| 1. |
- Meister, Anette, et al.
(författare)
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Mixing behaviour of a symmetrical single-chain bolaamphiphile with phospholipids
- 2007
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Ingår i: Soft Matter. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1744-683X .- 1744-6848. ; 3:8, s. 1025-1031
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mixing behavior of the sym. long-chain bolaamphiphile dotriacontane-1,1'-diyl-bis-[2-(trimethylammonio)ethylphosphate] (PC-C32-PC) with conventional phospholipids (DPPC, DMPC, and POPC) was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and transmission electron microscopy. PC-C32-PC by itself forms nanofibers at room temp., which convert to micellar aggregates at higher temps. The length of the bolaamphiphile corresponds roughly to the thickness of a lipid bilayer. However, a significant insertion of the bolaamphiphile into the phospholipid bilayer vesicles was not obsd. in any of the mixed systems. This is apparently due to packing problems caused by the larger space requirement of the phosphocholine headgroups of PC-C32-PC compared to the small cross-sectional area of the alkyl chain. Obviously, the insertion of these bolaamphiphiles into membrane structures with parallel oriented mols. leads to large void vols. because of this packing problem, so that the bolaamphiphiles prefer to self-assemble into fibers, where the chains can get in closer contact. On the other hand, up to a certain molar ratio, double-chain phospholipids can easily be inserted into the hydrophobic pockets of the bolaamphiphile fibers, where they stabilize the fiber structure.
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| 2. |
- Mullens, Wilfried, et al.
(författare)
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Integration of implantable device therapy in patients with heart failure. A clinical consensus statement from the Heart Failure Association (HFA) and European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal of Heart Failure. - : WILEY. - 1388-9842 .- 1879-0844.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Implantable devices form an integral part of the management of patients with heart failure (HF) and provide adjunctive therapies in addition to cornerstone drug treatment. Although the number of these devices is growing, only few are supported by robust evidence. Current devices aim to improve haemodynamics, improve reverse remodelling, or provide electrical therapy. A number of these devices have guideline recommendations and some have been shown to improve outcomes such as cardiac resynchronization therapy, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and long-term mechanical support. For others, more evidence is still needed before large-scale implementation can be strongly advised. Of note, devices and drugs can work synergistically in HF as improved disease control with devices can allow for further optimization of drug therapy. Therefore, some devices might already be considered early in the disease trajectory of HF patients, while others might only be reserved for advanced HF. As such, device therapy should be integrated into HF care programmes. Unfortunately, implementation of devices, including those with the greatest evidence, in clinical care pathways is still suboptimal. This clinical consensus document of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) and European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) describes the physiological rationale behind device-provided therapy and also device-guided management, offers an overview of current implantable device options recommended by the guidelines and proposes a new integrated model of device therapy as a part of HF care.
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| 3. |
- Petersen, Astrid H., et al.
(författare)
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The effect of exercise on the absorption of inhaled human insulin via the AERx insulin diabetes management system in people with type 1 diabetes
- 2007
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Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1935-5548 .- 0149-5992. ; 30:10, s. 2571-2576
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE - This study investigated the effect of moderate exercise on the absorption of inhaled insulin via the AERx insulin diabetes management system (iDMS). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - in this randomized, open-label, four-period crossover, glucose clamp study 23 nonsmoking subjects with type I diabetes received a dose of 0.19 units/kg inhaled human insulin followed in random order by either 1) no exercise (NOEX group) or 30 min exercise starting, 2) 30 min after dosing (EX30), 3) 120 min after dosing (EX120), or 4) 240 min after dosing (EX240). RESULTS - Exercise changed the shape of the free plasma insulin curves, but compared with the NOEX group the area under the curve for free plasma insulin (AUC(ins)) for the first 2 h after the start of exercise was unchanged for EX30 and EX240, while it was 15% decreased for EX120 (P < 0.01). The overall insulin absorption during 6 and 10 h after dosing was 13% decreased for EX30 (P < 0.005), 11% decreased for EX120 (P < 0.01), and unchanged for EX240. Exercise.), while the time to C-max was 22 min did not influence the maximum insulin concentration (C-max) earlier for EX30 (P = 0.04). The AUC for the glucose infusion rate (AUC(GIR)) for 2 h after the start of exercise increased by 58% for EX30, 45% for EX120, and 71% for EX240 (all P < 0.02) compared with the NOEX group. CONCLUSIONS - Thirty minutes of moderate exercise led to unchanged or decreased absorption of inhaled insulin via AERx iDMS and faster C-max for early exercise. Thus, patients using AERx iDMS can adjust insulin dose as usual independent of time of exercise, but they should be aware of the faster effect if exercising early after dosing.
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