| 1. |
- Clark, Eric, et al.
(författare)
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The Ballad Dance of the Faeroese: Island Biocultural Geography in an Age of Globalisation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Island Studies. - 9781138014596 ; 4
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Boundary issues are central to globalisation – the expansion and time-space integration of human societies – and to both biological and cultural diversity. The latter are, in turn, intrinsically related in processes of coevolution that generate change in the patchwork quilt of cultural and natural landscapes. These processes are especially discernible in small island societies. This paper argues that island studies can enhance our understanding of globalisation processes and how these are involved in the displacement of boundaries and the historically unprecedented decline in both biological and cultural diversity.
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| 2. |
- Kelman, Ilan, et al.
(författare)
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Climate change, disasters and humanitarian action
- 2024
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Ingår i: Handbook on Humanitarianism and Inequality. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781802206555 - 9781802206548 ; , s. 338-351
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter surveys how climate change affects humanitarian action. Humanitarian actors respond to disasters and support those affected by them. This chapter defines climate change and unpicks to what extent disasters are related to climate change, what causes climate change and how it impacts on and is addressed by humanitarian actors. It addresses to what extent disasters, conflict, and forced migration are caused by climate change and provides an overview of how humanitarian actors have responded to these challenges. The chapter discusses that different regions and populations are differently affected by climate change and that inequalities in access to humanitarian aid can be noticed. After defining humanitarianism and climate change, this chapter examines three areas of humanitarian intervention: disasters, conflict, and migration. Throughout, the chapter considers how in the context of humanitarianism and climate change, inequalities matter, persist, and are perpetuated.
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| 4. |
- Matthews, Luke J., et al.
(författare)
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Collective action by community groups : solutions for climate change or different players in the same game?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Climate and Development. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1756-5529 .- 1756-5537. ; 15:8, s. 679-691
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Community groups are taking initiatives to adapt to a changing climate. These organizations differ from businesses and governments by being non-profit, often informal, resource limited, and reliant on volunteer labor. How these organizations facilitate collective action is not well known, especially since they do not necessarily solve common pool resource governance, but rather improve common pool resources through collective action. In fact, at first glance, community groups seem to not have the means for solving collective action problems used routinely in industry and government, such as paying people for cooperation or punishing them for lack of it.This article investigates how community groups solve collective action problems though data gathered across 25 organizations in three sites - Sitka, Alaska, USA; Toco, Trinidad; and a global site of distributed citizen science organizations. We found that community groups used positive reinforcement methods common to industry and used little punishment. Groups also engaged in mechanisms for collective action, such as relying on altruistic contributions by few individuals, that generally are not considered commonplace in businesses and governments. We conclude by discussing implications from this study for collective action theory and for how policymakers might learn from community groups to address climate change.
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| 5. |
- Meriläinen, Eija, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Puppeteering as a metaphor for unpacking power in participatory action research on climate change and health
- 2022
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Ingår i: Climate and Development. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1756-5529 .- 1756-5537. ; 14:5, s. 419-430
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The health impacts of climate change are distributed inequitably, with marginalized communities typically facing the direst consequences. However, the concerns of the marginalized remain comparatively invisible in research, policy and practice. Participatory action research (PAR) has the potential to centre these concerns, but due to unequal power relations among research participants, the approaches often fall short of their emancipatory ideals. To unpack how power influences the dynamics of representation in PAR, this paper presents an analytical framework using the metaphor of ‘puppeteering’. Puppeteering is a metaphor for how a researcher-activist resonates and catalyses both the voices (ventriloquism) and actions (marionetting) of a marginalized community. Two questions and continuums are central to the framework. First, who and where the puppeteer is (insider and outsider agents). Second, what puppeteering is (action and research; radical and managerial). Examples from climate change and health research provide illustrations and contextualizations throughout. A key complication for applying PAR to address the health impacts of climate change is that for marginalized communities, climate change typically remains a few layers removed from the determinants of health. The community’s priorities may be at odds with a research and action agenda framed in terms of climate change and health.
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| 6. |
- Myhre, Sonja Lynn, et al.
