| 1. |
- Kjellander, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Validating a common tick survey method : cloth-dragging and line transects
- 2021
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Ingår i: Experimental & applied acarology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0168-8162 .- 1572-9702. ; 83:1, s. 131-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cloth-dragging is the most widely-used method for collecting and counting ticks, but there are few studies of its reliability. By using cloth-dragging, we applied a replicated line transects survey method, in two areas in Sweden with different Ixodes ricinus tick-densities (low at Grimso and high at Bogesund) to evaluate developmental stage specific repeatability, agreement and precision in estimates of tick abundance. 'Repeatability' was expressed as the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), 'agreement' with the Total Deviation Index (TDI) and 'precision' by the coefficient of variation (CV) for a given dragging distance. Repeatability (ICC) and agreement (TDI) were higher for the most abundant instar (nymphs) and in the area of higher abundance. At Bogesund tick counts were higher than at Grimso and so also repeatability, with fair to substantial ICC estimates between 0.22 and 0.75, and TDI ranged between 1 and 44.5 counts of difference (thus high to moderate agreement). At Grimso, ICC was poor to moderate and ranged between 0 and 0.59, whereas TDI remained low with estimates lower or equal to 1 count (thus high agreement). Despite a 100-fold lower abundance at Grimso, the same level of precision for nymphs could be achieved with a 70% increase of dragging effort. We conclude that the cloth-dragging technique is useful for surveying ticks' and primarily to estimate abundance of the nymphal stage, whereas it rarely will be recommended for larvae and adults.
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| 2. |
- Aikens, Ellen O., et al.
(författare)
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Wave-like Patterns of Plant Phenology Determine Ungulate Movement Tactics
- 2020
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Ingår i: Current Biology. - Cambridge : Cell Press. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 30:17, s. 3444-3449
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Animals exhibit a diversity of movement tactics [1]. Tracking resources that change across space and time is predicted to be a fundamental driver of animal movement [2]. For example, some migratory ungulates (i.e., hooved mammals) closely track the progression of highly nutritious plant green-up, a phenomenon called "green-wave surfing" [3-5]. Yet general principles describing how the dynamic nature of resources determine movement tactics are lacking [6]. We tested an emerging theory that predicts surfing and the existence of migratory behavior will be favored in environments where green-up is fleeting and moves sequentially across large landscapes (i.e., wave-like green-up) [7]. Landscapes exhibiting wave-like patterns of green-up facilitated surfing and explained the existence of migratory behavior across 61 populations of four ungulate species on two continents (n = 1,696 individuals). At the species level, foraging benefits were equivalent between tactics, suggesting that each movement tactic is fine-tuned to local patterns of plant phenology. For decades, ecologists have sought to understand how animals move to select habitat, commonly defining habitat as a set of static patches [8, 9]. Our findings indicate that animal movement tactics emerge as a function of the flux of resources across space and time, underscoring the need to redefine habitat to include its dynamic attributes. As global habitats continue to be modified by anthropogenic disturbance and climate change [10], our synthesis provides a generalizable framework to understand how animal movement will be influenced by altered patterns of resource phenology.© 2020 Elsevier Inc.
