| 1. |
- Björk, Magnus, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Exposed Datapath for Efficient Computing
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We introduce FlexCore, which is the first exemplar of a processor based on the FlexSoC processor paradigm. TheFlexCore utilizes an exposed datapath for increased performance. Microbenchmarks yield a performance boost of a factor of two over a traditional five-stage pipeline with the same functional units as the FlexCore.We describe our approach to compiling for the FlexCore.A flexible interconnect allows the FlexCore datapath to bedynamically reconfigured as a consequence of code generation. Additionally, specialized functional units may be introduced and utilized within the same architecture and compilation framework. The exposed datapath requires a wide control word. The conducted evaluation of two micro benchmarks confirms that this increases the instruction bandwidth and memory footprint. This calls for an efficient instruction decoding as proposed in the FlexSoC paradigm.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Alay, Özgü, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring and Assessing Mobile Broadband Networks with MONROE
- 2016
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Ingår i: 2016 IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile, and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM). - Red Hook : IEEE. - 9781509021864 - 9781509021857
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mobile broadband (MBB) networks underpin numerous vital operations of the society and are arguably becoming the most important piece of the communications infrastructure. In this demo paper, our goal is to showcase the potential of a novel multi-homed MBB platform for measuring, monitoring and assessing the performance of MBB services in an objective manner. Our platform, MONROE, is composed of hundreds of nodes scattered over four European countries and a backend system that collects the measurement results. Through a user-friendly web client, the experimenters can schedule and deploy their experiments. The platform further embeds traffic analysis tools for real-time traffic flow analysis and a powerful visualization tool.
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| 4. |
- Alay, Özgü, et al.
(författare)
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MONROE, a distributed platform to measure and assess mobile broadband networks : demo
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Tenth ACM International Workshop on Wireless Network Testbeds, Experimental Evaluation, and Characterization. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450342520 ; , s. 85-86
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This demo presents the MONROE distributed platform and how it can be used to implement measurement and assessment experiments with operational mobile broadband networks (MBBs). MONROE provides registered experimenters with open access to hundreds of nodes, distributed over several European countries and equipped with multiple MBB connections, and a backend system that collects the measurement results. Experiments are scheduled through a user-friendly web client, with no need to directly access the nodes. The platform further embeds tools for real-time traffic flow analysis and a powerful visualization tool.
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| 5. |
- Alay, Özgü, et al.
(författare)
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Experience : An open platform for experimentation with commercial mobile broadband networks
- 2017
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Ingår i: MobiCom '17 Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking. - New York : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450349161 ; , s. 70-78
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Open experimentation with operational Mobile Broadband (MBB) networks in the wild is currently a fundamental requirement of the research community in its endeavor to address the need of innovative solutions for mobile communications. Even more, there is a strong need for objective data about stability and performance of MBB (e.g., 3G/4G) networks, and for tools that rigorously and scientifically assess their status. In this paper, we introduce the MONROE measurement platform: an open access and flexible hardware-based platform for measurements and custom experimentation on operational MBB networks. The MONROE platform enables accurate, realistic and meaningful assessment of the performance and reliability of 11 MBB networks in Europe. We report on our experience designing, implementing and testing the solution we propose for the platform. We detail the challenges we overcame while building and testing the MONROE testbed and argue our design and implementation choices accordingly. We describe and exemplify the capabilities of the platform and the wide variety of experiments that external users already perform using the system
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| 6. |
- Alay, Özgü, et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring and Analytics (Release B)
- 2021
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- This document describes the design and implementation of the 5GENESIS Monitoring & Analytics (M&A) framework in its Release B, developed within Task T3.3 of the project work plan. M&A Release B leverages and extends M&A Release A, which has been documented in the previous Deliverable D3.5 [1]. In particular, we present new features and enhancements introduced in this new Release compared to the Release A. We also report some examples of usage of the M&A framework, in order to showcase its integrated in the 5GENESIS Reference Architecture.
