| 1. |
- van Bragt, JJMH, et al.
(författare)
-
Characteristics and treatment regimens across ERS SHARP severe asthma registries
- 2020
-
Ingår i: The European respiratory journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 1399-3003 .- 0903-1936. ; 55:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known about the characteristics and treatments of patients with severe asthma across Europe, but both are likely to vary. This is the first study in the European Respiratory Society Severe Heterogeneous Asthma Research collaboration, Patient-centred (SHARP) Clinical Research Collaboration and it is designed to explore these variations. Therefore, we aimed to compare characteristics of patients in European severe asthma registries and treatments before starting biologicals.This was a cross-sectional retrospective analysis of aggregated data from 11 national severe asthma registries that joined SHARP with established patient databases.Analysis of data from 3236 patients showed many differences in characteristics and lifestyle factors. Current smokers ranged from 0% (Poland and Sweden) to 9.5% (Belgium), mean body mass index ranged from 26.2 (Italy) to 30.6 kg·m−2 (the UK) and the largest difference in mean pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s % predicted was 20.9% (the Netherlands versus Hungary). Before starting biologicals patients were treated differently between countries: mean inhaled corticosteroid dose ranged from 700 to 1335 µg·day−1 between those from Slovenia versus Poland when starting anti-interleukin (IL)-5 antibody and from 772 to 1344 µg·day−1 in those starting anti-IgE (Slovenia versus Spain). Maintenance oral corticosteroid use ranged from 21.0% (Belgium) to 63.0% (Sweden) and from 9.1% (Denmark) to 56.1% (the UK) in patients starting anti-IL-5 and anti-IgE, respectively.The severe asthmatic population in Europe is heterogeneous and differs in both clinical characteristics and treatment, often appearing not to comply with the current European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society guidelines definition of severe asthma. Treatment regimens before starting biologicals were different from inclusion criteria in clinical trials and varied between countries.
|
|
| 2. |
- Abdalla, E., et al.
(författare)
-
Cosmology intertwined : A review of the particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology associated with the cosmological tensions and anomalies
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Astrophysics. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-4048 .- 2214-4056. ; 34, s. 49-211
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The standard Λ Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) cosmological model provides a good description of a wide range of astrophysical and cosmological data. However, there are a few big open questions that make the standard model look like an approximation to a more realistic scenario yet to be found. In this paper, we list a few important goals that need to be addressed in the next decade, taking into account the current discordances between the different cosmological probes, such as the disagreement in the value of the Hubble constant H0, the σ8–S8 tension, and other less statistically significant anomalies. While these discordances can still be in part the result of systematic errors, their persistence after several years of accurate analysis strongly hints at cracks in the standard cosmological scenario and the necessity for new physics or generalisations beyond the standard model. In this paper, we focus on the 5.0σ tension between the Planck CMB estimate of the Hubble constant H0 and the SH0ES collaboration measurements. After showing the H0 evaluations made from different teams using different methods and geometric calibrations, we list a few interesting new physics models that could alleviate this tension and discuss how the next decade's experiments will be crucial. Moreover, we focus on the tension of the Planck CMB data with weak lensing measurements and redshift surveys, about the value of the matter energy density Ωm, and the amplitude or rate of the growth of structure (σ8,fσ8). We list a few interesting models proposed for alleviating this tension, and we discuss the importance of trying to fit a full array of data with a single model and not just one parameter at a time. Additionally, we present a wide range of other less discussed anomalies at a statistical significance level lower than the H0–S8 tensions which may also constitute hints towards new physics, and we discuss possible generic theoretical approaches that can collectively explain the non-standard nature of these signals. Finally, we give an overview of upgraded experiments and next-generation space missions and facilities on Earth that will be of crucial importance to address all these open questions.
|
|
| 3. |
- Dornelas, M., et al.