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| 3. |
- Alm Bergvall, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Nationella och internationella erfarenheter av inventeringsmetoder för vildsvinsskador : en kunskapssammanställning
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vildsvinet är en inhemsk art som producerar ekosystemtjänster till gagn för människor och natur samtidigt som de orsakar skador och därmed kostnader för lantbruket. I syfte att skapa en grund för en utveckling av tillförlitliga, praktiska och kostnadseffektiva skadeinventeringsmetoder, presenteras här ett kunskapsunderlag kring befintliga metoder för hur jordbruksskador inventeras och värderas. I rapporten sammanställs både internationell vetenskaplig litteratur och nationella metodbeskrivningar från en rad länder med liknande förhållanden som de svenska. Sammanfattningsvis används fyra olika huvudtyper av inventeringsmetoder eller kombinationer av dessa: enkätundersökning, markbaserad inventering, luftbaserad inventering med manuell avläsning, samt luftbaserad inventering med automatisk avläsning. Befintliga markbaserade metoder bör testas avseende noggrannhet och repeterbarhet, samt i vilken utsträckning de kan effektiviseras genom att kompletteras med drönar- eller satellitbilder. Automatiserade metoder med olika typer av optiska instrument och mjukvara bör också utvärderas i vilken mån de fungerar under svenska förhållanden och för olika grödor. Flera studier pekar på att stickprovsbaserade besiktningar kan behöva en referens i form av burar, hägn eller gårdar samt att totalinventeringar med hjälp av fjärranalys kan behöva kompletteras med markkontroller beroende på upplösningen i de bilder som används. I metodbeskrivningarna poängteras vikten av att samtliga parter har förtroende för valda kvantifieringsmetoder, och att detta uppnås genom gedigen kunskap hos, och kontinuerlig vidareutbildning av besiktningspersonerna. Vidare bör enkäter utformas och användas med stor kunskap om statistisk metodik. Flera vetenskapliga studier tar upp att omfattningen av skador kan påverkas av tidpunkten för skadegörelsen, och att det är centralt att också mäta följdskador i form av maskinskador och kasserat foder. Vi föreslår en satsning på att utveckla standardiserade och kvalitetssäkrade metoder med hög acceptans, samtidigt som man utvecklar ett användarvänligt rapporteringssystem som använder sig av information från den nationella blockdatabasen. Det är troligen avgörande för ett framgångsrikt rapporteringssystem att plattformen är enkel och inte för betungande för den enskilde lantbrukaren. Vi föreslår också en samordning mellan inventering på lokal, regional och nationell nivå och sannolikt även inrättande av referensgårdar.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Alm Bergvall, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Settle Down! Ranging Behaviour Responses of Roe Deer to Different Capture and Release Methods
- 2021
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Ingår i: Animals. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-2615. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simple Summary The study of animal movement in wild, free ranging species is fundamental for advancing knowledge on ecosystem relationships and for conservation. The deployment of bio-logging devices to this purpose (often GPS-collars in large mammals) requires relatively invasive procedures, such as capture, handling and release. Capture and manipulation cause behavioural modifications that are largely understudied in wild species and may affect both the welfare of animals and the output of the studies. We evaluated post capture and release ranging behaviour responses of a small deer species (roe deer Capreolus capreolus) for five different capture methods across 14 study sites within the EURODEER collaborative project. Roe deer showed modifications in their movement behaviour, independently of the capture method. However, individuals recovered rapidly, converging towards the average behaviour within a relatively short interval of time (between 10 days and one month), demonstrating a general resilience to such stressful events. We encourage researchers to continually adapt capture and handling methods so as to minimize stress and prioritize animal welfare. The fitting of tracking devices to wild animals requires capture and handling which causes stress and can potentially cause injury, behavioural modifications that can affect animal welfare and the output of research. We evaluated post capture and release ranging behaviour responses of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) for five different capture methods. We analysed the distance from the centre of gravity and between successive locations, using data from 14 different study sites within the EURODEER collaborative project. Independently of the capture method, we observed a shorter distance between successive locations and contextual shift away from the home range centre of gravity after the capture and release event. However, individuals converged towards the average behaviour within a relatively short space of time (between 10 days and one month). If researchers investigate questions based on the distance between successive locations of the home range, we recommend (1) initial investigation to establish when the animals start to behave normally again or (2) not using the first two to three weeks of data for their analysis. We also encourage researchers to continually adapt methods to minimize stress and prioritize animal welfare wherever possible, according to the Refinement of the Three R's.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Alm Bergvall, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Vigilance adjustments in relation to long- and short term risk in wild fallow deer (Dama dama)
- 2016
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Ingår i: Behavioural Processes. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-6357 .- 1872-8308. ; 128, s. 58-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The risk allocation hypothesis predicts that vigilance should be adjusted to the temporal variation in risk. We test this hypothesis in wild fallow deer exposed to short term (disturbance) and long term (presence of a fawn after parturition) changes in risk. We recorded the proportion, frequency and type of vigilance and size of used area before and after parturition, in GPS-collared wild female fallow deer. Vigilance was divided in two main groups: non-grazing vigilance and grazing vigilance. The latter group was divided into grazing vigilance while chewing and a grazing vigilance when chewing was interrupted. By recording external disturbance in form of passing cars, we were able to investigate if this altered the amount, and type of vigilance. We found that females increased the proportion and frequency of grazing vigilance stop chewing after parturition. The grazing vigilance chewing was unaffected, but non-grazing vigilance decreased. Disturbance increased the proportion grazing vigilance stop chewing to the same extent before and after parturition. We found a clear decrease in female home range size after parturition as a possible behavioural adjustment. The increase in grazing vigilance stop chewing after parturition is a rarely described but expected cost of reproduction.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Martin O., et al.