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| 7. |
- Bergerson, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Superior Outcome of Early ACL Reconstruction versus Initial Non-reconstructive Treatment With Late Crossover to Surgery A Study From the Swedish National Knee Ligament Registry
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Journal of Sports Medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 0363-5465 .- 1552-3365. ; 50:4, s. 896-903
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Although comparable clinical and functional outcomes have been reported after nonsurgical and surgical anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) treatment, few studies have investigated the effects of early versus late ACL reconstruction with initial rehabilitation. Purpose: To determine patient-reported knee function in patients who initially undergo nonreconstructive treatment after an ACL injury but who later choose to undergo ACL reconstruction as compared with (1) patients undergoing ACL reconstruction close to the index injury and (2) patients treated nonreconstructively at 1 to 10 years of follow-up. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Results from the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) were extracted from the Swedish National Knee Ligament Registry for patients treated with nonreconstruction, early ACL reconstruction, and initial nonreconstruction but subsequent ACL reconstruction (crossover group). The KOOS4 (a mean of 4 KOOS subscales) was analyzed cross-sectionally at baseline and at the 1-, 2-, 5-, and 10-year follow-ups. Additionally, the Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) was applied to all KOOS subscales from baseline to the 10-year follow-up. Results: A total of 1,074 crossover, 484 nonreconstruction, and 20,352 early ACL reconstruction cases were included. The crossover group reported lower KOOS4 values than the group undergoing early ACL reconstruction at baseline and at all follow-ups (mean difference [95% CI]): baseline, -6.5 (-8.0 to -5.0); 1 year, -9.3 (-10.9 to -7.7); 2 years, -4.8 (-6.3 to -3.2); 5 years, -6.1 (-8.8 to -3.4); and 10 years, -10.9 (-16.3 to -5.2). Additionally, a smaller proportion of the crossover cohort achieved a PASS on KOOS subscales at baseline and through the 1-, 2-, 5-, and 10-year follow-ups as compared with the early ACL reconstruction cohort. No differences were observed between crossover and nonreconstruction cases on either the KOOS4 or the PASS at any follow-up. Conclusion: A greater proportion of patients treated with early ACL reconstruction reported acceptable knee function and superior overall knee function as compared with patients who decided to cross over from nonreconstructive treatment to ACL reconstruction.
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| 8. |
- Caso, Giuseppe, et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring and Analytics (Release A)
- 2019
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- This document describes the design and implementation of the 5GENESIS Monitoring & Analytics (M&A) framework (Release A), developed within Task T3.3 of the Project work plan.
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| 9. |
- Choong, Oi Kuan, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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SARS-CoV-2 replicates and displays oncolytic properties in clear cell and papillary renal cell carcinoma
- 2023
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The SARS-CoV-2 virus is currently causing a global pandemic. Infection may result in a systemic disease called COVID-19, affecting primarily the respiratory tract. Often the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys also become involved. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) serves as the receptor for SARS-CoV-2. The membrane proteins, Transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) are accessory proteins facilitating the virus entry. In this study we show that the human proximal kidney tubules, express these factors. We hypothesized that cancers derived from proximal tubules as clear cell (CCRCC) and papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC), retain the expression of the SARS-CoV-2 entry factors making these cancers susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We used bioinformatics, western blotting, and assessment of tissue micro arrays (TMA) including 263 cases of CCRCC, 139 cases of PRCC and 18 cases of chromophobe RCC to demonstrate that the majority of CCRCC and PRCC cases retained the RNA and protein expression of the entry factors for SARS-CoV-2. We furthermore show that SARS-CoV-2 virus propagated robustly in primary cultures of CCRCC and PRCC cells with a visible virus cytopathogenic effect correlating with viral RNA expression levels. We also noted that the delta-variant of SARS-CoV-2 causes cancer cells to form syncytia in-vitro. This phenomenon was also identified histologically in CCRCC tissue from a patient that had been hospitalized for COVID-19, twelve months prior to nephrectomy. Our data provide insights into SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in renal cell carcinoma and that the virus causes a distinct cytopathogenic effect.
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| 10. |
- Coradeschi, Silvia, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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GiraffPlus : combining social interaction and long term monitoring for promoting independent living
- 2013
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Ingår i: 2013 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HUMAN SYSTEM INTERACTIONS (HSI). - New York : IEEE. - 9781467356374 - 9781467356350 ; , s. 578-585
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early detection and adaptive support to changing individual needs related to ageing is an important challenge in today’s society. In this paper we present a system called GiraffPlus that aims at addressing such a challenge and is developed in an on-going European project. The system consists of a network of home sensors that can be automatically configured to collect data for a range of monitoring services; a semi-autonomous telepresence robot; a sophisticated context recognition system that can give high-level and long term interpretations of the collected data and respond to certain events; and personalized services delivered through adaptive user interfaces for primary users. The system performs a range of services including data collection and analysis of long term trends in behaviors and physiological parameters (e.g. relating to sleep or daily activity); warnings, alarms and reminders; and social interaction through the telepresence robot. The latter is based on the Giraff telepresence robot, which is already in place in a number of homes. Particular emphasis is put on user evaluation outside the laboratories. A distinctive aspect of the project is that the GiraffPlus system will be installed and evaluated in at least 15 homes of elderly people. The concept of “useworthiness” is central in order to assure that the GiraffPlus system provides services that are easy to use and worth using. In addition, by using existing and affordable components we strive to achieve a system that is affordable and close to commercialization.
