| 1. |
- Abazajian, Kevork, et al.
(författare)
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CMB-S4 : Forecasting Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 926:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CMB-S4—the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment—is set to significantly advance the sensitivity of CMB measurements and enhance our understanding of the origin and evolution of the universe. Among the science cases pursued with CMB-S4, the quest for detecting primordial gravitational waves is a central driver of the experimental design. This work details the development of a forecasting framework that includes a power-spectrum-based semianalytic projection tool, targeted explicitly toward optimizing constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, in the presence of Galactic foregrounds and gravitational lensing of the CMB. This framework is unique in its direct use of information from the achieved performance of current Stage 2–3 CMB experiments to robustly forecast the science reach of upcoming CMB-polarization endeavors. The methodology allows for rapid iteration over experimental configurations and offers a flexible way to optimize the design of future experiments, given a desired scientific goal. To form a closed-loop process, we couple this semianalytic tool with map-based validation studies, which allow for the injection of additional complexity and verification of our forecasts with several independent analysis methods. We document multiple rounds of forecasts for CMB-S4 using this process and the resulting establishment of the current reference design of the primordial gravitational-wave component of the Stage-4 experiment, optimized to achieve our science goals of detecting primordial gravitational waves for r > 0.003 at greater than 5σ, or in the absence of a detection, of reaching an upper limit of r < 0.001 at 95% CL.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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A transcriptional timetable of autumn senescence
- 2004
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Ingår i: Genome Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-6906 .- 1474-760X. ; 5:4, s. R24-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background We have developed genomic tools to allow the genus Populus (aspens and cottonwoods) to be exploited as a full-featured model for investigating fundamental aspects of tree biology. We have undertaken large-scale expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing programs and created Populus microarrays with significant gene coverage. One of the important aspects of plant biology that cannot be studied in annual plants is the gene activity involved in the induction of autumn leaf senescence. Results On the basis of 36,354 Populus ESTs, obtained from seven cDNA libraries, we have created a DNA microarray consisting of 13,490 clones, spotted in duplicate. Of these clones, 12,376 (92%) were confirmed by resequencing and all sequences were annotated and functionally classified. Here we have used the microarray to study transcript abundance in leaves of a free-growing aspen tree (Populus tremula) in northern Sweden during natural autumn senescence. Of the 13,490 spotted clones, 3,792 represented genes with significant expression in all leaf samples from the seven studied dates. Conclusions We observed a major shift in gene expression, coinciding with massive chlorophyll degradation, that reflected a shift from photosynthetic competence to energy generation by mitochondrial respiration, oxidation of fatty acids and nutrient mobilization. Autumn senescence had much in common with senescence in annual plants; for example many proteases were induced. We also found evidence for increased transcriptional activity before the appearance of visible signs of senescence, presumably preparing the leaf for degradation of its components.
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| 3. |
- Carina, E., et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of forest certification in Sweden : an issue of organisation and communication
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 29:5, s. 473-484
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The goal of nature conservation is often implemented on productive forest land largely by means of forest certification a market-driven, voluntary system of third-party verification of the fulfilment of specific goals. This study assesses how certification requirements are being implemented in various organisations in the forest sector at various levels, and the problems and opportunities identified at each level in order to implement the requirements of the standard. Based on interviews with 34 stakeholders in Sweden, the study demonstrates that forest certification is a communication issue: it places great demands on communication or "information logistics" between different parts of the felling and forest management chain, from the top management to the contractor in the field. Integration with environmental performance systems, clarity in the division of responsibility, formalisation of requirements for forest planning and further integration of a culture of continuous improvement and internal reporting could support implementation of the certification system.
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| 4. |
- Felton, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Replacing monocultures with mixed-species : Ecosystem service implications of two production forest alternatives in Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 45:Suppl. 2, s. 124-139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whereas there is evidence that mixed-species approaches to production forestry in general can provide positive outcomes relative to monocultures, it is less clear to what extent multiple benefits can be derived from specific mixed-species alternatives. To provide such insights requires evaluations of an encompassing suite of ecosystem services, biodiversity, and forest management considerations provided by specific mixtures and monocultures within a region. Here, we conduct such an assessment in Sweden by contrasting even-aged Norway spruce (Picea abies)-dominated stands, with mixed-species stands of spruce and birch (Betula pendula or B. pubescens), or spruce and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). By synthesizing the available evidence, we identify positive outcomes from mixtures including increased biodiversity, water quality, esthetic and recreational values, as well as reduced stand vulnerability to pest and pathogen damage. However, some uncertainties and risks were projected to increase, highlighting the importance of conducting comprehensive interdisciplinary evaluations when assessing the pros and cons of mixtures.
