| 1. |
- Johansson Wensman, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Kennelhosta
- 2014
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Ingår i: Ulvehunden. - 2246-509X. ; 38, s. 10-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Lysholm, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Seroepidemiology of selected transboundary animal diseases in goats in Zambia
- 2022
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Ingår i: Preventive Veterinary Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0167-5877 .- 1873-1716. ; 206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transboundary pathogens of goats present significant constraints to the livelihoods of millions of farmers in countries such as Zambia. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp), foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV), Brucella spp., Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) in Zambian goats. Another aim was to identify associations between seroprevalence and different predictor variables, such as trade and border proximity. From September to October 2019, 962 serum samples were collected from goats in seven Zambian districts, four of which have an international border while the remaining three do not. A questionnaire survey was conducted with each household, focusing on trade routines, management strategies and herd disease history. Animal-level seroprevalence adjusted for herd-level clustering was 8.2 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 7.5-9.0) for Mccp, 12.9% (95% CI 12.0-13.7) for FMDV, 13.0 % (95% CI 12.1-13.9) for Brucella spp., 3.3 % (95% CI 2.8-3.7) for CCHFV, and 0.4 % (95 % CI 0.3-0.7) for RVFV. The association between herd-level seroprevalence and border proximity and trade appeared negligible, with the exception of selling goats at least twice a year which was identified as a potential risk factor for Brucella spp. (OR 4.1, 95 % CI 1.1-16.0, p = 0.040). In addition, a positive association between herd-level seroprevalence of FMDV and a herd size of 21 goats or more (OR 3.3, 95 % CI 1.0-11.1, p = 0.049) was detected. Also, positive associations between animal-level seroprevalence of Brucella spp. and increasing age (OR 7.7, 95 % CI 1.5-40.7, p = 0.016), and CCHFV and keeping pigs in the household (OR 2.7, 95 % CI 1.0-7.1, p = 0.044), were found. For FMDV (OR 3.8, 95 % CI 1.4-10.9, p = 0.011) and Brucella spp. (OR 4.5, 95 % CI 1.2-17.3, p = 0.031) on the other hand, animal-level seroprevalence was significantly higher in households without pigs. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to describe the presence of antibodies for CCPP and CCHF in the Zambian goat population. While the association between seroprevalence and trade and border proximity generally appeared negligible, it is recommended that their influence is further evaluated in future studies, preferably through in-depth longitudinal studies incorporating impacts of different biosecurity measures and trade variations, linked to for example seasonality and trade peaks.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Blomström, Anne-Lie, et al.
(författare)
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Serological markers of Bornavirus infection found in horses in Iceland
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-605X .- 1751-0147. ; 55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conclusions: This report contains the first evidence of antibodies to Borna disease virus in Iceland. Whether Borna disease virus was the cause of the neurological signs could however not be confirmed by pathology or molecular detection of the virus. As Iceland has very restricted legislation regarding animal imports, the questions of how this virus has entered the country and to what extent markers of Bornavirus infection can be found in humans and animals in Iceland remain to be answered.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Damian, Donath, et al.
(författare)
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Diversity of viruses in hard ticks (Ixodidae) from select areas of a wildlife-livestock interface ecosystem at Mikumi National Park, Tanzania
- 2020
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Ingår i: American Journal of BioScience. - : Science Publishing Group. - 2330-0159 .- 2330-0167. ; 8, s. 150-157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many of the recent emerging infectious diseases have occurred due to the transmission of the viruses that have wildlife reservoirs. Arthropods, such as ticks, are known to be important vectors for spreading viruses and other pathogens from wildlife to domestic animals and humans. In the present study, we explored the diversity of viruses in hard ticks (Ixodidae) from select areas of a wildlife-livestock interface ecosystem at Mikumi National Park, Tanzania using a metagenomic approach. cDNA and DNA were amplified with random amplification and Illumina high-throughput sequencing was performed. The high-throughput sequenced data was imported to the CLC genomic workbench and trimmed based on quality (Q = 20) and length (≥ 50). The trimmed reads were assembled and annotated through Blastx using Diamond against the National Center for Biotechnology Information non-redundant database and its viral database. The MEGAN Community was used to analyze and to compare the taxonomy of the viral community. The obtained contigs and singletons were further subjected to alignment and mapping against reference sequences. The viral sequences identified were classified into bacteria, vertebrates, and invertebrates, plants, and protozoans viruses. Sequences related to known viral families; Retroviridae, Flaviviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Chuviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Phenuiviridae, Totiviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Parvoviridae, Caulimoviridae, Mimiviridae and several Phages were reported. This result indicates that there are many viruses present in the study region, which we are not aware of and do not know the role they have or if they have the potential to spread to other species and cause diseases. Therefore, further studies are required to delineate the viral community present in the region over a large scale.