(författare)
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Molecular detection of Babesia capreoli and Babesia venatorum in wild Swedish roe deer, Capreolus capreolus
- 2016
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Ingår i: Parasites & Vectors. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1756-3305. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The epidemiology of the zoonotic tick-transmitted parasite Babesia spp. and its occurrence in wild reservoir hosts in Sweden is unclear. In European deer, several parasite species, including Babesia capreoli and the zoonotic B. venatorum and B. divergens has been reported previously. The European roe deer, Capreolus capreolus, is an important and common part of the indigenous fauna in Europe, as well as an important host for Ixodes ricinus ticks, the vector of several Babesia spp. in Europe. Here, we aimed to investigate the occurrence of Babesia spp. in roe deer in Sweden. Findings: Roe deer (n = 77) were caught and sampled for blood. Babesia spp. was detected with a PCR assay targeting the 18S rRNA gene. The prevalence of Babesia spp. was 52 %, and two species were detected; B. capreoli and B. venatorum in 44 and 7.8 % of the individuals, respectively. Infection occurred both in summer and winter. Conclusions: We showed that roe deer in Sweden, close to the edge of their northern inland distributional range, are infected with Babesia spp. The occurrence of B. venatorum in roe deer imply that it is established in Sweden and the zoonotic implication of this finding should be regarded to a greater extent in future.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Andren, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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De stora rovdjurens effekter på annat vilt och tamren
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den teoretiska bakgrunden ger en beskrivning av termer och fackuttryck, samt beskrivningar av hur olika faktorer påverkar relationerna mellan rovdjur och bytesdjur. Termen predator är synonymt med rovdjur, medan termen predation står för den process som består av dödande och konsumtion av bytesdjur, och omfattningen av den dödlighet hos bytesdjuren som rovdjuret orsakar. Rovdjurens påverkan på bytespopulationer varierar mellan områden och över tid, samtidigt som rovdjuren själva påverkas av bytespopulationerna. Rovdjur-bytesdjurssystemen är alltså inte bara dynamiska utan också interaktiva, d.v.s. de påverkar varandra. Rovdjurens påverkan på bytespopulationen beror i princip på fem faktorer: (1) bytespopulationens storlek, (2) bytespopulationens produktivitet/tillväxttakt, (3) rovdjurspopulationens storlek, (4) rovdjurspopulationens produktivitet/tillväxttakt samt (5) antalet bytesdjur tagna per rovdjur och tidsenhet (den s.k. funktionella responsen). Predation är ofta en kombination av additiv och kompensatorisk dödlighet. Med additiv dödlighet menar man att predationen läggs ovanpå (adderas till) annan dödlighet, med kompensatorisk dödlighet menar man att predationen ersätter annan typ av dödlighet. Ju större andel av predationen som är additiv desto större blir effekterna på bytesdjuren. Rovdjuren kan påverka sina bytesdjur inte bara genom direkt predation utan även genom att bytesdjuren ändrar sitt beteende i närvaron av rovdjuren. Rovdjuren är en del av ekosystemet, som förenklat består av producenter (växter), primärkonsumenter (växtätare) och sekundärkonsumenter (predatorer). Dessa delar kan också beskrivas som olika trofinivåer i ekosystemet. En mer komplex beskrivning av ett ekosystem är att arter är ordnade i ett nätverk av interaktioner både mellan och inom trofiska nivåer, s.k. näringsvävar. I komplexa näringsvävar ökar antalet interaktioner mellan arter både inom trofinivåer och mellan trofinivåer, vilket försvagar specifika interaktioner mellan enskilda arter. I Sverige saknas stora områden som är helt opåverkade av mänskliga aktiviteter, vilket gör människan till den viktigaste aktören för storskalig påverkan på ekosystem över hela landet. Människan påverkar ekosystemet på många sätt, t.ex. genom markanvändning, jakt, andra ingrepp och förvaltningsåtgärder, och kan helt förändra dynamiken mellan rovdjur och bytesdjur.Även ett kortfaktablad om rovdjurens effekter finns att ladda ned.Hur påverkar de stora rovdjuren bytesdjurens populationer?Grimsö forskningsstation vid Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU) har för Naturvårdsverkets räkning gjort en översikt av kunskapsläget om hur de stora rovdjuren påverkar de bytesdjur de jagar, det vill säga vilt och tamren. Hela rapporten, De stora rovdjurens effekter på annat vilt och tamren, kan du läsa här, eller på Naturvårdsverkets hemsida.