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| 5. |
- Felton, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Replacing monocultures with mixed-species stands : Ecosystem service implications of two production forest alternatives in Sweden
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 45, s. 124-139
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whereas there is evidence that mixed-species approaches to production forestry in general can provide positive outcomes relative to monocultures, it is less clear to what extent multiple benefits can be derived from specific mixed-species alternatives. To provide such insights requires evaluations of an encompassing suite of ecosystem services, biodiversity, and forest management considerations provided by specific mixtures and monocultures within a region. Here, we conduct such an assessment in Sweden by contrasting even-aged Norway spruce (Picea abies)-dominated stands, with mixed-species stands of spruce and birch (Betula pendula or B. pubescens), or spruce and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). By synthesizing the available evidence, we identify positive outcomes from mixtures including increased biodiversity, water quality, esthetic and recreational values, as well as reduced stand vulnerability to pest and pathogen damage. However, some uncertainties and risks were projected to increase, highlighting the importance of conducting comprehensive interdisciplinary evaluations when assessing the pros and cons of mixtures.
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Johanna, 1983-
(författare)
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Constructing and contesting the legitimacy of private forest governance : The case of forest certification in Sweden
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent decades, political scientists have devoted substantial attention to the changing role of the state towards more inclusion of non-state actors in policymaking. This deliberative turn, or move towards governance, may signal inability to handle complex problems without cooperation with nonstate actors. On the other hand, governance is frequently credited with generating legitimate decision-making processes and results. In some instances, non-governmental actors have even taken the lead in policymaking. One archetype of such private governance, which has received significant scholarly attention, is forest certification. The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is frequently described as the most democratic and therefore legitimate forest certification organization since it grants equal voting rights to three stakeholder groups in the formulation of criteria for responsible forestry: environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs), social groups (indigenous peoples and labor organizations) and forest owners. However, in Sweden, a country often described as a role model in forest certification, the FSC has increasingly received critique for failing to generate legitimate processes and results, and recently three of five ENGOs have chosen to exit the FSC organization. Such processes of de-legitimation have received little attention in the forest certification literature.This thesis therefore provides a critical assessment of the legitimacy of forest certification in Sweden. Legitimacy is analyzed through concerned stakeholders’ perceptions of both procedural qualities (input legitimacy) and problem-solving capacity (output legitimacy). This study of legitimacy is combined with an assessment of the ability of certification to enhance environmental protection, defined as changes in both forest management practices and biophysical conditions. The thesis focuses not the least on legitimacy on the local level, which is where the actual implementation takes place. Today local studies of the legitimacy of forest certification are rare.Both quantitative and qualitative research methods are applied and a number of sources are analyzed: forest monitoring data, survey data, interviews with and documents produced by the participating stakeholders. Papers I and IV analyze the perceived legitimacy of forest certification, while Papers II and III analyze forest certification schemes’ ability to enhance environmental protection.The results show that a process of de-legitimation is occurring in Swedish forest certification. In particular, certification has lost legitimacy with ENGOs, which increasingly consider Swedish forest certification to lack both input legitimacy and output legitimacy. Moreover, although the Swedish FSC standard pays attention to reindeer husbandry, the results show that reindeer herders consider themselves to have limited power to influence long-term forest planning and management (low output legitimacy). The forest industry, on the other hand, increasingly grants legitimacy to forest certification due to customer demands, which are created not the least by pressures from international ENGOs and by EU regulation. The results also show that Swedish forest companies have paid more attention to their environmental practices after obtaining certification. However, to what extent these changes result in positive environmental impacts remains uncertain, especially since forests in Sweden grow slowly, which requires analyses over time. There are also measurement problems resulting from the low certification rate among small-scale forest owners and from the fact that certified small-scale owners tend to be more active in their management.These findings highlight that research on private forest governance should not neglect the role of the state, neither as a buyer nor as a regulator. These findings also suggest that further research should pay attention to power asymmetries in private governance and develop methods for better understanding and evaluating the certification schemes’ environmental and social impacts.