(författare)
-
BioTIME: A database of biodiversity time series for the Anthropocene
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Global Ecology and Biogeography. - : Wiley. - 1466-822X .- 1466-8238. ; 27:7, s. 760-786
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Motivation: The BioTIME database contains raw data on species identities and abundances in ecological assemblages through time. These data enable users to calculate temporal trends in biodiversity within and amongst assemblages using a broad range of metrics. BioTIME is being developed as a community-led open-source database of biodiversity time series. Our goal is to accelerate and facilitate quantitative analysis of temporal patterns of biodiversity in the Anthropocene. Main types of variables included: The database contains 8,777,413 species abundance records, from assemblages consistently sampled for a minimum of 2 years, which need not necessarily be consecutive. In addition, the database contains metadata relating to sampling methodology and contextual information about each record. Spatial location and grain: BioTIME is a global database of 547,161 unique sampling locations spanning the marine, freshwater and terrestrial realms. Grain size varies across datasets from 0.0000000158 km(2) (158 cm(2)) to 100 km(2) (1,000,000,000,000 cm(2)). Time period and grainBio: TIME records span from 1874 to 2016. The minimal temporal grain across all datasets in BioTIME is a year. Major taxa and level of measurement: BioTIME includes data from 44,440 species across the plant and animal kingdoms, ranging from plants, plankton and terrestrial invertebrates to small and large vertebrates.
|
|
| 4. |
- Lemasson, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Pair and single neutron transfer with Borromean He-8
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 697:5, s. 454-458
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Direct observation of the survival of Au-199 residues after 2n transfer in the He-8 + Au-197 system and the absence of the corresponding Cu-67 in the He-8 + Cu-65 system at various energies are reported. The measurements of the surprisingly large cross sections for Au-199, coupled with the integral cross sections for the various Au residues, is used to obtain the first model-independent lower limits on the ratio of 2n to in transfer cross sections from He-8 to a heavy target. A comparison of the transfer cross sections for He-6.8 on these targets highlights the differences in the interactions of these Borromean nuclei. These measurements for the most neutron-rich nuclei on different targets highlight the need to probe the reaction mechanism with various targets and represent an experimental advance towards understanding specific features of pairing in the dynamics of dilute nuclear systems.
|
|
| 5. |
- Lemasson, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Reactions with the double-Borromean nucleus 8He
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 82:4, s. 044617-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Differential cross sections for elastic-scattering and neutron-transfer reactions along with cross sections for fusion in the He-8+Cu-65 system are reported at energies above the Coulomb barrier (E-lab = 19.9 and 30.6 MeV). The present work demonstrates the feasibility of using inclusive measurements of characteristic in-beam gamma rays with low-intensity (similar to 10(5) pps) radioactive ion beams to obtain the residue cross sections for fusion and neutron transfer. Exclusive measurements of gamma rays in coincidence with light charged particles have been used to further characterize the direct reactions induced by this double-Borromean nucleus. Coupled reaction channels calculations are used to illustrate the important role played by the transfer channels and to help in understanding the influence of the structure of He-8 on the reaction mechanism.
|
|
| 6. |
- Ovejas, J. D., et al.
(författare)
-
Halo effects in the low-energy scattering of 15 C with heavy targets
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Acta Physica Polonica, Series B.. - 1509-5770 .- 0587-4254. ; 51:3, s. 731-736
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The neutron-rich carbon isotope 15C was postulated to be a halo nucleus (Sn = 1215 keV, S2n = 9395 keV) according to different high-energy experiments. If so, it would be the only halo nucleus exhibiting a "pure" s-wave structure of the ground state. At low collision energies, the effect of this halo structure should manifest as a strong absorption pattern in the angular distribution of the elastic cross section, with a total suppression of the nuclear rainbow due to the large neutron transfer and breakup probabilities, enhanced by the halo configuration. The IS619 experiment, carried out at the HIE-ISOLDE facility at CERN (Switzerland), is the first dynamical study of this nucleus at energies around the Coulomb barrier. It aims to probe the halo structure via the measurement of the elastic cross section on a high-Z 208Pb target. Preliminary results of the elastic cross section are discussed and compared to Optical Model calculations.
|
|
| 7. |
- Ovejas, J. D., et al.
(författare)
-
Study of the scattering of 15C at energies around the Coulomb barrier
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 1643:1
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The neutron rich carbon isotope 15C is the only known case of an almost "pure"2s1/2 single-neutron halo ground state configuration. At collision energies around the Coulomb barrier the reaction dynamics is expected to be dominated by single neutron transfer and breakup. To investigate these effects, we have measured the scattering of 15C with a 208Pb target at 65 MeV at the HIE-ISOLDE facility in CERN (Geneva, Switzerland). The preliminary data demonstrates the presence of a strong long-range absorption pattern in the angular distribution of the elastic cross section. The results are discussed in the framework of Optical Model calculations.
|
|
| 8. |
- Távora, V.G., et al.