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| 11. |
- di stasi, Giovanni, et al.
(författare)
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Combining Multi-Path Forwarding and Packet Aggregation for Improved Network Performance in Wireless Mesh Networks
- 2014
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Ingår i: Computer Networks. - : Elsevier. - 1389-1286 .- 1872-7069. ; 68, s. 26-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) based on the IEEE 802.11 standard are becoming increasingly popular as a viable alternative to wired networks. WMNs can cover large or difficult to reach areas with low deployment and management costs. Several multi-path routing algorithms have been proposed for such kind of networks with the objective of load balancing the traffic across the network and providing robustness against node or link failures. Packet aggregation has also been proposed to reduce the overhead associated with the transmission of frames, which is not negligible in IEEE 802.11 networks. Unfortunately, multi-path routing and packet aggregation do not work well together, as they pursue different objectives. Indeed, while multi-path routing tends to spread packets among several next-hops, packet aggregation works more efficiently when several packets (destined to the same next-hop) are aggregated and sent together in a single MAC frame. In this paper, we propose a technique, called aggregation aware forwarding, that can be applied to existing multi-path routing algorithms to allow them to effectively exploit packet aggregation so as to increase their network performance. In particular, the proposed technique does not modify the path computation phase,but it just influences the forwarding decisions by taking the state of the sending queues into account.We demonstrated our proposed technique by applying it to Layer-2.5, a multi-path routing and forwarding paradigm for WMNs that has been previously proposed.We conducted a thorough performance evaluation by means of the ns-3 network simulator, which showed that our technique allows to increase the performance both in terms of network throughput and end-to-end delay.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Karlsson, Bodil, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Light my fire but don't choke on the smoke: Wellbeing and pollution from fireplace use in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Energy Research and Social Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-6296 .- 2214-6326. ; 69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fireplaces are popular in Northern Europe. However, particle emissions from fireplaces have been identified as an environmental problem and a health problem. User behaviors affect particle emissions and the success of particle reducing technologies to a large extent. This interdisciplinary study aims to investigate why and how people use their fireplaces, including what emotions people associate with fire, and their interest in learning more about fire making and changing behavior related to fire making. It does so by applying an emotion regulation model in a novel way. In total, 146 Swedish individuals owning a fireplace (the majority had wood stoves, a few had tiled stoves, boilers or other types of fireplaces) participated in an online questionnaire about motives, behaviors, knowledge, and interest in learning and changing behavior. The most common motives for using a fireplace in this sample were complementary heating and “cozy fire making”. Our results suggest that watching a fire can aid in regulating emotions from unpleasant stress towards joy and provide a pleasant atmosphere for socialization, and that wood fuel may be a preferred complementary energy choice because it provides beautiful light, comfortable warmth, beautiful design and safety. People reporting emotional motives for using a fireplace also reported an interest in changing behavior. © 2020
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Karlsson, Jonas, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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An Aggregation Aware Multi-path Forwarding Paradigm for Wireless Mesh Networks
- 2011
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Ingår i: IEEE MASS 2011. Proceedings of the 8th IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Systems. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781457713453 ; , s. 765-770
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In multi-radio wireless mesh networks, a networkdevice simultaneously transmits packets over different channelsby using multiple radios. Such frequency diversity not only increasesthroughput but makes multi-path routing approaches extremelyinteresting. This is because the channel diversity reducesthe risk for intra- and inter-flow interference. A fundamentalproblem to solve is the forwarding strategy which determineswhich packets to be sent over what multi-path segments atany given time. Ideally, the forwarding strategy should scheduleflows according to the capacity constraints imposed by thechannel assignment. However, the possibility to improve MAClayer efficiency by aggregating small packets into larger onesis reduced when packets are forwarded to different next-hops.In this paper, we develop a novel packet forwarding strategyfor multi-radio mesh networks that combines the benefits ofmulti-path routing with packet aggregation. In our cross-layerapproach, we effectively trade-off aggregation opportunities withchannel diversity. Simulation results show that our approach canimprove network throughput and delay by up to 15 percentand 25 percent, respectively, compared with aggregation unawareforwarding strategies.
