| 1. |
- Furtado, R. H. M., et al.
(författare)
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Caffeinated Beverage Intake, Dyspnea With Ticagrelor, and Cardiovascular Outcomes: Insights From the PEGASUS-TIMI 54 Trial
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Heart Association. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 2047-9980. ; 9:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A proposed cause of dyspnea induced by ticagrelor is an increase in adenosine blood levels. Because caffeine is an adenosine antagonist, it can potentially improve drug tolerability with regard to dyspnea. Furthermore, association between caffeine and cardiovascular events is of clinical interest. METHODS AND RESULTS: This prespecified analysis used data from the PEGASUS TIMI 54 (Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Prior Heart Attack Using Ticagrelor Compared to Placebo on a Background of Aspirin-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 54) trial, which randomized 21 162 patients with prior myocardial infarction to ticagrelor 60 mg or 90 mg or matching placebo (twice daily). Baseline caffeine intake in cups per week was prospectively collected for 9694 patients. Outcomes of interest included dyspnea, major adverse cardiovascular events (ie, the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke), and arrhythmias. Dyspnea analyses considered the pooled ticagrelor group, whereas cardiovascular outcome analyses included patients from the 3 randomized arms. After adjustment, caffeine intake, compared with no intake, was not associated with lower rates of dyspnea in patients taking ticagrelor (adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 0.91; 95% CI, 0.76-1.10; P= 0.34). There was no excess risk with caffeine for major adverse cardiovascular events (adjusted HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.63-0.98; P=0.031), sudden cardiac death (adjusted HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.57-1.70; P=0.95), or atrial fibrillation (adjusted odds ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.56-2.04; P=0.84). CONCLUSIONS: In patients taking ticagrelor for secondary prevention after myocardial infarction, caffeine intake at baseline was not associated with lower rates of dyspnea compared with no intake. Otherwise, caffeine appeared to be safe in this population, with no apparent increase in atherothrombotic events or clinically significant arrhythmias.
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| 5. |
- Bonaca, M. P., et al.
(författare)
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Reduction in subtypes and sizes of myocardial infarction with ticagrelor in PEGASUS-TIMI 54
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Heart Association. - 2047-9980. ; 7:22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background-—Ticagrelor reduced cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI), or stroke in patients with prior MI in PEGASUSTIMI 54 (Prevention of Cardiovascular Events [eg, Death From Heart or Vascular Disease, Heart Attack, or Stroke] in Patients With Prior Heart Attack Using Ticagrelor Compared to Placebo on a Background of Aspirin). MI can occur in diverse settings and with varying severity; therefore, understanding the types and sizes of MI events prevented is of clinical importance. Methods and Results-—MIs were adjudicated by a blinded clinical events committee and categorized by subtype and fold elevation of peak cardiac troponin over the upper limit of normal. A total of 1042 MIs occurred in 898 of the 21 162 randomized patients over a median follow-up of 33 months. The majority of the MIs (76%) were spontaneous (Type 1), with demand MI (Type 2) and stent thrombosis (Type 4b) accounting for 13% and 9%, respectively; sudden death (Type 3), percutaneous coronary intervention–related (Type 4a) and coronary artery bypass graft–related (Type 5) each accounted for <1%. Half of MIs (520, 50%) had a peak troponin ≥10x upper limit of normal and 21% of MIs (220) had a peak troponin ≥1009 upper limit of normal. A total of 21% (224) were ST-segment–elevation MI STEMI. Overall ticagrelor reduced MI (4.47% versus 5.25%, hazard ratio 0.83, 95% confidence interval 0.72–0.95, P=0.0055). The benefit was consistent among the subtypes, including a 31% reduction in MIs with a peak troponin ≥1009 upper limit of normal (hazard ratio 0.69, 95% confidence interval 0.53–0.92, P=0.0096) and a 40% reduction in ST-segment elevation MI (hazard ratio 0.60, 95% confidence interval 0.46–0.78, P=0.0002). Conclusions-—In stable outpatients with prior MI, the majority of recurrent MIs are spontaneous and associated with a high biomarker elevation. Ticagrelor reduces the MI consistently among subtypes and sizes including large MIs and ST-segment elevation MI. Clinical Trial Registration-URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01225562. © 2018 The Authors.
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| 6. |
- Davies, Thomas G., et al.