(författare)
-
Strong coupling effects on near-barrier 15C + 208Pb elastic scattering
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - 0370-2693. ; 855
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presence of a neutron halo in 15C has been demonstrated in several reaction experiments at intermediate energies. In the present study, the dynamical effects of this structure are observed for the first time at Coulomb barrier energies in the 15C + 208Pb quasi-elastic scattering at MeV, measured at the HIE-ISOLDE facility, CERN using the high-granularity detector array GLORIA. A combined continuum discretised coupled channels and coupled reaction channels calculation describes the data well and significant coupling effects due both to breakup and single-neutron stripping are identified.
|
|
| 9. |
- Távora, V. G., et al.
(författare)
-
Strong coupling effects on near-barrier 15C + 208Pb elastic scattering
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - 0370-2693. ; 855
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presence of a neutron halo in 15C has been demonstrated in several reaction experiments at intermediate energies. In the present study, the dynamical effects of this structure are observed for the first time at Coulomb barrier energies in the 15C + 208Pb quasi-elastic scattering at Elab=65 MeV, measured at the HIE-ISOLDE facility, CERN using the high-granularity detector array GLORIA. A combined continuum discretised coupled channels and coupled reaction channels calculation describes the data well and significant coupling effects due both to breakup and single-neutron stripping are identified.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
- Chatterjee, A., et al.
(författare)
-
1n and 2n transfer with the borromean nucleus He-6 near the Coulomb barrier
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 101:3, s. 032701-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angular distributions for In and 2n transfer are reported for the He-6 + Cu-65 system at E-lab = 22.6 MeV. For the first time, triple coincidences between a particles, neutrons, and characteristic gamma rays from the targetlike residues were used to separate the contributions arising from In and 2n transfer. The differential cross sections for these channels, elastic scattering, and fusion were analyzed using a coupled reaction channels approach. The large measured ratio of the 2n-to-1n cross section and the strong influence of 2n transfer on other channels indicate that the dineutron configuration of He-6 plays a dominant role in the reaction mechanism.
|
|
| 12. |
- Kaess, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Twelve-month service use, suicidality and mental health problems of European adolescents after a school-based screening for current suicidality
- 2022
-
Ingår i: European child & adolescent psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-165X .- 1018-8827. ; 31:2, s. 229-238
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in adolescents and help-seeking behaviour for suicidal behaviour is low. School-based screenings can identify adolescents at risk for suicidal behaviour and might have the potential to facilitate service use and reduce suicidal behaviour. The aim of this study was to assess associations of a two-stage school-based screening with service use and suicidality in adolescents (aged 15 ± 0.9 years) from 11 European countries after one year. Students participating in the ‘Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe’ (SEYLE) study completed a self-report questionnaire including items on suicidal behaviour. Those screening positive for current suicidality (first screening stage) were invited to an interview with a mental health professional (second stage) who referred them for treatment, if necessary. At 12-month follow-up, students completed the same self-report questionnaire including questions on service use within the past year. Of the N = 12,395 SEYLE participants, 516 (4.2%) screened positive for current suicidality and were invited to the interview. Of these, 362 completed the 12-month follow-up with 136 (37.6%) self-selecting to attend the interview (screening completers). The majority of both screening completers (81.9%) and non-completers (91.6%) had not received professional treatment within one year, with completers being slightly more likely to receive it (χ2(1) = 8.948, V = 0.157, p ≤ 0.01). Screening completion was associated with higher service use (OR 2.695, se 1.017, p ≤ 0.01) and lower suicidality at follow-up (OR 0.505, se 0.114, p ≤ 0.01) after controlling for potential confounders. This school-based screening offered limited evidence for the improvement of service use for suicidality. Similar future programmes might improve interview attendance rate and address adolescents’ barriers to care.
|
|
| 13. |
- Keeley, N., et al.
(författare)
-
Mixed-habitat assimilation of organic waste in coastal environments - It's all about synergy!
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697. ; 699
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fish farms are increasingly situated in strong current sites above or near to mixed-bottom habitats that include organisms not normally considered in the context of organic enrichment. This study takes a holistic view of the benthic enrichment process by combining different survey techniques on complimentary spatial scales: conventional macrofaunal cores, larger-scale visual quantification of epibiota and environmental-DNA metabarcoding of microbial communities. A large tube forming polychaete (Arenicola marina), normally found intertidally and living too deep for conventional sampling, was observed occupying an opportunistic niche in areas of high deposition and in very close association with Capitellid worm complexes. The surface-dwelling brittlestar, Ophiocomina nigra, was abundant at distances of 250-1000 m from Farm-B, suggesting a positive response to enrichment, but was displaced where sedimentation exceed 5 g m(2) d(-1). A corresponding gradient was evident within the sediment microbial communities, supporting established theories about ecosystem engineering and multispecies synergies for organic waste assimilation. Many of the bacteria present in the near-farm sediments were linked to the farmed fish and fish health issues suggesting one or two-way inoculation pressures. These functionally different benthic organisms are intrinsically linked and the resulting synergy has the potential to assimilate significant quantities of anthropogenically produced organic waste contributing to environmental sustainability. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
|
|
| 14. |
- Kelleher, I, et al.