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| 10. |
- Damian, Donath, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular Diversity of Hard Tick Species from Selected Areas of a Wildlife-Livestock Interface Ecosystem at Mikumi National Park, Morogoro Region, Tanzania
- 2021
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Ingår i: Veterinary Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 2306-7381. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ticks are one of the most important arthropod vectors and reservoirs as they harbor a wide variety of viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and nematodes, which can cause diseases in human and livestock. Due to their impact on human, livestock, and wild animal health, increased knowledge of ticks is needed. So far, the published data on the molecular diversity between hard ticks species collected in Tanzania is scarce. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic diversity between hard tick species collected in the wildlife-livestock interface ecosystem at Mikumi National Park, Tanzania using the mitochondrion 16S rRNA gene sequences. Adult ticks were collected from cattle (632 ticks), goats (187 ticks), and environment (28 ticks) in the wards which lie at the border of Mikumi National Park. Morphological identification of ticks was performed to genus level. To identify ticks to species level, molecular analysis based on mitochondrion 16S rRNA gene was performed. Ticks representing the two genera (Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus) were identified using morphological characters. Six species were confirmed based on mitochondrion 16S rRNA gene, including Rhipicephalus microplus, Rhipicephalus evertsi, Hyalomma rufipes, Hyalomma truncatum, Hyalomma marginatum, and Hhyalomma turanicum. The presence of different clusters of tick species reflects the possible biological diversity of the hard ticks present in the study region. Further studies are however required to quantify species of hard ticks present in the study region and the country in general over a larger scale.
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| 11. |
- Fischer, Klara, et al.
(författare)
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Where is the Participation in Participatory Epidemiology? How Engagement with Social Science could lead to Improved Understanding and Control of Peste des Petits Ruminants.
- 2016
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Ingår i: British Journal of Virology. - : ResearchersLinks Ltd. - 2055-6128. ; 3, s. 105-114
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Peste des Petits ruminants (PPR) is a potentially lethal, highly contagious viral disease of sheep and goats. Domestic sheep and goats are important species for the livelihoods of poor people in many developing countries. Within societies where PPR is now spreading, poverty is widespread and the disease is expected to have significant negative impacts on livelihoods. In resource-constrained marginalised societies, it is often difficult to collect disease data in conventional ways. Participatory epidemiology (PE) has been suggested as a particularly suitable research method to study epidemiology and social impacts of diseases in these contexts. However, for PE to achieve its full potential, stronger efforts to achieve true participation and to incorporate lessons about participation and power from the social sciences may be required. This review shows that social science engagement in PE to date is virtually non-existent, but that increased efforts to draw lessons from the social sciences and to increase the degree of participation in PE could increase its potential as an important tool in disease impact assessment and control. Particular attention is paid here to the potential role of PE in future research on the epidemiology and control of PPR.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Johansson Wensman, Jonas
(författare)
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Ability of vaccine strain induced antibodies to neutralize field isolates of caliciviruses from Swedish cats
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-605X .- 1751-0147. ; 57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a common cause of upper respiratory tract disease in cats worldwide. Its characteristically high mutation rate leads to escape from the humoral immune response induced by natural infection and/or vaccination and consequently vaccines are not always effective against field isolates. Thus, there is a need to continuously investigate the ability of FCV vaccine strain-induced antibodies to neutralize field isolates.Methods: Seventy-eight field isolates of FCV isolated during the years 2008-2012 from Swedish cats displaying clinical signs of upper respiratory tract disease were examined in this study. The field isolates were tested for cross-neutralization using a panel of eight anti-sera raised in four pairs of cats following infection with four vaccine strains (F9, 255, G1 and 431).Results: The anti-sera raised against F9 and 255 neutralised 20.5 and 11.5 %, and 47.4 and 64.1 % of field isolates tested, respectively. The anti-sera against the more recently introduced vaccine strains G1 and 431 neutralized 33.3 and 70.5 % and 69.2 and 89.7 %, respectively. Dual vaccine strains displayed a higher cross-neutralization.Conclusions: This study confirms previous observations that more recently introduced vaccine strains induce antibodies with a higher neutralizing capacity compared to vaccine strains that have been used extensively over a long period of time. This study also suggests that dual FCV vaccine strains might neutralize more field isolates compared to single vaccine strains. Vaccine strains should ideally be selected based on updated knowledge on the antigenic properties of field isolates in the local setting, and there is thus a need for continuously studying the evolution of FCV together with the neutralizing capacity of vaccine strain induced antibodies against field isolates at a national and/or regional level.