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| 7. |
- Johansson, Johanna, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Coordinating and implementing multiple systems for forest management : implications of the regulatory framework for sustainable forestry in Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Natural Resources Policy Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1939-0459 .- 1939-0467. ; 6:2-3, s. 117-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The complexity of multi-level governance is well illustrated by forest management in one of Europe’s large forested states, Sweden. Deregulated government policies emphasise “freedom with responsibility,” largely expecting the forest sector to determine ways in which policy goals and legal requirements are reached. In relation to this, Sweden has become one of the countries with the largest share of forests certified by third-party organisations, such as the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), in accordance with specific environmental and social criteria. This multi-level case study draws on official documents and semi-structured interviews to analyse Swedish forest governance; specifically, the impact of multiplicity and complexity of environmental considerations on agreement over goal coordination, implementation, and evaluation for feedback and accountability. This contributes to previous research by analysing interactions between state regulation and certification at multiple levels.
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| 8. |
- Keskitalo, E. Carina H., 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptation to Climate Change in Swedish Forestry
- 2016
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Ingår i: Forests. - Basel : MDPI AG. - 1999-4907. ; 7:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adaptation to climate change in forestry has become a growing concern, in part due to the impact of storms and other events that have raised the awareness of such risks amongst forest owners. Sweden is one of Europe's most densely-forested countries, with this sector playing a major role economically. However adaptation has, to a large extent, been limited to the provision of recommendations to forest managers, most of which have only been partially implemented. This paper summarizes research with direct implications for adaptation to climate change within the forestry sector in Sweden. The focus is based in particular on providing examples of adaptations that illustrate the specific Swedish orientation to adaptation, in line with its relatively intensive forest management system. The paper thus illustrates a specific Swedish orientation to adaptation through active management, which can be contrasted with approaches to adaptation in other forestry systems, in particular those with limited management or management based on maintaining natural forests in particular.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Keskitalo, E. Carina H., 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Implementing Plant Health Regulations with Focus on Invasive Forest Pests and Pathogens : Examples from Swedish Forest Nurseries
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Human Dimensions of Forest and Tree Health. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783319769554 - 9783319769561 ; , s. 193-210
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- International trade and climate change have increased the movement potential for invasive alien species (IAS), including invasive pests and pathogens (IPPs), to the point where biological invasions are considered one of the major threats to biodiversity. However, practical implementation of plant health with regard to IAS and IPPs is difficult: regulative responsibilities are commonly spread across different authorities, and resources on the ground are often limited. Based on a legislative and literature review and semi-structured qualitative interviews (N = 7), the present study examines the possibilities and potential risks of monitoring and detection of forest invasive species in Sweden, with a particular focus on forest plant nurseries. The study thus adds practical implementation aspects concerning possibilities to limit the spread of invasive species in the plant trade.
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| 11. |
- Keskitalo, E. Carina H., 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Local consequences of applying international norms : differences in the application of forest certification in northern Sweden, northern Finland, and northwest Russia
- 2009
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Ingår i: Ecology and Society. - : Resilience Alliance Publications. - 1708-3087. ; 14:2, s. 1-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forest certification, developed in the early 1990s, is a process in which independent assessors grant use of the certification label to producers who meet certain environmental and social criteria set for their forest products. This label was quickly seen to offer a market advantage and to signal corporate social and environmental responsibility. This paper focuses on international norms pertaining to environmental and indigenous rights, as manifested in cases of Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)- and Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC)-compatible certification, and how these norms have been applied domestically and perceived locally in different states. Case studies are drawn from northern Sweden, northern Finland, and three regions in northwest Russia. The studies illustrate that the choice and implementation of certification type depend considerably on national infrastructure and market characteristics and result in substantial differences in the impact that international norms have at the local level.
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| 12. |
- Keskitalo, E. Carina H., et al.
(författare)
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Working with sustainability : Experiences of sustainability processes in Swedish municipalities
- 2012
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Ingår i: Natural resources forum (Print). - Malden, MA : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0165-0203 .- 1477-8947. ; 36:1, s. 16-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Working with sustainability goals at the local level places large requirements on developing and integrating priorities within the budgeting and organization of local government. This study reviews how selected Swedish municipalities have dealt with developing local sustainability processes, in particular in regard to the Aalborg Declaration commitments. The study highlights difficulties, including the lack of funding and staff time for clearly relating to outside sustainability documents and strategies. It also focuses on the requirement for dedicated resources to development, prioritization and follow-up of sustainability goals, especially in smaller municipalities.