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| 11. |
- Andren, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of supplemental feeding on habitat and crop selection by wild boar in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Ethology Ecology & Evolution. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0394-9370 .- 1828-7131. ; 35, s. 106-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The wild boar population has increased rapidly during the last 2 decades in Southern and Central Sweden. This rise in population size has caused severe damages to agricultural fields through their foraging behavior. Given the hierarchical nature of habitat and resource selection, wildlife management needs to understand the selection on both levels to better understand the ecology of nuisance species and mitigate the damages they infer. Thus, there is an urgent need for more knowledge on the factors that influence habitat selection as a tool in the evidence-based management of wild boar to reduce the losses they cause in the agricultural sector. This study aims to evaluate a common management action (feeding stations) influencing wild boar selection of (1) habitats and (2) resources i.e., crop types, in South-Central Sweden during summer. Eleven wild boars were fitted with GPS/GSM-collars to record movement among different habitats and crops. Wild boar shows a high preference for clear-cuts, agricultural fields, and deciduous forests. The animals showed a high preference for crop fields with oat, spring wheat, and mixed crops. A binary logistic model revealed both a positive and negative significant influence of distance to feeding stations on the selection of different habitats and crop fields. In general, feeding stations influenced the selection of different habitats and crops negatively i.e., the closer a habitat or crop field is to a feeding station, the higher the likelihood of its selection. The study recommends adjustments to wild boar management and cropping systems to reduce damages on highly selected crop fields.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Augustsson, Evelina, et al.
(författare)
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Density-dependent dinner: Wild boar overuse agricultural land at high densities
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal of Wildlife Research. - 1612-4642 .- 1439-0574. ; 70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish wild boar (Sus scrofa) population has increased rapidly over the last decades, resulting in conflicts with human activities. Particularly, the increase has been challenging for agriculture as wild boar cause damage on crops and grasslands. To predict under what conditions to expect damage and where to prioritize management actions, basic knowledge about wild boar habitat and space use is needed. In this study, we used data from 99 wild boar equipped with GPS-collars, collected over a large temporal scale and throughout their distributional range in southern Sweden. We investigated wild boar home range size and habitat use across gradients of habitat availability and population density. Functional response in habitat use was assessed by estimating the use and availability of agricultural land on individual level and then, on population-level evaluating how use changed with changing availability. Finally, a potential response in habitat use was evaluated in relation to population density, i.e., the interaction between availability and population density. Home range size was negatively related to population density for both male and female wild boar. Wild boar used agricultural land more intensively with increasing population density and when other habitat types were less available. Our findings show that wild boar spatial behavior is highly context dependent and may vary considerably due to landscape characteristics and local conditions. Wild boars tend to overuse agricultural land at high densities which has strong implications for wildlife management. It is therefore important to consider local conditions when predicting space and habitat use by wild boar. Overall, this study provided a better understanding of the drivers of wild boar distribution and space use in agro-forested mosaic landscapes and how this knowledge can improve management practices.