(författare)
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Climate Change, Community Action, and Health in the Anglophone Caribbean : A Scoping Review
- 2024
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Ingår i: Public Health Reviews. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 0301-0422 .- 2107-6952. ; 44
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This scoping review investigates the status of research focusing on the nexu of community action, climate change, and health and wellbeing in anglophone Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS).Methods: This review was guided by Arksey and O’Malley framework and utilized the PRISMA-ScR checklist. We searched Medline/OVID, PsychInfo, VHL, Sociological Abstracts, Google Scholar, and Scopus to capture interdisciplinary studies published from 1946 to 2021.Results: The search yielded 3,828 records of which fourteen studies met the eligibility criteria. The analysis assessed study aim, geographic focus, community stakeholders, community action, climate perspective, health impact, as well as dimensions including resources/assets, education/information, organization and governance, innovation and flexibility, and efficacy and agency. Nearly all studies were case studies using mixed method approaches involving qualitative and quantitative data. Community groups organized around focal areas related to fishing, farming, food security, conservation, and the environment.Conclusion: Despite the bearing these areas have on public health, few studies explicitly examine direct links between health and climate change. Research dedicated to the nexus of community action, climate change, and health in the anglophone Caribbean warrants further study.
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| 7. |
- Peters, Laura E. R., et al.
(författare)
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Toward resourcefulness : pathways for community positive health
- 2021
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Ingår i: Global Health Promotion. - : Sage Publications. - 1757-9759 .- 1757-9767. ; 29:3, s. 5-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Communities are powerful and necessary agents for defining and pursuing their health, but outside organizations often adopt community health promotion approaches that are patronizing and top-down. Conversely, bottom-up approaches that build on and mobilize community health assets are often critiqued for tasking the most vulnerable and marginalized communities to use their own limited resources without real opportunities for change. Taking into consideration these community health promotion shortcomings, this article asks how communities may be most effectively and appropriately supported in pursuing their health. This article reviews how community health is understood, moving from negative to positive conceptualizations; how it is determined, moving from a risk-factor orientation to social determination; and how it is promoted, moving from top-down to bottom-up approaches. Building on these understandings, we offer the concept of ‘resourcefulness’ as an approach to strengthen positive health for communities, and we discuss how it engages with three interrelated tensions in community health promotion: resources and sustainability, interdependence and autonomy, and community diversity and inclusion. We make practical suggestions for outside organizations to apply resourcefulness as a process-based, place-based, and relational approach to community health promotion, arguing that resourcefulness can forge new pathways to sustainable and self-sustaining community positive health.
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| 12. |
- Shannon, Geordan, et al.
(författare)
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Think global, act local : using a translocal approach to understand community-based organisations' responses to planetary health crises during COVID-19
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Lancet Planetary Health. - : Elsevier. - 2542-5196. ; 7:10, s. e850-e858
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known on how community-based responses to planetary health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, can integrate concerns about livelihoods, equity, health, wellbeing, and the environment. We used a translocal learning approach to co-develop insights on community-based responses to complex health and environmental and economic crises with leaders from five organisations working with communities at the front line of intersecting planetary health challenges in Finland, India, Kenya, Peru, and the USA. Translocal learning supports collective knowledge production across different localities in ways that value local perspectives but transcend national boundaries. There were three main findings from the translocal learning process. First, thanks to their proximity to the communities they served, community-based organisations (CBOs) can quickly identify the ways in which COVID-19 might worsen existing social and health inequities. Second, localised CBO actions are key to supporting communities with unique challenges in the face of systemic planetary health crises. Third, CBOs can develop rights-based, ecologically-minded actions responding to local priorities and mobilising available resources. Our findings show how solutions to planetary health might come from small-scale community initiatives that are well connected within and across contexts. Locally-focused globally-aware actions should be harnessed through greater recognition, funding, and networking opportunities. Globally, planetary health initiatives should be supported by applying the principles of subsidiarity and translocalism.
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| 13. |
- Watts, Nick, et al.
(författare)
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Health and climate change : policy responses to protect public health
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 386:10006, s. 1861-1914
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 2015 Lancet Commission on Health and Climate Change has been formed to map out the impacts of climate change, and the necessary policy responses, in order to ensure the highest attainable standards of health for populations worldwide. This Commission is multidisciplinary and international in nature, with strong collaboration between academic centres in Europe and China. The central finding from the Commission's work is that tackling climate change could be the greatest global health opportunity of the 21st century. The key messages from the Commission are summarised below, accompanied by ten underlying recommendations to accelerate action in the next 5 years.
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| 16. |
- Watts, Nick, et al.
