.25 million deaths. Due to its complexity, asthma is difficult to cure or prevent, and current therapies have limitations. This has led to a growing demand for alternative asthma treatments. We found rosmarinic acid (RosA) as a potential new drug candidate from natural medicine. However, RosA has poor bioavailability and remains mainly in the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration, suggesting the involvement of gut microbiota in its bioactivity. Purpose: To investigate the mechanism of RosA in alleviating allergic asthma by gut-lung axis. Methods: We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolites analysis to investigate RosA's modulation of gut microbiota. Techniques of molecular biology and metabolomics were employed to study the pharmacological mechanism of RosA. Cohousing was used to confirm the involvement of gut microbiota in RosA-induced improvement of allergic asthma. Results: RosA decreased cholate levels from spore-forming bacteria, leading to reduced 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) synthesis, bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, and inflammatory cell infiltration. It also increased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels, facilitating the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins to promote intestinal integrity. SCFAs upregulated intestinal monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), thereby improving their systemic delivery to reduce Th2/ILC2 mediated inflammatory response and suppress eosinophil influx and mucus production in lung. Additionally, RosA inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS) production and translocation, leading to reduced TLR4-NF kappa B mediated pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress. Conclusions: The anti-asthmatic mechanism of oral RosA is primarily driven by modulation of gut microbiotaderived 5-HT, SCFAs, and LPS, achieving a combined synergistic effect. RosA is a safe, effective, and reliable drug candidate that could potentially replace glucocorticoids for asthma treatment.
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| 7. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Ninth Visual Object Tracking VOT2021 Challenge Results
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW 2021). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781665401913 ; , s. 2711-2738
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2021 is the ninth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 71 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in recent years. The VOT2021 challenge was composed of four sub-challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2021 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2021 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2021 focused on long-term tracking, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance and (iv) VOT-RGBD2021 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2021 dataset was refreshed, while VOT-RGBD2021 introduces a training dataset and sequestered dataset for winner identification. The source code for most of the trackers, the datasets, the evaluation kit and the results along with the source code for most trackers are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 8. |
- Luo, Yifei, et al.
(författare)
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Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society. - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 17:6, s. 5211-5295
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Tian, Yu-Peng, et al.
(författare)
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Investigations and facile synthesis of a series of novel multi-functional two-photon absorption materials
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 0959-9428 .- 1364-5501. ; 17:34, s. 3646-3654
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Six centrosymmetric D-(pi-A)(3) structural triphenylamine derivatives that can be used as two- photon photopolymerization and optical data storage chromophores, tris[ 4-( 4- pyridylethenyl) phenyl] amine ( 1), tris[ 4-( 2- pyridylethenyl) phenyl] amine ( 2), tris( 4- cyanoethenylphenyl) amine ( 3), tris[ 4- butylacrylatephenyl] amine ( 4), tris[ 4- methylacrylatephenyl] amine ( 5) and tris[ 4- acrylicethenylphenyl] amine ( 6), have been successfully synthesized via a triple palladium-catalyzed Heck coupling reaction, and the novel chromophores were fully characterized by elemental analysis, IR, (1)H-NMR and ESIMS. The structure for 3 was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction study. One- and two-photon absorption and fluorescence in various solvents were experimentally investigated. Two-photon initiated polymerization microfabrication and optical data recording experiments were carried out under 780 nm laser radiation, and the possible polymerization mechanism is discussed based on theoretical calculations. All the six chromophores have relatively large two-photon absorption crosssections, and exhibit optical memory and highly efficient two-photon initiated polymerization abilities.
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| 11. |
- Wang, Fang, et al.
(författare)
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Emerging contaminants: A One Health perspective
- 2024
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Ingår i: Innovation. - 2666-6758. ; 5
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental pollution is escalating due to rapid global development that often prioritizes human needs over planetary health. Despite global efforts to mitigate legacy pollutants, the continuous introduction of new substances remains a major threat to both people and the planet. In response, global initiatives are focusing on risk assessment and regulation of emerging contaminants, as demonstrated by the ongoing efforts to establish the UN's Intergovernmental Science-Policy Panel on Chemicals, Waste, and Pollution Prevention. This review identifies the sources and impacts of emerging contaminants on planetary health, emphasizing the importance of adopting a One Health approach. Strategies for monitoring and addressing these pollutants are discussed, underscoring the need for robust and socially equitable environmental policies at both regional and international levels. Urgent actions are needed to transition toward sustainable pollution management practices to safeguard our planet for future generations.