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| 15. |
- Bergvall, Ulrika A., 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Chemical Immobilization of Free-ranging Fallow Deer (Dama dama) : Effect of Needle Length on Induction Time
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Wildlife Diseases. - : Wildlife Disease Association. - 0090-3558 .- 1943-3700. ; 51:2, s. 484-487
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We evaluated impact of the needle length, sex, and body condition on chemical immobilization induction time in 50 (29 males and 21 females) free-ranging fallow deer (Dama dama) in Sweden, 2006-11. Induction time is probably the single most important factor when immobilizing free-ranging wildlife with the use of a remote drug-delivery system. Induction times should be short to minimize stress and risk of injury, and to ensure that immobilized animals can be found and clinically monitored as soon as possible. We measured the distance between the darting location and where we recovered the immobilized animal and also the time occurring between the two events. We used two types of needles: 2.0 × 30- or 2.0 × 40-mm barbed needles with side ports. The most important result is that a 10-mm-longer dart needle can reduce the retrieval time substantially (>20 min) until an animal is under monitoring. On average after the darting, the retrieval time decreased from 51 to 29 min and the distance decreased from 519 m from the darting location to 294 m. We suggest that a needle length of 40 mm is preferable for immobilization of wild fallow deer, especially for animals in over-average-to-fat body condition.
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| 16. |
- Bergvall, Ulrika A., et al.
(författare)
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Personality and foraging decisions in fallow deer, Dama dama
- 2011
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Ingår i: Animal Behaviour. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-3472 .- 1095-8282. ; 81:1, s. 101-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies have examined the ecological and evolutionary bases for variation in animal personality. However, only a few such studies have examined how foraging parameters are influenced by different personality domains. In wild ungulates, the trade-off between the time spent on food intake and antipredator behaviour differs between individuals, but the underlying reason for this is not yet well understood. One possibility is that this trade-off reflects personality dimensions such as boldness. To relate foraging decisions to personality we measured personality and performed feeding experiments with familiar and novel food in familiar and novel situations. We measured personality traits in 15 tame fallow deer, using novel object tests (NO), behavioural observations (BO) and personality ratings (PR). Boldness dimensions were found using PR and NO, dominance dimensions were found using BO and PR, and a flexibility dimension was found using BO. Multitrait–multimethod analysis showed that similar dimensions were significantly correlated across different methods and that different dimensions were not significantly correlated, even if measured using the same method. We also found that novel food eaten in familiar situations and familiar food eaten in novel situations were strongly related to boldness but not dominance, flexibility or age. Thus the trade-off between the benefits of gaining more food and the costs of reduced vigilance or increased toxin ingestion reflect boldness. These findings highlight the nature of personality dimensions in ungulates and how boldness impacts foraging behaviour.
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| 17. |
- Bergvall, Ulrika A., et al.
(författare)
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The use of box-traps for wild roe deer : behaviour, injuries and recaptures
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Wildlife Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1612-4642 .- 1439-0574. ; 63:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tracking devices are commonly used to locate and monitor wild animals for studying spatial ecology and survival rates. There is growing interest in capture effects, partially to minimize the impact on the study species, but also for animal welfare reasons. This study aims to examine roe deer behaviour in box-traps, when restrained, when released and during recaptures to quantify injuries and deaths over a period of 41 years. We use data from 2911 captures from 926 individuals between 1973 and 2014. We recorded behaviour inside the box-traps over two seasons. We also recorded behavioural data from 671 catches of 346 individuals during six seasons to study habituation. Additionally, we discuss box-traps in relation to ethological theory and animal welfare. Over a 41-year period, one roe deer suffering from starvation was found dead in a trap (0.035%), which cannot be solely related to capture (N = 926). About 58% of all roe deer were recaptured at least once during their life time. There was a low prevalence of injuries (0.5% of the captures, N = 2911), and they occurred predominately to the nose or antlers in velvet (in males). During the first hour after capture, animals typically stand very tense between eating bouts. Thereafter, the deer tended to move more softly and exhibited resting behaviours (e.g. lying down). Overall, we conclude that this method of capture and handling had very low impact on the welfare or survival of roe deer, which also habituated to recapture over successive events.
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| 18. |
- Bhardwaj, Manisha, et al.