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| 13. |
- Keskitalo, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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A cellular timetable of autumn senescence
- 2005
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Ingår i: Plant Physiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0032-0889 .- 1532-2548. ; 139:4, s. 1635-1648
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have studied autumn leaf senescence in a free-growing aspen (Populus tremula) by following changes in pigment, metabolite and nutrient content, photosynthesis, and cell and organelle integrity. The senescence process started on September 11, 2003, apparently initiated solely by the photoperiod, and progressed steadily without any obvious influence of other environmental signals. For example, after this date, senescing leaves accumulated anthocyanins in response to conditions inducing photooxidative stress, but at the beginning of September the leaves did not. Degradation of leaf constituents took place over an 18-d period, and, although the cells in each leaf did not all senesce in parallel, senescence in the tree as a whole was synchronous. Lutein and {beta}-carotene were degraded in parallel with chlorophyll, whereas neoxanthin and the xanthophyll cycle pigments were retained longer. Chloroplasts in each cell were rapidly converted to gerontoplasts and many, although not all, cells died. From September 19, when chlorophyll levels had dropped by 50%, mitochondrial respiration provided the energy for nutrient remobilization. Remobilization seemed to stop on September 29, probably due to the cessation of phloem transport, but, up to abscission of the last leaves (over 1 week later), some cells were metabolically active and had chlorophyll-containing gerontoplasts. About 80% of the nitrogen and phosphorus was remobilized, and on September 29 a sudden change occurred in the {delta}15N of the cellular content, indicating that volatile compounds may have been released.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Keskitalo, Johanna, 1977-
(författare)
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Constructing a timetable of autumn senescence in aspen
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During the development and lifecycle of multicellular organisms, cells have to die, and this occurs by a process called programmed cell death or PCD, which can be separated from necrosis or accidental cell death (Pennell and Lamb, 1997). Senescence is the terminal phase in the development of an organism, organ, tissue or cell, where nutrients are remobilized from the senescing parts of the plant into other parts, and the cells of the senescing organ or tissue undergo PCD if the process is not reversed in time. Leaf senescence involves cessation of photosynthesis, loss of pigments and proteins, nutrient remobilization, and degradation of the plant cells (Smart, 1994). Initiation of leaf senescence is triggered by a wide range of endogenous and environmental factors, that through unknown pathways controls the process, and regulates the expression of senescence-associated genes (SAGs) (Buchanan-Wollaston, 1997). Autumn leaf senescence in deciduous trees is regulated by photoperiod and temperature, and is an attractive experimental system for studies on senescence in perennial plants.We have studied the process of autumn senescence in a free-growing aspen (Populus tremula) by following changes in pigment, metabolite and nutrient content, photosynthesis, and cell and organelle integrity. All data were combined in a cellular timetable of autumn senescence in aspen. The senescence process started on September 11 with degradation of pigments and other leaf constituents, and once initiated, progressed steadily without being affected by the environment. Chloroplasts were rapidly degraded, and mitochondria took over energy production after chlorophyll levels had dropped by 50%. At the end of remobilization, around 29th of September, some cells were still metabolically active and had chlorophyll-containing plastids. Over 80% of nitrogen and phosphorus was remobilized, and a sudden change in the 15N of the cellular content on September 29, indicated that volatile compounds may have been released.We have also studied gene expression in autumn leaves by analysing EST sequences from two different cDNA libraries, one from autumn leaves of a field-grown aspen and the other from young, but fully expanded leaves of a green-house grown aspen. In the autumn leaf library, ESTs encoding metallothioneins, proteases, stress-related proteins and proteins involved in respiration and breakdown of macromolecules were abundant, while genes coding for photosynthetic proteins were massively downregulated. We have also identified homologues to many known senescence-associated genes in annual plants.By using Populus cDNA microarrays, we could follow changes in gene expression during the autumn over four years in the same free-growing aspen tree. We also followed changes in chlorophyll content to monitor the progression of leaf senescence. We observed a major shift in gene expression, occuring at different times the four years, that reflected a metabolic shift from photosynthetic competence to energy generation by mitochondrial respiration. Even though autumn senescence was initiated almost at the same date each year, the transcriptional timetables were different from year to year, especially for 2004, which indicates that there is no strict correlation between the transcriptional and the cellular timetables of leaf senescence.
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| 16. |
- Klapwijk, Maartje, et al.