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| 17. |
- Karlsson, Jonas, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Packet Aggregation in Wireless Mesh Networks : Analyzing TCP performance
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 9th Scandinavian Workshop on Wireless Adhoc Networks. - Uppsala : Uppsala universitet.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recently, Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have attracted attention as a way to provide alternative Internet connectivity to rural areas or communities. In WMNs, wireless access points communicate with each other wirelessly, forming a true wireless mesh based access network of mesh relay nodes (MRNs). A major problem is, however, scalability of WMNs as well as MAC and PHY layer overhead for packet transmission. Capacity of WMNs can be increased significantly by aggregating (combining) several smaller packets into larger ones. This is in particular beneficial to flows where many packets are of small sizes such as voice flows. TCP could also benefit, as by aggregating several packets together there is a reduced collision risk between TCP DATA and TCP ACKs in addition to the reduced MAC layer contention. In this paper, we investigate the impact of packet aggregation on TCP in Wireless Mesh Networks. Using several different scenarios we demonstrate that packet aggregation can not only increase capacity for TCP in such networks but also improve fairness and reduce end-to-end delay
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Karlsson, Jonas, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of Multi-path Routing on TCP Performance
- 2012
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Ingår i: 2012 IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM 2012). - Washington, DC : IEEE Press. - 9781467312387 ; , s. 1-3
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Routing packets over multiple disjoint paths towards a destination can increase network utilization by load-balancing the traffic over the network. The drawback of load-balancing is that different paths might have different delay properties, causing packets to be reordered. This can reduce TCP performance significantly, as reordering is interpreted as a sign of congestion. Packet reordering can be avoided by letting the network layer route strictly on flow-level. This will, however, also limit the ability to achieve optimal network throughput. There are also several proposals that try to mitigate the effects of reordering at the transport layer. In this paper, we perform an initial evaluation of such TCP reordering mitigations in multi-radio multi-channel wireless mesh networks when using multi-path routing. We evaluate two TCP reordering mitigation techniques implemented in the Linux kernel. The transport layer mitigations are compared using different multi-path routing strategies. Our findings show that, in general, flow-level routing gives the best TCP performance and that transport layer reordering mitigations only marginally can improve performance.
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| 20. |
- Karlsson, Jonas, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of Multi-path Routing on TCP Performance in Wireless Mesh Networks
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 8th Swedish National Computer Networking Workshop (SNCNW 2012).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Routing packets over multiple disjoint paths to- wards a destination can increase network utilization by load- balancing the traffic over the network. The drawback of load-balancing is that different paths might have different delay properties, causing packets to be reordered. This can reduce TCP performance significantly, as reordering is interpreted as a sign of congestion. Packet reordering can be avoided by letting the network layer route strictly on flow-level. This will, however, also limit the ability to achieve optimal network throughput. There are also several proposals that try to mitigate the effects of reordering at the transport layer. In this paper, we perform an initial evaluation of such TCP reordering mitigations in multi-radio multi-channel wireless mesh networks when using multi-path routing. We evaluate two TCP reordering mitigation techniques implemented in the Linux kernel. The transport layer mitigations are compared using different multi-path routing strategies. Our findings show that, in general, flow-level routing gives the best TCP performance and that transport layer reordering mitigations only marginally can improve performance.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Karlsson, Jonas, 1977-
(författare)
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Improving TCP Performance in Wireless Multi-hop Networks : Design of Efficient Forwarding and Packet Processing Techniques
- 2011
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Due to the high availability of cheap hardware, wireless multi-hop networks and in particular Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are becoming popular in more and more contexts. For instance, IEEE 802.11 based WMNs have already started to be deployed as means to provide Internet access to rural areas in the developing world. To lower the cost and increase the coverage in such deployments, the wired network is extended with a wireless backbone of fixed mesh routers. With advances in technology and reduction in price comes also the possibility for more powerful wireless nodes, having multiple radios that allow transmitting on different channels in parallel. To be a successful platform for providing general Internet access, wireless multi-hop networks must provide support for common Internet applications. As most of the applications in the Internet today use the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), TCP performance is crucial. Unfortunately, the design of TCP’s congestion control that made it successful in today’s Internet makes it perform less than optimal in wireless multi-hop networks. This is due to, among others, TCP’s inability to distinguish wireless losses from