(författare)
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Open data and digital morphology.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 284:1852, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past two decades, the development of methods for visualizing and analysing specimens digitally, in three and even four dimensions, has transformed the study of living and fossil organisms. However, the initial promise that the widespread application of such methods would facilitate access to the underlying digital data has not been fully achieved. The underlying datasets for many published studies are not readily or freely available, introducing a barrier to verification and reproducibility, and the reuse of data. There is no current agreement or policy on the amount and type of data that should be made available alongside studies that use, and in some cases are wholly reliant on, digital morphology. Here, we propose a set of recommendations for minimum standards and additional best practice for three-dimensional digital data publication, and review the issues around data storage, management and accessibility.
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| 8. |
- Ganguly, Koustav, et al.
(författare)
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Computational modeling of lung deposition of inhaled particles in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients : identification of gaps in knowledge and data
- 2019
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Ingår i: Critical reviews in toxicology. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 1040-8444 .- 1547-6898. ; 49:2, s. 160-173
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Computational modeling together with experimental data are essential to assess the risk for particulate matter mediated lung toxicity and to predict the efficacy, safety and fate of aerosolized drug molecules used in inhalation therapy. In silico models are widely used to understand the deposition, distribution, and clearance of inhaled particles and aerosols in the human lung. Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been reported due to increased particulate matter related air pollution episodes. Considering the profound functional, anatomical and structural changes occurring in COPD lungs, the relevance of the existing in silico models for mimicking diseased lungs warrants reevaluation. Currently available computational modeling tools were developed for the healthy adult (male) lung. Here, we analyze the major alterations occurring in the airway structure, anatomy and pulmonary function in the COPD lung, as compared to the healthy lung. We also scrutinize the various physiological and particle characteristics that influence particle deposition, distribution and clearance in the lung. The aim of this review is to evaluate the availability of the fundamental knowledge and data required for modeling particle deposition in a COPD lung departing from the existing healthy lung models. The extent to which COPD pathophysiology may affect aerosol deposition depends on the relative contribution of several factors such as altered lung structure and function, bronchoconstriction, emphysema, loss of elastic recoil, altered breathing pattern and altered liquid volumes that warrant consideration while developing physiologically relevant in silico models.
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| 10. |
- Johanson, Per, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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A dynamic model forecasting myocardial infarct size before, during, and after reperfusion therapy: an ASSENT-2 ECG/VCG substudy
- 2005
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Ingår i: Eur Heart J. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0195-668X. ; 26:17, s. 1726-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: Serial forecasts of final myocardial infarct (MI) size during fibrinolytic treatment (Rx) of ST-elevation MI would allow the identification of high-risk patients with a predicted major loss of viable myocardium, at a point when treatment may still be modified. We investigated a model for such forecasting, using time and the ECG. METHODS AND RESULTS: We collected 234 patients with ST-elevation MI, without signs of previous MI, bundle branch block, or hypertrophy. MI size was determined by the Selvester score and was "forecasted" at: admission with patients stratified by delay time and an ECG acuteness score into three groups (EARLY, DISCORDANT, and LATE); 90 min after Rx by > or =70% ST-recovery or not and occurrence of "reperfusion peaks"; 4 h after Rx by ST re-elevations. EARLY patients had smaller final infarct sizes than LATE (9.4 vs. 20%, P=0.01). EARLY patients with > or =70% ST-recovery without a reperfusion peak had smaller infarct sizes than those with (3.1 vs. 12.5%, P=0.001). EARLY patients without ST re-elevations had smaller infarct sizes (1.5%) than those with some (9%) or many re-elevations (12%), P<0.001. CONCLUSION: Final infarct size can be forecasted using delay time and serial ECGs. Serially updated forecasts seem especially important when both clock-time and initial ECG- signs indicate earliness.
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| 11. |
- Johanson, Per, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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An academic ECG core lab perspective of the FDA initiative for digital ECG capture and data management in large-scale clinical trials
- 2005
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Ingår i: Drug Information Journal. - 0092-8615. ; 39:4, s. 345-351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maximal utility of accessible data is attractive to all partners in clinical research, whether it directly improves patient care or more accurately allows identification of the safety and efficacy of a new drug or procedure. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has presented a guideline draft addressing digitization of electrocardiogram (ECG) data in clinical trials to improve the standards for collection, analysis, and storage of safety information on new medical therapies. This FDA initiative has led to discussions and collaboration among the FDA, the pharmaceutical industry, the electrocardiographj, manufacturers, and the academic as well as the nonacademic EGG core labs. In this article, we present a broad-based viewpoint from two groups of academic EGG core labs, the Alliance of Academic EGG Core Labs and the Virtual Electronic EGG Corelab International Consortium. We have chosen to widen the perspective from using digitized EGG data in safety trials only, as addressed by the FDA guideline draft, to a discussion on the possibilities and the potential problems when using digitized EGG data also in large clinical trials focusing on efficacy measurements. We conclude that the benefit of digital data mining is probably well worth an initial incremental effort and expense.