(författare)
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Inducing fear using acoustic stimuli-A behavioral experiment on moose (Alces alces) in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prey species may display anti-predatory behavior, i.e., flight, increased vigilance, and decreased feeding, in response to the true presence of a predator or to the implied presence of a predator through, e.g., acoustic cues. In this study, we investigated the anti-predatory reactions of moose (Alces alces) to acoustic stimuli related to hunting, at saltlick stones, a known attractant. In before-during-after-control-impact experiments, we compared the behavioral responses of individuals to: (i) two hunting-related acoustic stimuli-hunting dog barking and human speaking; (ii) nonpredatory acoustic stimuli-bird sounds and; and (iii) no acoustic stimulus (control). We asked: (1) How does the probability of moose leaving the site differ depending on the stimulus they are exposed to?; (2) What affect do the acoustic stimuli have on the amount of time moose spend vigilant, feeding, or away from the site?; and (3) What affect do the stimuli have on the time between events at a site? We found that when exposed to the human stimulus, moose left the sites in 75% of the events, which was significantly more often compared to the dog (39%), bird (24%), or silent (11%) events. If moose did not leave the site, they spent more time vigilant, and less time feeding, particularly when exposed to a dog or human stimulus. Furthermore, moose spent the most time away from the site and took the longest to visit the site again after a human stimulus. Moose were also more likely to leave the site when exposed to the bird stimulus than during silent controls. Those that remained spent more time vigilant, but their behaviors returned to baseline after the bird stimulus ended. These findings suggest that acoustic stimuli can be used to modify the behavior of moose; however, reactions towards presumably threatening and nonthreatening stimuli were not as distinct as we had expected.
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| 19. |
- Bonnot, Nadège, et al.
(författare)
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Stick or twist: roe deer adjust their flight behaviour to the perceived trade-off between risk and reward
- 2017
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Ingår i: Animal Behaviour. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-3472 .- 1095-8282. ; 124, s. 35-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Because avoiding predation is crucial for fitness, foraging animals must trade acquisition of high-quality resources against risk avoidance when the best resources occur in locations with high predation risk. Although optimality models predict the distance at which an animal should initiate vigilance and flight, many studies have shown that animals generally flee soon after detecting an approaching threat, supporting the 'flush early and avoid the risk' (FEAR) hypothesis. Despite this, flight behaviour varies markedly depending on context, suggesting some behavioural plasticity in the response of prey to a given threat. We evaluated the degree of plasticity in the flight responses of roe deer, Capreolus capreolus, a highly flexible species which thrives in human-dominated landscapes. Based on individually identifiable animals and a standardized flight initiation protocol, we measured the distance at which a deer detected an approaching threat, and the distance at which it subsequently initiated flight. Our results provide strong support for the FEAR hypothesis, suggesting that alert and flight responses are strongly coupled in roe deer. However, the perceived level of both risk (in terms of landscape openness and proximity to human infrastructure) and reward (in terms of habitat quality) influenced the time it took for a deer to detect an approaching threat, and the subsequent time for which the threat was tolerated prior to flight. Overall, our findings indicate that although roe deer minimize monitoring costs when assessing risk by fleeing early, they also adjust their monitoring and flight responses to the local risk-resource trade-off. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
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| 20. |
- Bonnot, Nadège, et al.
(författare)
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Who’s afraid of the big bad wolf? : Variation in the stress response among personalities and populations in a large wild herbivore
- 2018
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Ingår i: Oecologia. - Amsterdam : Springer. - 0029-8549 .- 1432-1939. ; 188:1, s. 85-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Faced with rapid environmental changes, individuals may express different magnitude and plasticity in their response to a given stressor. However, little is known about the causes of variation in phenotypic plasticity of the stress response in wild populations. In the present study, we repeatedly captured individual roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) from two wild populations in Sweden exposed to differing levels of predation pressure and measured plasma concentrations of stress-induced cortisol and behavioral docility. While controlling for the marked effects of habituation, we found clear between-population differences in the stress-induced cortisol response. Roe deer living in the area that was recently recolonized by lynx (Lynx lynx) and wolves (Canis lupus) expressed cortisol levels that were around 30% higher than roe deer in the human-dominated landscape free of large carnivores. In addition, for the first time to our knowledge, we investigated the stress-induced cortisol response in free-ranging newborn fawns and found no evidence for hypo-responsiveness during early life in this species. Indeed, stress-induced cortisol levels were of similar magnitude and differed between populations to a similar extent in both neonates and adults. Finally, at an individual level, we found that both cortisol and docility levels were strongly repeatable, and weakly negatively inter-correlated, suggesting that individuals differed consistently in how they respond to a stressor, and supporting the existence of a stress-management syndrome in roe deer. © 2018, The Author(s).