(författare)
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Capturing complexity : Forests, decision-making and climate change mitigation action
- 2018
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Ingår i: Global Environmental Change. - : Elsevier. - 0959-3780 .- 1872-9495. ; 52, s. 238-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Managed forests can play an important role in climate change mitigation due to their capacity to sequester carbon. However, it has proven difficult to harness their full potential for climate change mitigation. Managed forests are often referred to as socio-ecological systems as the human dimension is an integral part of the system. When attempting to change systems that are influenced by factors such as collective knowledge, social organization, understanding of the situation and values represented in society, initial intentions often shift due to the complexity of political, social and scientific interactions. Currently, the scientific literature is dispersed over the different factors related to the socio-ecological system. To examine the level of dispersion and to obtain a holistic view, we review climate change mitigation in the context of Swedish forest research. We introduce a heuristic framework to understand decision-making connected to climate change mitigation. We apply our framework to two themes which span different dimensions in the socio-ecological system: carbon accounting and bioenergy. A key finding in the literature was the perception that current uncertainties regarding the reliability of different methods of carbon accounting inhibits international agreement on the use of forests for climate change mitigation. This feeds into a strategic obstacle affecting the willingness of individual countries to implement forest-related carbon emission reduction policies. Decisions on the utilization of forests for bioenergy are impeded by a lack of knowledge regarding the resultant biophysical and social consequences. This interacts negatively with the development of institutional incentives regarding the production of bioenergy using forest products. Normative disagreement about acceptable forest use further affects these scientific discussions and therefore is an over-arching influence on decision-making. With our framework, we capture this complexity and make obstacles to decision-making more transparent to enable their more effective resolution. We have identified the main research areas concerned with the use of managed forest in climate change mitigation and the obstacles that are connected to decision making.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Liljenfeldt, Johanna, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Kriterier och indikatorer på hållbar utveckling : exempel från teori och praktik
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det finns inte något universalt sätt att varken definiera hållbarhet eller att försöka mäta framstegen mot eller att hållbarhet uppnåtts. Tankar kring hållbar utveckling har varit en del av samhällsdebatten och politiken speciellt sedan år 1980, då begreppet introducerades i IUCN-rapporten World Conservation Strategy: Living resources for sustainable development (Olsson et al, 2004). Den definition som oftast citeras idag är dock den som slogs fast i Brundtland-rapporten år 1987: "Hållbar utveckling är en utveckling som tillfredsställer dagens behov utan att äventyra kommande generationers möjligheter att tillfredsställa sina behov" (NE, Internet, 2009-05-25). Idag anses hållbar utveckling oftast omfatta tre olika aspekter. För det första innebär hållbar utveckling att olika dimensioner av utveckling måste vägas samman. I allmänhet nämns här sociala, ekonomiska och ekologiska dimensioner i första hand. För det andra dyker ofta tids- och rumsförhållanden upp i diskussioner om hållbarhet. Vad gäller tidsaspekten är det här frågan om det ansvar som samhället har för kommande generationer och för att det som görs idag inte bara skall vara hållbart nu utan även leda till en hållbar framtid. Rumsförhållandet handlar om det ansvar för och påverkan som ett samhälle har på ett annat samhälles möjlighet att få en hållbar utveckling. Den tredje dimensionen som hållbarhetsbegreppet oftast innefattar relaterar till delaktighet. Detta handlar om att en hållbar utveckling bör utgå från och vara förankrad i en bred allmänhet. Det vill säga ingen enskild beslutsfattare bör på egen hand besluta om hur ett samhälles strategier för hållbarhet skall se ut. Istället kräver detta arbete att exempelvis medborgare, intresseorganisationer, privat- och offentligsektor skall samverka i detta arbete.Målet med den här rapporten är att beskriva kriterier för och indikatorer på hållbar utveckling. Studien beskriver därmed de processer och innehållsindikatorer som kan användas för att i ett praktiskt fall bedöma vilka delar och aktörer som inkluderas och prioriteras i processerna. Rapporten beskriver och sammanställer olika teoretiska och praktiska modeller med relevans för att tillämpa hållbarhetskriterier lokalt och regionalt, med målet att inkludera en bredd av hållbarhetsprocesser och exempel från mätbara och certifierbara system till generella principer. Studien lägger också specifik vikt vid system med relevans för den svenska kontexten speciellt i kommuner och regioner. 2Med ovanstående i åtanken kommer upplägget i den här texten därför inte att vara att försöka ge svar på vad exakt hållbar utveckling eller indikatorer på det samma är. Istället kommer här att presenteras hur begreppen mer allmänt definieras samt ges förslag på hur man kan se på och kategorisera hållbar utveckling samt på hur man kan se på, kategorisera och ta fram indikatorer för hållbar utveckling (HUT-indikatorer). Ett axplock från den stora skara av lednings- och styrsystem som finns idag kommer även att beskrivas.