(författare)
-
Clinicopathological significance of psychotic experiences in non-psychotic young people: evidence from four population-based studies
- 2012
-
Ingår i: The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 1472-1465. ; 201:1, s. 26-32
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epidemiological research has shown that hallucinations and delusions, the classic symptoms of psychosis, are far more prevalent in the population than actual psychotic disorder. These symptoms are especially prevalent in childhood and adolescence. Longitudinal research has demonstrated that psychotic symptoms in adolescence increase the risk of psychotic disorder in adulthood. There has been a lack of research, however, on the immediate clinicopathological significance of psychotic symptoms in adolescence.AimsTo investigate the relationship between psychotic symptoms and non-psychotic psychopathology in community samples of adolescents in terms of prevalence, co-occurring disorders, comorbid (multiple) psychopathology and variation across early v. middle adolescence.MethodData from four population studies were used: two early adolescence studies (ages 11–13 years) and two mid-adolescence studies (ages 13–16 years). Studies 1 and 2 involved school-based surveys of 2243 children aged 11–16 years for psychotic symptoms and for emotional and behavioural symptoms of psychopathology. Studies 3 and 4 involved in-depth diagnostic interview assessments of psychotic symptoms and lifetime psychiatric disorders in community samples of 423 children aged 11–15 years.ResultsYounger adolescents had a higher prevalence (21–23%) of psychotic symptoms than older adolescents (7%). In both age groups the majority of adolescents who reported psychotic symptoms had at least one diagnosable non-psychotic psychiatric disorder, although associations with psychopathology increased with age: nearly 80% of the mid-adolescence sample who reported psychotic symptoms had at least one diagnosis, compared with 57% of the early adolescence sample. Adolescents who reported psychotic symptoms were at particularly high risk of having multiple co-occurring diagnoses.ConclusionsPsychotic symptoms are important risk markers for a wide range of non-psychotic psychopathological disorders, in particular for severe psychopathology characterised by multiple co-occurring diagnoses. These symptoms should be carefully assessed in all patients.
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
- Mulay, A. L., et al.
(författare)
-
Borderline personality disorder diagnosis in a new key
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2051-6673. ; 6:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Conceptualizations of personality disorders (PD) are increasingly moving towards dimensional approaches. The definition and assessment of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in regard to changes in nosology are of great importance to theory and practice as well as consumers. We studied empirical connections between the traditional DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for BPD and Criteria A and B of the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD). Method Raters of varied professional backgrounds possessing substantial knowledge of PDs (N = 20) characterized BPD criteria with the four domains of the Level of Personality Functioning Scale (LPFS) and 25 pathological personality trait facets. Mean AMPD values of each BPD criterion were used to support a nosological cross-walk of the individual BPD criteria and study various combinations of BPD criteria in their AMPD translation. The grand mean AMPD profile generated from the experts was compared to published BPD prototypes that used AMPD trait ratings and the DSM-5-III hybrid categorical-dimensional algorithm for BPD. Divergent comparisons with DSM-5-III algorithms for other PDs and other published PD prototypes were also examined. Results Inter-rater reliability analyses showed generally robust agreement. The AMPD profile for BPD criteria rated by individual BPD criteria was not isomorphic with whole-person ratings of BPD, although they were highly correlated. Various AMPD profiles for BPD were generated from theoretically relevant but differing configurations of BPD criteria. These AMPD profiles were highly correlated and showed meaningful divergence from non-BPD DSM-5-III algorithms and other PD prototypes. Conclusions Results show that traditional DSM BPD diagnosis reflects a common core of PD severity, largely composed of LPFS and the pathological traits of anxiousness, depressively, emotional lability, and impulsivity. Results confirm the traditional DSM criterion-based BPD diagnosis can be reliably cross-walked with the full AMPD scheme, and both approaches share substantial construct overlap. This relative equivalence suggests the vast clinical and research literatures associated with BPD may be brought forward with DSM-5-III diagnosis of BPD.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