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| 12. |
- Wang, Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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Azadithiolates cofactor of the iron-only hydrogenase and its PR3-monosubstituted derivatives : Synthesis, structure, electrochemistry and protonation
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-328X .- 1872-8561. ; 692:24, s. 5501-5507
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The core structure (mu-SCH2)(2)NH[Fe-2(CO)(6)](5) of Fe-only hydrogenases active site model has been synthesized by the condensation of iron carbonyl sulfides, formaldehyde and silyl protected amine. Its monosubstituted complexes (mu-SCH2)(2)NH[Fe-2(CO)(5)PR3] (R = Ph (6), Me (7)) were accordingly prepared. The coordination configurations of 5 and 6 were characterized by X-ray crystallography. Protonation of complex 7 to form the N-protonated product occurs in an acetonitrile solution upon addition of triflic acid. The redox properties of these model complexes were studied by cyclic voltammetry.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- An, Feng-Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Establishment of a Large Animal Model for Eustachian Tube Functional Study in Miniature Pigs
- 2019
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Ingår i: Anatomical Record Part A-discoveries in Molecular Cellular and Evolutionary Biology. - : WILEY. - 1552-4884 .- 1932-8494. ; 302:6, s. 1024-1038
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was performed to investigate whether miniature pigs are a suitable animal model for studies of the Eustachian tube (ET). Sixteen Chinese experimental miniature pigs were used in this investigation. Ten animals were used for anatomical and morphometric analyses to obtain qualitative and quantitative information regarding the ET. Three animals were used for histological analysis to determine the fine structure of ET cross-sections. Three animals were used to investigate the feasibility of balloon dilation of the Eustachian tube (BDET). The anatomical study indicated that the pharyngeal orifice and tympanic orifice of the miniature pig ET are located at the posterior end of the nasal lateral wall and anterior wall of the middle ear cavity, respectively. The cartilaginous tube was seen to pass through the whole length of the ET, the length of the cartilaginous part of the ET and the diameter of the isthmus were similar between humans and miniature pigs. The inclination of the ET in miniature pigs was larger than that in humans. The gross histology seemed to be slightly different between miniature pig and human, but the fine structures were essentially the same in both species. BDET experiments verified that the miniature pig model is suitable as a model for clinical operations. The miniature pig ET corresponds very well to that of humans. In addition, the miniature pig ET is suitable as a model for clinical operations. Therefore, the miniature pig is a valid animal model for ET study.
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| 15. |
- Bai, Yang, et al.
(författare)
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New ecological redline policy (ERP) to secure ecosystem services in China
- 2016
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Ingår i: Land use policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-8377 .- 1873-5754. ; 55, s. 348-351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- China is facing huge environmental problems, with its current rapid rate of urbanization and industrialization causing biodiversity loss, ecosystem degradation, and land resources degradation on a major scale. To overcome management conflicts and secure ecosystem services, China has proposed a new 'ecological redline policy' (ERP) using ecosystem services as a way to meet its targets. By giving environmental policy redline status, China is demonstrating strong commitment in its efforts to tackle environmental degradation and secure ecosystem services for the future. This is already having impact, as the Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection and the National Development and Reform Commission are prepared to work together to implement the new environmental policy.
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| 16. |
- Bartoletti, Stefania, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction and fundamentals
- 2024
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Ingår i: Positioning and Location-based Analytics in 5G and Beyond. - 9781119911463 ; , s. 1-18
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter introduces the book and presents the main principles and fundamentals for positioning and location-based analytics, thus effectively providing the basis for the following chapters. After a brief introduction and motivation for the book, we present the main use cases, verticals, and applications for positioning and location-based analytics. Then, we provide the technical fundamentals for understanding positioning and navigation algorithms, as well as location-based analytics. An introduction to the architectural principles is presented. Finally, an outline of the book chapters is provided.
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| 17. |
- Bartoletti, Stefania, et al.
(författare)
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Positioning methods
- 2024
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Ingår i: Positioning and Location-based Analytics in 5G and Beyond. - 9781119911463 ; , s. 21-50
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter introduces the main positioning methods, starting from the state-of-the-art and following a statistical estimation perspective. This is followed by an in-depth treatment of radio positioning, first focusing on device-based positioning and then on device-free positioning. Finally, recent approaches based on artificial intelligence methods for positioning are detailed.
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| 18. |
- Björck, Svante, et al.