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| 19. |
- Liljenfeldt, Johanna, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Regionala och kommunala mål för hållbarhetsarbete i Umeåregionen
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under 2008-2010 samverkade sex kommuner i Umeåregionen ("Hållbara Umeåregionen") runt försök att genomföra Ålborgåtagandena om hållbar utveckling – en process som kommunerna och kommunförbundet inbjudit forskning om. Inom ramen för projektet har de sex kommunerna antagit lokala hållbarhetsstrategier med kommunvisa prioriteringar. Dessa prioriteringar diskuterades inom Umeåregionssamarbetet för att eventuellt samordnas och för att nå prioriteringar som ses som lämpliga både i individuella kommuner och i regionen som helhet. Förutom arbetet på kommunal nivå och inom samarbetet existerar också regionala mål i Västerbottens län samt inom den privata sektorn (Tillväxtalliansen).Sammanvägningen och prioriteringen av hållbarhetsmål är komplex både i termer av vilka aktörer som ska ingå och vilka roller dessa tar, samt genom arbetet med de breda sociala, ekonomiska och miljömässiga mål som Ålborgåtagandena ställer. Detta möjliggör ett stort antal olika prioriteringar, med olika nivå av regionalisering av beslut, där även andra teoretiska och praktiska kriterier för hållbarhet kan spela in.Målet med den här rapporten är att undersöka och beskrivaregionens och kommunernas förutsättningar samt arbete med Ålborgåtagandena inom Hållbara Umeåregionsprocessen.Vilka prioriteringsdokument existerar på regional samt kommunal nivå angående hållbarhetsfrågor?Vilka prioriteringar inom hållbarhetsarbete utvecklades under Hållbara Umeåregionsprojektet?Studien beskriver därmed ett komplext fall av regionalt arbete med hållbar utveckling i praktiken. Rapporten beskriver existerande mål och prioriteringar i olika dokument på regionala nivåer, kommunal nivå och slutligen under Ålborgsamarbetet.
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| 20. |
- Mårald, Erland, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Forest governance and management across time : developing a new forest social contract
- 2017
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of the past, and of the future on current-time tradeoffs in the forest arena are particularly relevant given the long-term successions in forest landscapes and the hundred years' rotations in forestry. Historically established path dependencies and conflicts determine our present situation and delimit what is possible to achieve. Similarly, future trends and desires have a large influence on decision making. Nevertheless, decisions about forest governance and management are always made in the present – in the present-time appraisal of the developed situation, future alternatives and in negotiation between different perspectives, interests, and actors.This book explores historic and future outlooks as well as current tradeoffs and methods in forest governance and management. It emphasizes the generality and complexity with empirical data from Sweden and internationally. It first investigates, from a historical perspective, how previous forest policies and discourses have influenced current forest governance and management. Second, it considers methods to explore alternative forest futures and how the results from such investigations may influence the present. Third, it examines current methods of balancing tradeoffs in decision-making among ecosystem services. Based on the findings the authors develop an integrated approach – Reflexive Forestry – to support exchange of knowledge and understandings to enable capacity building and the establishment of common ground. Such societal agreements, or what the authors elaborate as forest social contracts, are sets of relational commitment between involved actors that may generate mutual action and a common directionality to meet contemporary challenges.
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| 21. |
- Westerhoff, Lisa, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Planned adaptation measures in industrialised countries : a comparison of select countries within and outside the EU
- 2010
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Ingår i: Developing Adaptation Policy and Pracitce in Europe. - Berlin : Springer. - 9789048193257 - 9789048193240 ; , s. 271-338
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter provides a context for the discussion on the emergence of adaptation measures in the four case studies presented in this volume through a brief discussion of the ways in which planned adaptations are being developed in eight European countries Adaptation actions at different levels in Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, the Netherlands, Norway and Spain are described in order to provide an illustration of adaptation measures in a range of countries representing differing structural contexts, modes of decentralisation and histories of engagement in environmental policy An additional section on planned adaptation as it has manifested in Canada and Australia is also presented to provide further ground for comparison with countries outside the European context Results show a tenuous link between the extent to which countries have engaged in adaptation and their environmental policy implementation record, though some interesting links between environmental policy institutions and adaptation can be made The extent to which unitary and federal nations have decentralised responsibility to sub-national tiers is shown to have an impact on the way in which regions and local authorities have engaged in adaptation The role of both NGOs and the European Union is shown to be of significance to regional and local governments, as well as those countries who have not yet extensively engaged in adaptation at the national scale.
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