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Johansson Wensman, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Application of Viral Metagenomics for Study of Emerging and Reemerging Tick-Borne Viruses
- 2020
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Ingår i: Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1530-3667 .- 1557-7759. ; 20, s. 557-565
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ticks are important vectors for different tick-borne viruses, some of which cause diseases and death in humans, livestock, and wild animals. Tick-borne encephalitis virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Kyasanur forest disease virus, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus, Heartland virus, African swine fever virus, Nairobi sheep disease virus, and Louping ill virus are just a few examples of important tick-borne viruses. The majority of tick-borne viruses have RNA genomes that routinely undergo rapid genetic modifications such as point mutations during their replication. These genomic changes can influence the spread of viruses to new habitats and hosts and lead to the emergence of novel viruses that can pose a threat to public health. Therefore, investigation of the viruses circulating in ticks is important to understand their diversity, host and vector range, and evolutionary history, as well as to predict new emerging pathogens. The choice of detection method is important, as most methods detect only those viruses that have been previously well described. On the other hand, viral metagenomics is a useful tool to simultaneously identify all the viruses present in a sample, including novel variants of already known viruses or completely new viruses. This review describes tick-borne viruses, their historical background of emergence, and their reemergence in nature, and the use of viral metagenomics for viral discovery and studies of viral evolution.
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| 17. |
- Johansson Wensman, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Borna disease meningoencephalomyelitis
- 2011
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Ingår i: Infectious diseases of the dog and cat. - 9781416061304 ; , s. 177-179
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 18. |
- Johansson Wensman, Jonas
(författare)
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Borna disease virus and its hosts : studies on virus-host interactions and virus detection
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Borna disease virus (BDV) is an RNA-virus persistently infecting the central nervous system of, and thereby causing neurological disorders in, several animal species, possibly including humans. Although several aspects of BDV and its pathologies have been studied for more than 100 years, further elucidation of the epidemiology and pathogenesis, and the development of reliable detection methods,is needed. This thesis describes the relationship between BDV and its hosts, with special emphasis on virus-host interactions and virus detection. The aims were to improve current detection methods, and to increase the knowledge of virus-host interactions, especially in naturally infected animals. First, a real-time RT-PCR assay for BDV detection was developed; and second this method, as well as serology, was evaluated for use when diagnosing Borna disease (BD) in cats. These studies suggest that serology is the most useful tool to further strengthen a clinical suspicion of feline BD, whereas molecular diagnostics, using blood samples, can be added for cats showing mild neurological signs. In the third study, phosphorylated BDV P and previously reported BDV-host protein-protein interactions were detected in cell cultures, as well as in experimentally and naturally infected animals, by the use of an in situ proximity ligation assay. These protein-protein interactions most likely interfere with signaling pathways of the host, enabling BDV to establish a persistent infection. The type II interferon (IFN-!) is an important key factor of the antiviral host immune response, involved in non-cytolytic clearance of BDV. In the final study, IFN-! mRNA expression was studied in feline BD. A high expression was seen in these cats, as compared to non-infected controls. This expression was higher in cats showing mild neurological signs, and in these cats also moderate-severe pathological lesions were found. These data point to more direct effects of BDV in disease development than has previously been considered. In conclusion, this thesis provides an overview of the current knowledge of BDV, and contributes novel data on virus-host interactions and virus detection.