(författare)
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The 2020 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change : responding to converging crises
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 397:10269, s. 129-170
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Lancet Countdown is an international collaboration established to provide an independent, global monitoring system dedicated to tracking the emerging health profile of the changing climate.The 2020 report presents 43 indicators across five sections: climate change impacts, exposures, and vulnerabilities; adaptation, planning, and resilience for health; mitigation actions and health co-benefits; economics and finance; and public and political engagement. This report represents the findings and consensus of the 35 leading academic institutions and UN agencies that make up The Lancet Countdown, and draws on the expertise of climate scientists, geographers, engineers, experts in energy, food, and transport, economists, social, and political scientists, data scientists, public health professionals, and doctors.
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| 17. |
- Watts, Nick, et al.
(författare)
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The Lancet Countdown : tracking progress on health and climate change
- 2017
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 389:10074, s. 1151-1164
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Lancet Countdown: tracking progress on health and climate change is an international, multidisciplinary research collaboration between academic institutions and practitioners across the world. It follows on from the work of the 2015 Lancet Commission, which concluded that the response to climate change could be "the greatest global health opportunity of the 21st century". The Lancet Countdown aims to track the health impacts of climate hazards; health resilience and adaptation; health co-benefits of climate change mitigation; economics and finance; and political and broader engagement. These focus areas form the five thematic working groups of the Lancet Countdown and represent different aspects of the complex association between health and climate change. These thematic groups will provide indicators for a global overview of health and climate change; national case studies highlighting countries leading the way or going against the trend; and engagement with a range of stakeholders. The Lancet Countdown ultimately aims to report annually on a series of indicators across these five working groups. This paper outlines the potential indicators and indicator domains to be tracked by the collaboration, with suggestions on the methodologies and datasets available to achieve this end. The proposed indicator domains require further refinement, and mark the beginning of an ongoing consultation process-from November, 2016 to early 2017-to develop these domains, identify key areas not currently covered, and change indicators where necessary. This collaboration will actively seek to engage with existing monitoring processes, such as the UN Sustainable Development Goals and WHO's climate and health country profiles. The indicators will also evolve over time through ongoing collaboration with experts and a range of stakeholders, and be dependent on the emergence of new evidence and knowledge. During the course of its work, the Lancet Countdown will adopt a collaborative and iterative process, which aims to complement existing initiatives, welcome engagement with new partners, and be open to developing new research projects on health and climate change.
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| 18. |
- Watts, Nick, et al.
(författare)
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The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change : from 25 years of inaction to a global transformation for public health
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 391:10120, s. 581-630
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Lancet Countdown tracks progress on health and climate change and provides an independent assessment of the health effects of climate change, the implementation of the Paris Agreement, 1 and the health implications of these actions. It follows on from the work of the 2015 Lancet Commission on Health and Climate Change, 2 which concluded that anthropogenic climate change threatens to undermine the past 50 years of gains in public health, and conversely, that a comprehensive response to climate change could be "the greatest global health opportunity of the 21st century". The Lancet Countdown is a collaboration between 24 academic institutions and intergovernmental organisations based in every continent and with representation from a wide range of disciplines. The collaboration includes climate scientists, ecologists, economists, engineers, experts in energy, food, and transport systems, geographers, mathematicians, social and political scientists, public health professionals, and doctors. It reports annual indicators across five sections: climate change impacts, exposures, and vulnerability; adaptation planning and resilience for health; mitigation actions and health co-benefits; economics and finance; and public and political engagement. The key messages from the 40 indicators in the Lancet Countdown's 2017 report are summarised below.
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| 19. |
- Zangerl, Kathrin E., et al.
(författare)
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Child health prioritisation in national adaptation policies on climate change : a policy document analysis across 160 countries
- 2024
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Ingår i: The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health. - : Elsevier. - 2352-4642. ; 8:7, s. 532-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Integration of child-specific adaptation measures into health policies is imperative given children's heightened susceptibility to the health impacts of climate change. Using a document analysis method, we examined 160 national adaptation policies for inclusion of child-relevant measures and identified 19 child health-related adaptation domains. 44 (28%) of 160 countries' policies that were analysed failed to include any domains, 49 (31%) included at least one child-related domain, 62 (39%) included between two and six domains, and five (3%) included at least seven domains. Predominant domains among child-specific adaptation measures included education and awareness raising, followed by community engagement and nutrition. No country addressed children's direct needs in the domain of mental health. National adaptation policies tend towards overly simple conceptualisations of children across four major lenses: age, social role, gender, and agency. Limited inclusion of child-specific measures in national adaptation policies suggests insufficient recognition of and action on children's susceptibility to climate change effects.
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