congestion losses. The current trend for operating system designers is also to focus TCP development on high-speed fixed networks, rather than on wireless multi-hop networks. To enable wireless multi hop networks as a successful platform there is therefore a need to provide good performance using TCP variants commonly deployed in the Internet. In this thesis, we develop novel proposals for the network layer in wireless multi-hop networks to support TCP traffic more efficiently. As an initial study, we experimentally evaluate different TCP variants, with and without mobile nodes, in a MANET context. Our results show that TCP Vegas, which does not provoke packet loss to determine available bandwidth, reduces the stress on the network while still providing the same or slightly increased performance, compared to TCP Newreno. We further propose and evaluate packet aggregation combined with aggregation aware multi-path forwarding to better utilize the available bandwidth. IP layer packet aggregation, where small packets are combined to larger ones before sent to the link layer, has been shown to improve the performance in wireless multi-hop networks for UDP and small packet transfers. Only few studies have been made on the impact of packet aggregation on TCP traffic, despite the fact that TCP traffic constitutes the majority of the Internet traffic. We propose a novel aggregation algorithm that is specifically addressing TCP relevant issues like packet reordering, fairness and TCP timeouts. In a typical WMN scenario, the aggregation algorithm increases TCP performance by up to 70 % and decreases round trip time (RTT) by up to 40 %. A detailed evaluation of packet aggregation in a multi radio setting has shown that a naive combination of multi path routing and packet aggregation can cause valuable aggregation opportunities to be lost. Therefore, we propose a novel combined packet aggregation and aggregation aware forwarding strategy that can reduce delay, packet loss and increase TCP performance by around 30 %.
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| 23. |
- Karlsson, Jonas, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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MPTCP PathFinder - finding your ways to aggregated bandwidth
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Many networks are multi-path; mobile devices have multiple interfaces, data centers have redundant paths and ISPs forward traffic over disjoint paths to perform load-balancing. Multi-path TCP (MPTCP) is a new mechanism that transparently divides a TCP connection into subflows and distributes them over a host's network interfaces. While this enables multi-homed systems like e.g. smartphones to use several interfaces and thus different, and mostly disjoint, network paths for a single transmission, most end-systems are still single-homed. With one interface, standard MPTCP creates only a single subflow, making single-homed systems unable to benefit from MPTCP's functionality. In this paper we propose PathFinder, an MPTCP extension that tries to estimate the number of subflows required to fully utilize the network capacity, enabling single-homed hosts to reap the benefits of MPTCP. We evaluate MPTCP with PathFinder and compare its performance to standard MPTCP. The evaluation shows that PathFinder is able to open a limited but sufficient amount of subflows to significantly increase the throughput when compared to using standard MPTCP.
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| 24. |
- Karlsson, Jonas, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Performance Evaluation for TCP in Tactical Mobile Ad hoc Networks
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of International Conference on Wireless Information Networks and Systems. - : SciTePress. - 9789898425737 ; , s. 277-282
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tactical networks are used in military and rescue operations to provide timely and accurate information to operating teams. Tactical networks have traditionally used long distance narrow band radio links. However, although these links provide robust real-time communication the limited bandwidth makes them less suited for high data-rate applications. To support high-data rate TCP applications such as providing digital images and maps, emerging tactical networks use shorter range but higher data-rate wide band radio links and multi-hop. Due to the requirement of cheap up-front cost, most MANET research has focused on Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) networks. However, in tactical networks, where bounded delays are important, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) can give better possibility to support the Quality of Service needed for real-time communication. The purpose of this paper is to assess and compare the throughput of three state-of-the-art TCP versions and two routing protocols over TDMA based MANETs.
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| 25. |
- Karlsson, Jonas, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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TCP Performance Evaluation in Wireless Mesh Networks using Packet Aggregation
- 2012
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have attracted attention as a way to provide alternative wireless Internet connectivity. In a WMN, access points communicate with each other wirelessly, forming a wireless mesh backbone network. One major problem in WMNs is low performance due to MAC and PHY layer overhead for transmission of small packets. Around 44 percent of the packets in the Internet are smaller than 100 bytes and a majority of these packets are TCP packets. The capacity of WMNs can therefore be increased significantly by packet aggregation (concatenation) of TCP packets. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of packet aggregation on TCP performance in WMNs. Using both synthetic and trace based traffic distributions we demonstrate that packet aggregation can not only increase capacity for TCP in such networks but also reduce round trip times.
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