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| 21. |
- Borg, O., et al.
(författare)
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Expansion of spatial and host range of Puumala virus in Sweden : an increasing threat for humans?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Epidemiology and Infection. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0950-2688 .- 1469-4409. ; 145:8, s. 1642-1648
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hantaviruses are globally distributed and cause severe human disease. Puumala hantavirus (PUUV) is the most common species in Northern Europe, and the only hantavirus confirmed to circulate in Sweden, restricted to the northern regions of the country. In this study, we aimed to further add to the natural ecology of PUUV in Sweden by investigating prevalence, and spatial and host species infection patterns. Specifically, we wanted to ascertain whether PUUV was present in the natural reservoir, the bank vole (Myodes glareolus) further south than Dalälven river, in south-central Sweden, and whether PUUV can be detected in other rodent species in addition to the natural reservoir. In total, 559 animals were collected at Grimsö (59°43'N; 15°28'E), Sala (59°55'N; 16°36'E) and Bogesund (59°24'N; 18°14'E) in south-central Sweden between May 2013 and November 2014. PUUV ELISA-reactive antibodies were found both in 2013 (22/295) and in 2014 (18/264), and nine samples were confirmed as PUUV-specific by focus reduction neutralization test. Most of the PUUV-specific samples were from the natural host, the bank vole, but also from other rodent hosts, indicating viral spill-over. Finally, we showed that PUUV is present in more highly populated central Sweden.
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| 22. |
- Chapron, Guillaume, et al.
(författare)
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Misuse of Scientific Data in Wolf Policy
- 2013
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 339, s. 1521-1521
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 23. |
- Chiappa, Giulia, et al.
(författare)
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A Novel High Discriminatory Protocol for the Detection of Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Stricto and Borrelia garinii in Ticks
- 2022
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Ingår i: Pathogens. - : MDPI. - 2076-0817. ; 11:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bacteria of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex are the causative agents of Lyme borreliosis (LB). Even if the conventional diagnosis of LB does not rely on the species itself, an accurate species identification within the complex will provide a deepened epidemiological scenario, a better diagnosis leading to a more targeted therapeutic approach, as well as promote the general publics awareness. A comparative genomics approach based on the 210 Borrelia spp. genomes available in 2019 were used to set up three species-specific PCR protocols, able to detect and provide species typing of Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.) and Borrelia garinii, the three most common and important human pathogenic Lyme Borrelia species in Europe. The species-specificity of these protocols was confirmed on previously identified B. afzelii, B. burgdorferi s.s. and B. garinii specimens detected in Ixodes ricinus samples. In addition, the protocols were validated on 120 DNA samples from ticks collected in Sweden, showing 88% accuracy, 100% precision, 72% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The proposed approach represents an innovative tool in epidemiological studies focused on B. burgdorferi s.l. occurrence in ticks, and future studies could suggest its helpfulness in routine diagnostic tests for health care.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Debeffe, L., et al.
(författare)
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Short- and long-term repeatability of docility in the roe deer: sex and age matter
- 2015
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Ingår i: Animal Behaviour. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-3472 .- 1095-8282. ; 109, s. 53-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Behavioural consistency is a key assumption when evaluating how between-individual differences in behaviour influence life history tactics. Hence, understanding how and why variation in behavioural repeatability occurs is crucial. While analyses of behavioural repeatability are common, few studies of wild populations have investigated variation in repeatability in relation to individual status (e.g. sex, age, condition) and over different timescales. Here, we aimed to fill this gap by assessing within-population variation in the repeatability of docility, as assessed by the individual’s response to human handling, in a free-ranging population of European roe deer, Capreolus capreolus. Docility was an equally repeatable behaviour at both short- and long-term timescales, suggesting that this behavioural trait is stable across time. Repeatability did not differ markedly between age and sex categories but tended to be higher in juvenile males than in juvenile females. Finally, contrary to expectation, individual variation in the repeatability of docility was not correlated with individual body mass. Further studies are required to assess the life history consequences of the individual variation in docility we report here.
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