(författare)
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A South Atlantic island record uncovers shifts in westerlies and hydroclimate during the last glacial
- 2019
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Ingår i: Climate of the Past. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1814-9324 .- 1814-9332. ; 15:6, s. 1939-1958
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes in the latitudinal position and strength of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies (SHW) are thought to be tightly coupled to important climate processes, such as cross-equatorial heat fluxes, Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), the bipolar seesaw, Southern Ocean ventilation and atmospheric CO2 levels. However, many uncertainties regarding magnitude, direction, and causes and effects of past SHW shifts still exist due to lack of suitable sites and scarcity of information on SHW dynamics, especially from the last glacial. Here we present a detailed hydroclimate multiproxy record from a 36.4-18.6 kyr old lake sediment sequence on Nightingale Island (NI). It is strategically located at 37ĝF S in the central South Atlantic (SA) within the SHW belt and situated just north of the marine Subtropical Front (SF). This has enabled us to assess hydroclimate changes and their link to the regional climate development as well as to large-scale climate events in polar ice cores. The NI record exhibits a continuous impact of the SHW, recording shifts in both position and strength, and between 36 and 31 ka the westerlies show high latitudinal and strength-wise variability possibly linked to the bipolar seesaw. This was followed by 4 kyr of slightly falling temperatures, decreasing humidity and fairly southerly westerlies. After 27 ka temperatures decreased 3-4 ĝC, marking the largest hydroclimate change with drier conditions and a variable SHW position. We note that periods with more intense and southerly-positioned SHW seem to be related to periods of increased CO2 outgassing from the ocean, while changes in the cross-equatorial gradient during large northern temperature changes appear as the driving mechanism for the SHW shifts. Together with coeval shifts of the South Pacific westerlies, our results show that most of the Southern Hemisphere experienced simultaneous atmospheric circulation changes during the latter part of the last glacial. Finally we can conclude that multiproxy lake records from oceanic islands have the potential to record atmospheric variability coupled to large-scale climate shifts over vast oceanic areas..
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| 19. |
- Björck, Svante, et al.
(författare)
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Relative sea level changes and glacio-isostatic modelling in the Beagle Channel, Tierra del Fuego, Chile : glacial and tectonic implications
- 2021
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Ingår i: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-3791. ; 251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Beagle Channel crosses the southernmost tip of South America (Tierra del Fuego), connecting the South Atlantic with the Southeastern Pacific. Raised beaches occur up to 10 m above mean sea level (m a.m.s.l.), especially along the northern (Argentinian) shore, and have been dated using marine shells. The southern (Chilean) shore is well-known for its abundance of shell middens at different levels above the present shore, particularly along the island of Isla Navarino, but the relative sea level history in this glacially impacted landscape has not previously been investigated. In this study we present postglacial relative sea level changes on Isla Navarino, based on sediment cores from six lagoons, bogs or lakes, and stratigraphic investigations of three open sections, of which one is of MIS 5e age. In addition, one core from a lagoon in the south-western Beagle Channel has been analysed and a system of terraces was mapped in the north-western Beagle Channel. The analyses of the core sites have resulted in two tentative relative sea level curves, displaying a rapid sea level rise at 8500−6500 cal yr BP, amounting to ∼10 and 14 m in eastern and western Isla Navarino, respectively, and reaching levels of ∼8 and > 10 m, respectively, followed by a slow relative sea level fall. Our sea level observations have been compared with a range of modelling results of glacial-isostatic adjustments (GIA) for estimating timing of deglaciation and ice sheet thicknesses. Based mainly on the GIA modelling of the altitude of the MIS 5e beach sediments, situated at 13 m, we can conclude that no other uplift than GIA is needed to explain their altitude. Regarding the modelling of postglacial sea levels we can conclude that no model has been found that satisfies all of the observational evidence, but that deglaciation most likely preceded Northern Hemisphere main deglaciation by at least 3 kyr, which agrees with the deglaciation age of Isla Navarino (>16 000 cal yr BP). In addition, our model runs imply that the Patagonian and Tierra del Fuego ice sheet thicknesses were in the order of ∼1500 m.
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| 20. |
- Cao, Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of switching mechanism in molecular junctions by inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 112:29, s. 11018-11022
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present first-principles studies on electron transport properties of Pd-dithiolated oligoaniline-Pd molecular junctions. It is to demonstrate the possibility of using inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) to identify the switching mechanism in the molecular junction. Calculations have successfully reproduced the experimentally observed conductance switching behavior and the corresponding inelastic electron tunneling spectra. It is shown that the conductance switching is induced by conformation changes of the intercalated dithiolated oligoaniline in the junctions rather than oxidation/reduction as proposed earlier. Among three possible isomers, the low and high conductance states are related to two symmetrical structures. The possible involvement of asymmetric structure is discussed. It is revealed that chemical bonds between the terminal S atom and Pd electrodes are quite weak with relatively long bond distances.