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| 19. |
- Johansson Wensman, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Borna disease virus infection in cats
- 2014
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Ingår i: Veterinary Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-0233 .- 1532-2971. ; 201, s. 142-149
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bornaviruses are known to cause neurological disorders in a number of animal species. Avian Bornavirus (ABV) causes proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) in birds and Borna disease virus (BDV) causes Borna disease in horses and sheep. BDV also causes staggering disease in cats, characterised by ataxia, behavioural changes and loss of postural reactions. BDV-infection markers in cats have been reported throughout the world. This review summarizes the current knowledge of Borna disease viruses in cats, including etiological agent, clinical signs, pathogenesis, epidemiology and diagnostics, with comparisons to Bornavirus infections in other species.
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| 20. |
- Johansson Wensman, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Bornavirus Infection
- 2023
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Ingår i: Greene's Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat : Fifth Edition. - 9780323509343 ; , s. 501-506
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- • First Described: Staggering disease was first described in the 1970s in Sweden (Kronevi et al., 1974). It was linked to BoDV infection in 1995 in Sweden (Lundgren et al., 1995)• Causes: Borna disease virus (BoDV) (species Mammalian 1 orthobornavirus), family Bornaviridae.• Affected Hosts: Mammalian 1 orthobornavirus mainly affects horses and sheep, but also cats, dogs, other equids, and ungulates.• Geographic Distribution: Europe (endemic in horses and sheep in Central Europe; in cats mainly reported in Sweden), worldwide serologic evidence of exposure in various species.• Primary Mode of Transmission: Not entirely known. Reservoirs (small mammals) have been suggested.• Major Clinical Signs: Gait disturbances and behavioral changes.• Differential Diagnoses: Other feline encephalitides and neoplastic diseases affecting the CNS.• Human Health Significance: A variant bornavirus (Mammalian 2 orthobornavirus) has been associated with three cases of fatal encephalitis in breeders of variegated squirrels. Also, at least eight cases of BoDV-1 in humans have been described further emphasizing the zoonotic potential for BoDV-1, especially in endemic regions. Suggested association of BoDV and neuropsychiatric disorders in humans is however still highly controversial.
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| 21. |
- Johansson Wensman, Jonas
(författare)
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Bornaviruses
- 2013
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Ingår i: Mononegaviruses of Veterinary Importance Vol. I: Pathobiology and Molecular Diagnosis. - UK : CABI. - 9781780641799 ; , s. 1-14
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 22. |
- Johansson Wensman, Jonas
(författare)
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Bornaviruses
- 2016
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Ingår i: Mononegavirales of Veterinary Importance. Volume II: Molecular Epidemiology and Control. - 9781780644172 ; , s. 1-14
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bornaviruses are mainly neurotropic viruses causing neurological disease in a wide range of animal species as well as humans. Historically, these viruses have been considered genetically highly conserved, which is unusual for RNA viruses. Introduction of novel methodology, such as microarray and metagenomic tools, has led to the discovery of more diverse bornaviruses, and several virus species are now included in the family Bornaviridae. With novel methodology, endogenous bornavirus-like elements have also surprisingly been detected in the human and other mammalian genomes, some even resulting in protein expression. Mammalian bornaviruses cause Borna disease in horses and sheep, staggering disease in cats and neurological diseases in other species, such as dog, lynx and cattle. It has also been proposed to be linked to neuropsychiatric illnesses in human. Psittaciform and passeriform bornaviruses induce proventricular dilatation disease in psittacine (e.g. parrots and cockatoos) and passerine (e.g. canaries) birds, respectively. Aquatic bird bornaviruses infect waterfowl, such as swans, geese and ducks, mainly asymptomatically. A variegated squirrel bornavirus has been detected in a few human cases of fatal encephalitis, all related to contact with variegated squirrels, in which the same virus was detected. In this chapter, the epidemiology, molecular epidemiology, transmission routes, reservoirs, vectors, zoonotic aspects, treatment and control of bornaviruses are comprehensively described and discussed.