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| 14. |
- Oláh, János, et al.
(författare)
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Revision of the European Rhyacophila fasciata species complex by fine phenomics of the paramere (Trichoptera, Rhyacophilidae)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Opuscula Zoologica Instituti Zoosystematici et Oecologici Universitatis Budapestinensis. - 0237-5419 .- 2063-1588. ; 51:1, s. 21-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The poorly known, so called widely distributed and highly varying species of the European Rhyacophila fasciata species complex are revised by fine phenomics of the paramere organisation. In this species complex paramere is the most diverse organ. It is the speciation trait integrating the initial split of speciation by its stimulatory and titillating function involved in the early processes of reproductive isolation. Based on paramere organisation and on the character state of distribution three lineages have been delineated in the Rhyacophila fasciata species complex: the European R. fasciata lineage, the Caucasian R. aliena lineage and the R. mysica lineage distributed from Albania to Pakistan. In the R. fasciata lineage we have distinguished three clades of species: R. fasciata with five species, R. matrensis with seven species, and R. denticulata with seven species. We have re-diagnosed three known species: R. fasciata Hagen, 1859, R. denticulataMcLachlan, 1879, R. sociata Navas, 1916 and described 15 species new to science: R. biharensis Oláh sp. nov., R. bulgarica Oláh sp. nov., R. coppai Oláh sp. nov., R. csornahorensis Oláh & Szczęsny sp. nov., R. ferda Oláh sp. nov., R. kopasa Oláh & Coppa sp. nov., R. matrensis Oláh, & Szczęsny sp. nov., R. retezatensis Oláh sp. nov., R. rova Oláh & Coppa sp. nov. R. ruda Oláh & Johanson sp. nov., R. salfa Oláh sp. nov., R. soreda Coppa & Oláh sp. nov. R. suna Oláh sp. nov., R. tuhega Oláh sp. nov., R. zemplenensis Oláh sp. nov. The species status of Rhyacophila gemella Navas, 1923 was reinstated.
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| 15. |
- Rebeiz, A. G., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of ST-segment resolution with combined fibrinolytic and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy versus fibrinolytic alone (data from four clinical trials)
- 2005
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Ingår i: Am J Cardiol. - 0002-9149. ; 95:5, s. 611-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We compared combination fibrinolytic plus glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy with stand-alone fibrinolysis with respect to speed and stability of reperfusion in patients who had acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; data were obtained from 654 patients in 4 trials (Integrilin to Manage Platelet Aggregation to Combat Thrombosis in Acute Myocardial Infarction, Platelet Aggregation Receptor Antagonist Dose Investigation and Reperfusion Gain in Myocardial Infarction, Integrilin and Tenecteplase in Acute Myocardial Infarction, and the Fifth Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries) that compared thrombolytics plus lamifiban, eptifibatide, or abciximab with standard thrombolysis. We found significantly faster and more stable ST-segment recovery with combination therapy starting at 60 minutes (56.7% vs 48.0% with >/=50% ST-segment resolution, p = 0.03) and sustained over 180 minutes after drug administration; this transient benefit may suggest a time frame when more optimal percutaneous coronary intervention can be performed.
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| 19. |
- SandborghEnglund, G, et al.
(författare)
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Studies on mercury kinetics in man.
- 1996
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH. - 0022-0345. ; 75, s. 164-164
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 21. |
- Thunes, KH, et al.
(författare)
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The arthropod community of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) canopies in Norway
- 2004
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Ingår i: Entomologica Fennica. - 0785-8760. ; 15:2, s. 65-90
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We summarise the findings of arthropods collected by fogging the canopy of 24 pine trees in two sites in Eastern and Western Norway. From the samples, taken in 1998 and in 1999, almost 30,000 specimens were determined to 512 species, with Diptera being most species rich (210 species), followed by Coleoptera (76 species) and Araneae (49 species). Of the 96 new species records, nine were new to science (5 Diptera and 4 Oribatida), two were new to the European, three to the Scandinavian and 82 to the Norwegian faunas. The paper demonstrates the need for detailed faunistical inventories of European forests.
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