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| 21. |
- Cao, Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Temperature-dependent statistical behavior of single molecular conductance in aqueous solution
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 130:21, s. 6674-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have combined molecular dynamics simulations with first principles calculations to study electron 4 transport in a single molecule of perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI) sandwiched between two gold electrodes with an aqueous electrolyte. This combination has for the first time allowed one to reveal statistical behavior of molecular conductance in solution at different temperatures and to produce conductance histograms that can be directly compared with experiments. Our calculations show that experimentally observed temperature-dependent conductance ran be attributed to the thermal effect on the hydrogen bonding network around the molecule and can be described by the radial distribution of water molecules surrounding the oxygen atom in the PTCDI molecule.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Chen, Chang, et al.
(författare)
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Untargeted screening of unknown xenobiotics and potential toxins in plasma of poisoned patients using high-resolution mass spectrometry: Generation of xenobiotic fingerprint using background subtraction
- 2016
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Ingår i: Analytica Chimica Acta. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0003-2670 .- 1873-4324. ; 944, s. 37-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel analytical workflow was developed and applied for the detection and identification of unknown xenobiotics in biological samples. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)-based data-independent MSE acquisition was employed to record full scan MS and fragment spectral datasets of test and control samples. Then, an untargeted data-mining technique, background subtraction, was utilized to find xenobiotics present only in test samples. Structural elucidation of the detected xenobiotics was accomplished by database search, spectral interpretation, and/or comparison with reference standards. Application of the workflow to analysis of unknown xenobiotics in plasma samples collected from four poisoned patients led to generation of xenobiotic profiles, which were regarded as xenobiotic fingerprints of the individual samples. Among 19 xenobiotics detected, 11 xenobiotics existed in a majority of the patients plasma samples, thus were considered as potential toxins. The follow-up database search led to the tentative identification of azithromycin (X5), alpha-chaconine (X9) and penfluridol (X12). The identity of X12 was further confirmed with its reference standard. In addition, one xenobiotic component (Y5) was tentatively identified as a penfluridol metabolite. The remaining unidentified xenobiotics listed in the xenobiotic fingerprints can be further characterized or identified in retrospective analyses after their spectral data and/or reference compounds are available. This HRMS-based workflow may have broad applications in the detection and identification of unknown xenobiotics in individual biological samples, such as forensic and toxicological analysis and sport enhancement drug screening. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 24. |
- Chen, Hui, et al.
(författare)
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A CORDIC-Based Architecture with Adjustable Precision and Flexible Scalability to Implement Sigmoid and Tanh Functions
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, ISCAS 2020. - : IEEE.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the artificial neural networks, tanh (hyperbolic tangent) and sigmoid functions are widely used as activation functions. Past methods to compute them may have shortcomings such as low precision or inflexible architecture that is difficult to expand, so we propose a CORDIC-based architecture to implement sigmoid and tanh functions, which has adjustable precision and flexible scalability. It just needs shift-add-or-subtract operations to compute high-accuracy results and is easy to expand the input range through scaling the negative iterations of CORDIC without changing the original architecture. We adopt the control variable method to explore the accuracy distribution through software simulation. A specific case (ARCH:(1, 15, 18), RMSE: 10(-6)) is designed and synthesized under the TSMC 40nm CMOS technology, the report shows that it has the area of 36512.78 mu m(2) and power of 12.35mW at the frequency of 1GHz. The maximum work frequency can reach 1.5GHz, which is better than the state-of-the-art methods.
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| 25. |
- Chen, Hui, et al.
(författare)
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An Efficient Hardware Architecture with Adjustable Precision and Extensible Range to Implement Sigmoid and Tanh Functions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Electronics. - : MDPI. - 2079-9292. ; 9:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The efficient and precise hardware implementations of tanh and sigmoid functions play an important role in various neural network algorithms. Different applications have different requirements for accuracy. However, it is difficult for traditional methods to achieve adjustable precision. Therefore, we propose an efficient-hardware, adjustable-precision and high-speed architecture to implement them for the first time. Firstly, we present two methods to implement sigmoid and tanh functions. One is based on the rotation mode of hyperbolic CORDIC and the vector mode of linear CORDIC (called RHC-VLC), another is based on the carry-save method and the vector mode of linear CORDIC (called CSM-VLC). We validate the two methods by MATLAB and RTL implementations. Synthesized under the TSMC 40 nm CMOS technology, we find that a special case AR divide VR(3,0), based on RHC-VLC method, has the area of 4290.98 mu m2 and the power of 1.69 mW at the frequency of 1.5 GHz. However, under the same frequency, AR divide VC(3) (a special case based on CSM-VLC method) costs 3196.36 mu m2 area and 1.38 mW power. They are both superior to existing methods for implementing such an architecture with adjustable precision.
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