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| 23. |
- Johansson Wensman, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Bornaviruses in naturally infected Psittacus erithacus in Portugal: insights of molecular epidemiology and ecology
- 2019
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Ingår i: Infection Ecology & Epidemiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2000-8686. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The genus Orthobornavirus comprises non-segmented, negative-stranded RNA viruses able to infect humans, mammals, reptiles and various birds. Parrot bornavirus 1 to 8(PaBV-1 to 8) causes neurological and/or gastrointestinal syndromes and death on psittacines. We aimed to identify and to produce epidemiologic knowledge about the etiologic agent associated with a death of two female Psittacus erithacus(grey parrot). Methods and Results: Both parrots were submitted for a complete standardised necropsy. Tissue samples were analysed by PCR. The findings in necropsy were compatible with bornavirus infection. Analysis revealed PaBV-4 related with genotypes detected in captive and in wild birds. The N and X proteins of PaBV-4 were more related to avian bornaviruses, while phosphoprotein was more related to variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (VSBV-1). Within the P gene/phosphoprotein a highly conserved region between and within bornavirus species was found. Conclusions: Portugal is on the routes of the intensive world trade of psittacines. Broad screening studies are required to help understanding the role of wild birds in the emergence and spread of pathogenic bornaviruses. PaBV-4 phosphoprotein is closer to VSBV-1 associated with lethalencephalitis in humans than with some of the avian bornaviruses. The highly conserved P gene/phosphoprotein region is a good target for molecular diagnostics screenings.
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| 24. |
- Johansson Wensman, Jonas
(författare)
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Could Naturally Occurring Coronaviral Diseases in Animals Serve as Models for COVID-19? A Review Focusing on the Bovine Model
- 2020
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Ingår i: Pathogens. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-0817. ; 9
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current pandemic of COVID-19 has highlighted the importance of basic studies on coronaviruses (CoVs) in general, and severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in particular. CoVs have for long been studied in veterinary medicine, due to their impact on animal health and welfare, production, and economy. Several animal models using coronaviral disease in the natural host have been suggested. In this review, different animal models are discussed, with the main focus on bovine CoV (BCoV). BCoV is endemic in the cattle population worldwide and has been known and studied for several decades. SARS-CoV-2 and BCoV are both betacoronaviruses, where BCoV is highly similar to human coronavirus (HCoV) OC43, encompassing the same virus species (Betacoronavirus 1). BCoV causes respiratory and gastrointestinal disease in young and adult cattle. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the similarities and dissimilarities between BCoV and SARS-CoV-2, as well as discussing the usage of BCoV as a model for human CoVs, including SARS-CoV-2.
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| 25. |
- Johansson Wensman, Jonas
(författare)
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Detection of antibodies to peste-des-petits-ruminants virus in the semi-domesticated yak
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Wildlife Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1612-4642 .- 1439-0574. ; 65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious and acute viral disease of small ruminants. Occasionally, PPR can affect wildlife with devastating results, such as the recent outbreaks in Mongolian saiga. The yak (Bos grunniens and Bos mutus) is a large ruminant found throughout the Himalayan region of south Central Asia, the Tibetan Plateau and as far north as Mongolia and Russia. In Pakistan, yaks are confined to the high plateau of the Northern Areas, from Gilgit to the valley of Ladakh. In Tajikistan, yaks are present in districts in the north, east and southeast of the country. Commonly, yak intermingle with domestic animals during winter when mountainous summer pastures are covered with snow, and with wildlife during summer pastures. PPR is considered endemic in sheep and goats in Pakistan and Tajikistan. In this study, we investigated the potential presence of antibodies to peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV) in yak populations using ELISA. A total of 250 (Pakistan) and 85 (Tajikistan) serum samples of healthy yaks were collected. None of the Tajik yaks were seropositive (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.0-4.2%), while 23 of 250 (9.2%; 95% CI 5.9-13.5%) yaks sampled in Pakistan were found positive. Whether PPRV is continuously circulating among yaks or seroconversion reflects spill-over from outbreaks of PPR in domestic animals remains unknown. Due to the herding practices, yak might transmit PPR from domestic to wild ruminants. Differences in contacts between yaks and domestic animals in Pakistan and Tajikistan, or the low sample size, could explain that no Tajik yaks were seropositive.
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